Incumbents

Governor of the Transvaal Colony and High Commissioner for Southern Africa: The Earl of Selborne (until 30 May).
Prime Minister of the Transvaal Colony: Louis Botha (until 30 May).

Events

15 – The 1910 South African general election is held to determine the first members of the House of Assembly, the Parliament of the Union of South Africa. Per Thula Simpson, the South African Party wins 67 seats, the Unionist Party wins 39, the Labour Party wins four, and independent candidates win 11. The major upset of the election involves Louis Botha's defeat at the hands of Percy FitzPatrick in the Pretoria East constituency. Botha has to accept a seat in the Losberg [af] district in order to retain his role as Prime Minister of South Africa.^[3]
17 – King Geoge V granted an official coat of arms to the Union.

The Girl Guides movement is established.
The white population in South Africa is 21.5% of the total.
Witwatersrand gold mine owners come under pressure to improve sanitary conditions since a third of the black miners are dying of pneumonia.
The Pretoria and Johannesburg branches of the Transvaal University College (TUC) split into independent institutions. The branches will later become the University of Pretoria (Tuks) and the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) respectively.

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21 March – Cape Eastern – Riverside (Natal) to Malenge, 8 miles 24 chains (13.4 kilometres).^[4]
27 April – Natal – Utrecht Junction to Utrecht, 26 miles (41.8 kilometres).^[4]
29 April – Transvaal – Belfast to Lydenburg, 64 miles 40 chains (103.8 kilometres).^[4]
15 May – Transvaal – Komatipoort to Newington, 68 miles 25 chains (109.9 kilometres).^[4]
4 July – Transvaal – Dunswart to Cranbourne, 3 miles 14 chains (5.1 kilometres).^[4]

Four new Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the Natal Government Railways (NGR):
- Two Class A 4-6-2 Pacific type locomotives, built in their Durban workshops. In 1912, these locomotives will be designated Class 2C on the South African Railways (SAR).^[5]^[6]^[7]
- A single Class B 4-8-2 Mountain type locomotive, also known as the America D and nicknamed "Maud Allan" by the enginemen. In 1912, it will be designated Class 3A on the SAR.^[5]^[6]
- Twenty-one Class B 4-8-0 Mastodon type tender locomotives. In 1912, they will be designated Class 1A on the SAR.^[5]^[6]
- Five 2-6-6-0 Mallet articulated compound steam locomotives. In 1912, they will be designated Class MB on the SAR.^[6]^[7]^[8]

Five new Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the Central South African Railways (CSAR):
- In March, ten Class 10-2 4-6-2 Pacific type steam locomotives, five with and five without superheaters. In 1912, they will be designated Class 10A (saturated steam) and Class 10B (superheated) on the SAR.^[5]^[6]
- Twelve lighter Class 10-C 4-6-2 Pacific type locomotives. In 1912, they will be designated Class 10C on the SAR.^[6]^[8]
- One American-built Class 10 4-6-2 Pacific type. In 1912, it will be designated the sole Class 10D on the SAR.^[6]
- Also in March, a single experimental 2-6-6-2 Mallet articulated locomotive. In 1912, it will be designated Class MD on the SAR.^[5]^[6]

^ ^a ^b Archontology.org: A Guide for Study of Historical Offices: South Africa: Governors-General: 1910-1961 (Accessed on 14 April 2017)
^ The South African Railways - Historical Survey. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, p. 25.
^ Simpson, Thula (2021). History of South Africa: From 1902 to the present. Cape Town, South Africa: Penguin Books. ISBN 9781776095865.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Statement Showing, in Chronological Order, the Date of Opening and the Mileage of Each Section of Railway, Statement No. 19, p. 186, ref. no. 200954-13
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Holland, D.F. (1971). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 1: 1859–1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. pp. 99–105, 138–140. ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 34–37, 52–53, 84–86. ISBN 0869772112.
^ ^a ^b Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer’s Office, Pretoria, January 1912. (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)
^ ^a ^b Holland, D. F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. pp. 13–17, 140. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.

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