Catherine Winkworth | |
|---|---|
| Born | 13 September 1827 London |
| Died | 1 July 1878 Geneva |
| Venerated in | Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , Episcopal Church USA |
| Feast | 1 July (Lutheran) or 7 August (Episcopal) |
Catherine Winkworth (13 September 1827 – 1 July 1878) was an English translator. She is best known for bringing the German chorale tradition to English speakers with her numerous translations of hymns.
Biography
Catherine Winkworth was born 13 September 1837 in London at 20 Ely Place, Holborn.[1] She was the fourth daughter of Henry Winkworth, a silk merchant. In 1829, her parents moved to Manchester where her father had a silk mill. Winkworth lived most of her early life in Manchester. Winkworth studied under the Unitarian minister, Rev. William Gaskell, minister of Cross Street Chapel, in Manchester, and with the English philosopher Dr. James Martineau. She subsequently moved with the family to Clifton, near Bristol. Her sister Susanna Winkworth (1820–1884) was also a translator, mainly of German devotional works.
She spent a year in Dresden, during which time she took an interest in German hymnody. Around 1854, she published her book Lyra Germanica, a collection of German hymns which she had chosen and translated into English. A further collection followed in 1858. During 1863, she published The Chorale Book for England, which was coedited by the composers William Sterndale Bennett and Otto Goldschmidt, and in 1869 she followed this with Christian Singers of Germany. According to The Harvard University Hymn Book, Winkworth "did more than any other single individual to make the rich heritage of German hymnody available to the English-speaking world."[2] Four examples of translations by her hand are published in The Church Hymn Book 1872 (Nos 344, 431, 664 and 807).[3]
In addition to translating hymns, Winkworth was deeply involved in promoting women's rights, and was the secretary of the Clifton Association for Higher Education for Women, a supporter of the Clifton High School for Girls, where a house is named after her,[4] and a member of the Cheltenham Ladies' College. She was likewise governor of the Red Maids' School in Westbury-on-Trym in the city of Bristol, England .[5]
Wentworth also translated biographies of two founders of sisterhoods for the poor and the sick: Life of Pastor Fliedner, 1861, and Life of Amelia Sieveking, 1863.
Peccavi
According to the Encyclopedia of Britain by Bamber Gascoigne (1993), it was Catherine Winkworth who, learning of General Charles James Napier's ruthless, unauthorized, and successful campaign to conquer the Indian province of Sindh, "...remarked to her teacher that Napier's despatch to the governor general of India, after capturing Sind, should have been Peccavi (Latin for 'I have sinned'). She sent her joke to the new humorous magazine Punch, which printed it in 1842. The pun has usually been credited to Napier.[6]
The rumour's persistence over the decades led to investigations in Calcutta archives, as well as comments by William Lee-Warner in 1917 and Lord Zetland, Secretary for India in 1936.[7]
Hymn books
- Lyra Germanica, Hymns for the Sundays and chief festivals of the Christian Year, Translated from the German,1855 edition compiled by Catherine Winkworth
- The Chorale Book for England: A Complete Hymn-book for Public and Private Worship Catherine Winkworth, William Sterndale Bennett and Otto Goldschmidt (1863)
- Lyra Germanica: the Christian life, Catherine Winkworth (1868)
- Christian Singers of Germany Catherine Winkworth (1869)
- Songs for the household: Sacred poetry Catherine Winkworth (1882)
Death
Catherine Winkworth died suddenly of heart disease near Geneva on 1 July 1878 and was buried in Monnetier, in Upper Savoy. A monument to her memory was erected in Bristol Cathedral. She is commemorated as a hymnwriter with John Mason Neale on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on 7 August and on the Calendar of Saints of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America on 1 July.[8]
References
- ^ "Catherine Winkworth", CyberHymnal
- ^ The Harvard University Hymn Book. Harvard University. p. 288.
- ^ "Catherine Winkworth", (Center for Church Music)
- ^ Susan Drain: Winkworth, Catherine (1827–1878). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2004). Retrieved 13 September 2010. Subscription required.
- ^ Catherine and Susanna Winkworth (Eclectic Ethereal Encyclopedia)
- ^ Byrne, Eugene. "Sir Charles Napier's sin", BBC HistoryExtra, 9 March 2012
- ^ "PECCAVI": A Good Story Killed, The Manchester Guardian, 14 February 1936
- ^ Catherine Winkworth, Hymnwriter and Educator (Biographical Sketches of Memorable Christians of the Past) http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bio/197.html
Further reading
- The Church Hymn Book ( ed. Edwin F. Hatfield. New York and Chicago: 1872)
External links
- Collection of hymns translated by Winkworth (The Cyber Hymnal)
- Biographies and published works (Christian Classics Ethereal Library)
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