Adele of Vermandois (bef. 915–960) was both a Carolingian as well as a Robertian Frankish noblewoman who was the Countess of Flanders by marriage (934–960).
^It remains uncertain if Hildegarde was Arnulf's daughter by his first wife, whose name was not preserved, or by his second wife Adele. See: Heather J. Tanner, Families, Friends and Allies: Boulogne and Politics in Northern France and England, C.879-1160 (Brill, Leiden, Netherlands, 2004) p. 55 n. 143
^ abDetlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 1 (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 49
^The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966, eds. & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), pp. 21 n. 77, 92
^ abcdeDetlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 5
^Heather J. Tanner, Families, Friends and Allies: Boulogne and Politics in Northern France and England, C.879-1160 (Brill, Leiden, Netherlands, 2004) p. 55 n. 143