William Stephen Belichick (/ˈbɛlɪtʃɪk,ˈbɛlɪtʃɛk/; born April 16, 1952) is an American football coach. Widely regarded as one of the greatest head coaches of all time,[1][2][3] he holds numerous coaching records, including the record of most Super Bowl wins (six) as a head coach, all with the New England Patriots, along with two more during his time as the defensive coordinator of the New York Giants, for the record of eight combined total Super Bowl victories as coach and coordinator.[4] A renowned American football historian, Belichick is often referred to as a "student of the game" with a deep knowledge of the intricacies of each player position.[5][6][7][8] Under his tenure with the Patriots, he was a central figure as the head coach as well as the chief executive during the franchise's dynasty from 2001 to 2019.[9]
Belichick is a descendant of the Bill Parcells coaching tree. He began his coaching career in 1975 as an assistant for the Baltimore Colts, and became the defensive coordinator for New York Giants head coach Bill Parcells by 1985. Parcells and Belichick won two Super Bowls together before Belichick left to become the head coach of the Cleveland Browns in 1991. He remained in Cleveland for five seasons but was fired following the team's 1995 season. He rejoined Parcells, first in New England where the team lost Super Bowl XXXI, and later with the New York Jets. After being named head coach of the Jets, Belichick resigned after only one day on the job to accept the head coaching job for the New England Patriots on January 27, 2000. In 24 seasons under Belichick, the Patriots won 17 AFC East division titles, made 13 appearances in the AFC Championship Game, and appeared in nine Super Bowls, with a record six wins. Overall, Belichick has won eight Super Bowl titles (the most of any individual in NFL history) and finished as runner-up four times from his combined time as an assistant and head coach.
Belichick was raised in Annapolis, Maryland,[18] where his father was an assistant football coach at the United States Naval Academy. Belichick has said his father is one of his most important football mentors, and Belichick often studied football with him.[19] Bill reportedly learned to break down game films at a young age by watching his father and the Navy staff do their jobs.[20] He graduated in 1970 from Annapolis High School, where he was a classmate of Sally Brice-O'Hara, who would later become the Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard.[21][22] While there he played football and lacrosse, with the latter being his favorite sport.[23] He enrolled at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, for a postgraduate year, with the intention of improving his grades and test scores to be admitted into a quality college.[24] The school honored him 40 years later by inducting him into its Athletics Hall of Honor in 2011.[25]
Belichick attended Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, where he played center and tight end. In addition to being a member of the football team, he played lacrosse and squash, serving as the captain of the lacrosse team during his senior season. A member of Chi Psi fraternity,[26] he earned a bachelor's degree in economics in 1975.[27] Eventually he was part of the inaugural induction class into the university's Athletics Hall of Fame in spring 2008.[28]
Coaching career
Early coaching positions
After graduating, Belichick took a $25-per-week job as an assistant to Baltimore Colts head coach Ted Marchibroda in 1975.[29] In 1976, he joined the Detroit Lions as their assistant special teams coach before adding tight ends and wide receivers to his coaching duties in 1977.[30] He was dismissed along with head coach Tommy Hudspeth and the rest of the coaching staff on January 9, 1978.[31] He spent the 1978 season with the Denver Broncos as their assistant special teams coach and defensive assistant, which also serving as director of films.[32][33]
From 1991 until 1995, Belichick was the head coach of the Cleveland Browns. During his tenure in Cleveland, he compiled a 36–44 record, leading the team to the playoffs in 1994, his only winning year with the team.[38] Coincidentally, his one playoff victory during his Browns tenure was achieved against the New England Patriots, who were coached by former Giants head coach Bill Parcells, in the Wild Card Round during that postseason.[39] In Belichick's last season in Cleveland, the Browns finished 5–11, despite starting 3–1.[40] One of his most controversial moves was cutting quarterback Bernie Kosar midway through the 1993 season. Kosar was signed by the Dallas Cowboys two days later and won a Super Bowl with the Cowboys in Super Bowl XXVIII as a backup. In November 1995, in the middle of the ongoing football season, Browns owner Art Modell had announced he would move his franchise to Baltimore after the season.[41] After first being given assurances that he would coach the new team that would later become the Baltimore Ravens, Belichick was instead fired on February 14, 1996, one week after the shift was officially announced.[42]
New England Patriots (1996)
After his dismissal by the Cleveland Browns, Belichick served under Parcells again as assistant head coach and defensive backs coach with the Patriots for the 1996 season. The Patriots finished with an 11–5 record and won the AFC Championship over the Jacksonville Jaguars, but they lost to the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl XXXI amid rumors of Parcells's impending defection.[43][44]
New York Jets (1997–1999)
Belichick had two stints as the head coach of the New York Jets without ever coaching a game.
In February 1997, Belichick, who had been an assistant coach under Bill Parcells with the New York Giants and New England Patriots, was named the Jets interim head coach while the Jets and Patriots continued to negotiate compensation to release Parcells from his contract with the Patriots and allow Parcells to coach the Jets.[45] Six days later the Patriots and Jets reached an agreement that allowed Parcells to coach the Jets, and Belichick became the team's assistant head coach and defensive coordinator.[46]
When Parcells stepped down as head coach after the 1999 season, he had already arranged with team management to have Belichick succeed him. However, Belichick was the New York Jets' head coach for only one day. On January 4, 2000, when Belichick was introduced as head coach to the media—the day after his hiring was publicized—he turned it into a surprise resignation announcement. Before taking the podium, he scrawled a resignation note on a napkin that read, in its entirety, "I resign as HC of the NYJ." He then delivered a half-hour speech explaining his resignation to the assembled press corps.[47]
Soon after this bizarre turn of events, he was introduced as the Patriots' 12th full-time head coach, succeeding the recently fired Pete Carroll.[48] The Patriots had inquired to the Jets about permission to interview him for their vacant spot at head coach just prior to Parcells stepping down.[49] Parcells and the Jets claimed that Belichick was still under contract to the Jets, and demanded compensation from the Patriots. NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue agreed, and the Patriots gave the Jets a first-round draft pick in 2000 in exchange for the right to hire Belichick.[50]
New England Patriots (2000–2023)
Soon after hiring Belichick, owner Robert Kraft gave him near-complete control over the team's football operations, making him the de facto general manager as well. Until 2009, Belichick split many of the duties normally held by a general manager on other clubs with player personnel director Scott Pioli, though Belichick had the final say on football matters.[51] Pioli left for the Kansas City Chiefs after the 2008 season.[52]
The Patriots went 5–11 in the 2000 regular season and missed the playoffs.[53]
Starting Brady over Bledsoe, "Patriot Way", first three Super Bowl wins: 2001–2004
The following season (2002)—the first in Gillette Stadium—the Patriots went 9–7 and missed the playoffs.[58] New England finished with the same record as the New York Jets and the Miami Dolphins, but the Jets won the AFC East title as a result of the third tiebreaker (record among common opponents).[59]
In 2004, the Patriots once again finished with a 14–2 record, and they defeated the Indianapolis Colts in the divisional round of the playoffs.[66][67] They opened the season at 6–0, which combined with the 15 straight wins to end the previous season, gave New England 21 consecutive victories to break the record for most wins in a row formerly held by the Miami Dolphins with 18 straight victories in the 1972 and 1973 seasons. They defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Championship Game. In Super Bowl XXXIX, the Patriots beat the Philadelphia Eagles and became only the second team to win three Super Bowls in four years.[68][69] Belichick is the only coach to accomplish the feat as the Dallas Cowboys had two head coaches in the stretch they won three of four from 1992 to 1995.
Perfect regular season, Randy Moss, the Manning brothers, and Brady's injury: 2005–2009
In the Patriots' 2008 season-opener against the Kansas City Chiefs, quarterback Tom Brady sustained a season-ending injury in the first quarter.[81] Backup quarterback Matt Cassel was named the starter for the remainder of the season. However, with a win in Week 2, the Patriots broke their own record for regular season wins in a row with 21 (2006–08). After losing over a dozen players to the injured reserve list, including Rodney Harrison, Adalius Thomas, and Laurence Maroney, the Patriots still managed their league-leading eighth consecutive season with a winning record, going 11–5.[82] Nevertheless, the Patriots, who finished second in the AFC East, missed the playoffs for the first time since 2002, losing on tiebreakers to the Miami Dolphins (who won the division on the fourth tiebreaker, better conference record) and the Baltimore Ravens (who beat out the Patriots for the last playoff spot due to a better conference record).[83] The 1985 Denver Broncos are the only other 11-win team to miss the playoffs in a 16-game season.[84]
In 2009, with a fully healthy Tom Brady back as the starting quarterback, Belichick was able to guide the Patriots to yet another AFC East division title with a 10–6 record.[85] However, the Patriots lost to the Baltimore Ravens in the Wild Card Round.[86]
Spygate
In an incident dubbed "Spygate,"[87] on September 9, 2007, NFL security caught a Patriots video assistant taping the New York Jets' defensive signals from the sidelines, which is not an approved location. The NFL rules state "No video recording devices of any kind are permitted to be in use in the coaches' booth, on the field, or in the locker room during the game." Jets coach Eric Mangini, a former Patriots assistant, tipped off league officials that the Patriots might have been filming their signals. After the game, the Jets formally complained to the league.
On September 13, the NFL fined Belichick $500,000—the largest fine ever imposed on a coach in the league's 87-year history,[88] and fined the Patriots $250,000. Additionally, the Patriots forfeited their first-round draft pick in the 2008 NFL Draft. NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell, a former employee of the Jets, said that he fined the Patriots as a team because Belichick exercises so much control over the Patriots' on-field operations that "his actions and decisions are properly attributed to the club." Goodell considered suspending Belichick, but decided that taking away draft picks would be more severe in the long run.[89] Gary Myers, New York Daily News columnist, stated Belichick should have been suspended by Goodell for the Patriots' next game against the Jets.[90]
Belichick later issued the following statement:
I accept full responsibility for the actions that led to tonight's ruling. Once again, I apologize to the Kraft family and every person directly or indirectly associated with the New England Patriots for the embarrassment, distraction and penalty my mistake caused. I also apologize to Patriots fans and would like to thank them for their support during the past few days and throughout my career. [...] As the Commissioner acknowledged, our use of sideline video had no impact on the outcome of last week's game. We have never used sideline video to obtain a competitive advantage while the game was in progress. [...] Part of my job as head coach is to ensure that our football operations are conducted in compliance of the league rules and all accepted interpretations of them. My interpretation of a rule in the Constitution and Bylaws was incorrect. [...] With tonight's resolution, I will not be offering any further comments on this matter. We are moving on with our preparations for Sunday's game.
Following the incident and its fallout, Belichick led the Patriots to a perfect 16–0 regular season record, and was awarded the 2007 NFL Coach of the Year Award, as voted on by the Associated Press.[91]
Making five Super Bowls and winning three, Gronkowski, and "We're on to Cincinnati": 2010–2019
In the 2010 season, Belichick and the Patriots finished with a 14–2 record for the top seed in the AFC.[92] However, their postseason ended quickly with a 28–21 loss to the New York Jets in the divisional round.[93]
On September 26, 2012, following a 31–30 loss to the Baltimore Ravens, Belichick was fined $50,000 for grabbing a replacement official's arm while asking for more specific clarity on a ruling after Baltimore had narrowly converted a last-second field goal attempt to secure the win.[98] The Patriots finished the 2012 regular season with a 12–4 record. In the divisional round of the playoffs, they defeated the Houston Texans by a score of 41–28 and made it to the AFC Championship Game, where they lost to the eventual Super Bowl XLVII champion Baltimore Ravens by a score of 28–13, ending their season.[99][100]
In the 2014 season, Belichick's Patriots started 2–2. At a mid-week press conference following a 41–14 loss to the Kansas City Chiefs, Belichick famously uttered "We're on to Cincinnati" (referring to the Patriots' next opponent) several times in response to follow-up questions and criticisms of his team, Brady in particular.[104] Ultimately, they recorded a 12–4 record for the third straight season.[105] In the divisional round, they defeated the Baltimore Ravens by a score of 35–31.[106] In the AFC Championship Game, they defeated the Indianapolis Colts by a score of 45–7.[107] They reached Super Bowl XLIX, where they defeated the Seattle Seahawks by a score of 28–24.[108] With his fourth championship as head coach, Belichick tied Chuck Noll for most Super Bowl wins by a head coach.[109]
In the 2017 season, Belichick's Patriots went 13–3, setting an NFL record eighth consecutive 12-or-more-win seasons, capturing their ninth consecutive AFC East title and their 15th of the last 17 seasons. They defeated the Tennessee Titans in the divisional round by a score of 35–14, and the Jacksonville Jaguars in the AFC Championship Game by a score of 24–20, claiming their second consecutive AFC title, while also extending their record of consecutive AFC Championship Game appearances with seven.[119][120]Super Bowl LII was Belichick's eighth title game as head coach and his eleventh overall in any capacity, which was also the Patriots' tenth appearance, all extending NFL records. The Ringer wrote that Belichick's "team is different from many of New England's famous teams from the previous decade: The first iteration of the Patriots dynasty relied on defense. This year, they are 29th in yards allowed (though fifth in points allowed) and instead have perfected the art of situational football". The latter Patriots teams were noted for mounting late comebacks in playoff games.[121][122]
However, the Patriots fell to the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl LII, 41–33, as Eagles quarterback Nick Foles repeated his dominant NFC Championship Game performance and led Philadelphia to victory in a high-scoring game. The Patriots were down early, as they had been in most of their Super Bowl wins. However, they could not make a comeback this time, although they came very close. Eagles defensive end Brandon Graham strip-sacked Tom Brady to get the ball back with about 2 minutes to go in the 4th quarter. The Patriots did get the ball again before the end of the game, but they ran out of time to score.[123]
In the 2018 season, Belichick's Patriots went 11–5, failing to win 12 or more games for the first time since 2009. Despite this, the Patriots still captured their 10th consecutive AFC East title and their 16th of the last 18 years. They defeated the Los Angeles Chargers in the divisional round by a score of 41–28 and the Kansas City Chiefs in the AFC Championship Game 37–31 in a tough overtime game in Kansas City to advance to their third straight Super Bowl.[124][125] In Super Bowl LIII, the Patriots defeated the Los Angeles Rams 13–3 to give Belichick his sixth Super Bowl championship as a head coach and his eighth overall to have the most Super Bowl rings in NFL history. His six championships matched both George Halas and Curly Lambeau for most championships as a head coach. The Patriots' defense held the high-scoring Rams offense to 260 total yards.[126][127]
On May 13, 2019, Belichick announced that he would assume another role as the Patriots' defensive coordinator starting the 2019 season.[128] On October 27, 2019, with the Patriots' win over the Cleveland Browns, Belichick obtained his 300th win, regular and postseason combined, as a head coach.[129] The Patriots finished the 2019 regular season with a 12–4 record, winning their 11th consecutive AFC East title.[130] They were defeated in the wild-card round of the playoffs by the Tennessee Titans, led by former Patriots linebacker Mike Vrabel, by the final score of 20–13.[131]
Brady goes to Tampa Bay, Cam Newton, Mac Jones, and final years in New England: 2020–2023
Following the departure of Tom Brady to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Belichick and the Patriots were faced with an uncertain quarterback situation for the first time in nearly two decades.[132] During the offseason, the Patriots signed former Carolina Panthers starter Cam Newton for the 2020 NFL season.[133] The off-season routines and schedules, as well as the normal processes of regular season were severely disrupted by the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the unanticipated difficulties and challenges of the pandemic, the Patriots were in the hunt for a playoff spot until late in the season, ultimately finishing 7–9. 2020 was Belichick's first losing season since his first year in New England.[134]
In the 2021 NFL Draft, the Patriots selected quarterback Mac Jones with the 15th overall pick.[135] After Jones and Newton competed for the starting job during the preseason, Belichick made the decision to release Newton and name Jones the starter for the upcoming season.[136][137] In week 4 of that season, Brady's Buccaneers visited the Patriots in his first trip to Gillette Stadium since signing with the Patriots. A missed 56-yard field goal by Patriots kicker Nick Folk allowed Tampa Bay to narrowly escape with a 19–17 victory.[138] Immediately after the game, Brady and Belichick shared a quick embrace on the field before Brady greeted his former teammates and other members of the Patriots organization.[139] Though fans criticized Belichick for his lack of warmth displayed towards his former quarterback, the two privately spoke at length in the Buccaneers locker room following the match.[140] Belichick helped lead the Patriots to a 10–7 record in 2021. The team fell to the Buffalo Bills in the Wild Card Round.[141]
In the 2022 season, despite starting quarterback Mac Jones being injured in Week 3 and subsequently missing three more weeks, the Patriots remained in the hunt for a playoff spot until the last week, finishing with a record of 8–9.[142][143]
In Week 4 of the 2023 season, the Patriots lost to the Dallas Cowboys, 38–3. In doing so, Belichick suffered the worst loss of his coaching career (35 points).[144] The following week, the Patriots lost to the Saints, 34–0, giving Belichick his worst home loss of his career.[145] In Week 7, New England upset the Buffalo Bills 29–25 to earn Belichick his 300th career regular season win as an NFL head coach.[146] After a week 10 loss to the Indianapolis Colts and subsequent bye week, Belichick named Bailey Zappe the team's starting quarterback.[147] In Belichick's final game with New England, the Patriots lost to the Jets 17–3, snapping the team's 15-game win streak over the Jets. The Patriots finished their season at 4–13, the team's worst record in Belichick's 24 seasons as head coach.[148] On January 11, 2024, Belichick and the Patriots mutually agreed to part ways.[149]
Overall record in New England
Under Belichick, the Patriots had a regular-season record of 266–121–0 over 24 seasons.[150] Belichick is far and away the most successful coach in Patriots history; his 266 wins with the franchise are more than quadruple those of runner-up Mike Holovak. Belichick also compiled a 30–12 record in the playoffs with New England, including a 6–3 record in Super Bowls. He led the Patriots to 17 divisional titles, including five consecutive titles from 2003 to 2007 and eleven consecutive titles from 2009 to 2019. This streak of eleven consecutive playoff appearances is the most in NFL history for any team.[151]
During the offseason, Belichick visits other football programs to learn from their experiences. For example, he has studied the Navy run offense, sought Bill Walsh (in past years) to understand more about the San Francisco 49ers as an organization and the West Coast offense as a system,[179] and spent time with Jimmy Johnson to learn about drafting and contract negotiations.[180]
The track record of Belichick's coaching tree has been characterized as poor. Former assistant coaches under Belichick had a combined 208–296–1 (.413) record as head coaches of their own teams through November 28, 2020, and a number of them ended their brief tenures as head coaches by being fired midseason.[181] As of the end of the 2020 season, the only members of this coaching tree to have career NFL head coaching records above .500 were former coaches Groh (9–7) and O'Brien (52–48 during season, 2–4 in playoffs), and current coach Vrabel (29–19 during season, 2–2 in playoffs).[182]
Personal life
Nick Saban and Belichick are good friends. In 2007, When Belichick spoke about their relationship, he said: "Two successful Croats in the same division of NFL. You must admit, you don't see that every day."[183] In May 2018, President Donald Trump appointed Belichick to be a member of his Council on Sports, Fitness & Nutrition.[184]
Belichick married businesswoman Debby Clarke in 1977, but they divorced in the summer of 2006.[187][188] The couple have three children. They allegedly separated before the 2004 season, which was disclosed by the Patriots in July 2005. Belichick was also accused of maintaining a relationship with former Giants receptionist Sharon Shenocca, which helped precipitate her divorce.[189]
Starting in 2007, Belichick was in a relationship with Linda Holliday, who was the executive director of the Bill Belichick Foundation.[190][191] The relationship ended in 2023.
Children
He has three children with Debby Clarke Belichick: Amanda, Stephen and Brian.
Stephen played lacrosse and football at Rutgers University on scholarship. He was hired as an assistant coach with the New England Patriots in May 2012,[196] was promoted to safeties coach in 2016,[197] and moved to outside linebackers coach in 2020.[198]
Brian was hired to the Patriots' front office as a scouting assistant in 2016,[199] served as a coaching assistant from 2017 to 2019, and was promoted to safeties coach prior to the 2020 season.[200]
Declined Presidential Medal of Freedom
On January 10, 2021, Politico reported then-President Donald Trump planned to award Belichick the Presidential Medal of Freedom.[201] Belichick indicated that he was flattered to be considered for the honor, but declined the award in a statement issued the next day.[202] His statement referenced the January 6 United States Capitol attack, which had occurred a few days earlier, and cited his "great reverence for our nation's values, freedom and democracy" in light of that event.[203][204] A number of Massachusetts politicians, including Senator Ed Markey and Representative Jim McGovern, had previously called on him to decline after news of the award became public.[205]
Media and entertainment
The Belichick Plaza at Wesleyan University (formerly Warren Street lobby) was dedicated in recognition of the leadership and generosity of Belichick.[206]
In the Madden NFL video game series, his name is not used because he is not a member of the NFL Coaches Association, which licenses the game. Belichick is the only NFL head coach who has chosen not to join the association.[207]
Belichick is well known as a fan of the rock band Bon Jovi, who visited Patriots training camp on August 14, 2006.[208][209] Their 2002 song "Bounce" is dedicated to Belichick.[210]
In September 2011, a two-hour documentary following Belichick through the entire 2009 season was aired as the first two episodes of the NFL Network documentary series A Football Life. According to NFL Network, the premiere was the most-watched documentary in the history of the NFL Network, and the second-most watched broadcast in the Boston media market, beating all the broadcast networks, and finishing second only to a Boston Red Sox game.[211]
In the Family Guy episode "3 Acts of God" it is revealed that God won't let the New England Patriots win games because Belichick never smiles.[212]
Belichick's "We're on to Cincinnati" press conference during the 2014 season is spoofed by comedian Frank Caliendo.[213]
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^Maxymuk, John (2012). NFL Head Coaches: A Biographical Dictionary, 1920–2011. p. 77.
^Silver, Michael (February 9, 2004). "Fight to the Finish". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on May 6, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
^Reiss, Mike (September 14, 2007). "Big fines for Belichick, team". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
^Paige, Woody (January 28, 2008). "Belichick's roots in Denver". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on February 26, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2023.
^"The BBF Mission". Bill Belichick Foundation. Archived from the original on September 8, 2019. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
^Cocuzzo, Robert; Percelay, Bruce A. (June 28, 2017). "Winning Combination". Nantucket Magazine. Archived from the original on May 25, 2019. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
^McFarland, Kevin (March 17, 2014). "Family Guy: "3 Acts Of God"". A.V. Club. Archived from the original on March 27, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2020.