This article lists all active and upcoming orbital launch systems. For retired launch vehicles, see Comparison of retired orbital launch systems.
This comparison of orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all current and future individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit. A first list contains rockets that are operational or have attempted an orbital flight attempt as of 2024; a second list includes all upcoming rockets. For the simple list of all conventional launcher families, see: Comparison of orbital launchers families. For the list of predominantly solid-fueled orbital launch systems, see: Comparison of solid-fueled orbital launch systems.
Spacecraft propulsion[note 1] is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites. Orbital launch systems are rockets and other systems capable of placing payloads into or beyond Earth orbit. All launch vehicle propulsion systems employed to date have been chemical rockets falling into one of three main categories:
All current spacecraft use conventional chemical rockets (solid-fuel or liquid bipropellant) for launch, though some[note 3] have used air-breathing engines on their first stage.[note 4]
Orbits legend:
Vehicle | Origin | Manufacturer | Height | Maximum payload mass (kg) |
Reusable / Expendable | Orbital launches including failures[a] |
Launch site(s) | Dates of flight | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEO | GTO | Other | First | Latest | |||||||
Angara A5 / Briz-M | ![]() |
Khrunichev | 48.7 m | 24,500[1] | 5,400[2] | N/A | Expendable | 2[1] | 2014 | 2020 | |
Angara A5 / Block DM-03 | ![]() |
Khrunichev | 54.9 m | N/A | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2[1] | 2021 | 2024 | |
Angara 1.2 | ![]() |
Khrunichev | 42.7 m | 3,500[2] | N/A | 2,400 to SSO[3] | Expendable | 2[4] | 2022 | 2022 | |
Atlas V 551 | ![]() |
ULA | 58.3 m | 18,850[5] | 8,900[5] | 13,550 to SSO[6] 3,850 to GEO[5] |
Expendable | 14 | 2006 | 2023 | |
Atlas V N22[b] | ![]() |
ULA | 52.4 m | 13,000[8] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2[8] | 2019[9] | 2022 | |
Ceres-1 (3)[c] | ![]() |
Galactic Energy | 20 m | 400[11] | N/A | 300 to SSO[11] | Expendable | 8[12] | 2022 | 2023 | |
Ceres-1S[d] | ![]() |
Galactic Energy | 20 m | ~ 400[11] | N/A | ~ 300 to SSO[11] | Expendable | 1[12] | 2023 | 2023 | |
Chollima-1 | ![]() |
NADA | > 38 m | > 300[13] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 3[14] | 2023 | 2023 | |
Electron | ![]() ![]() |
Rocket Lab | 18 m | 300[15] | N/A | 200 to SSO[15] | Partially reusable | 46[16] | 2017 | 2024 | |
Epsilon | ![]() |
IHI[17] | 24.4 m | 1,500[18] | N/A | 590 to SSO[18] | Expendable | 6[18] | 2013 | 2022 | |
Falcon 9 Block 5 | ![]() |
SpaceX | 70 m | 17,500[19] | 5,500[20] | N/A | Partially reusable | 279[20] | 2018 | 2024 | |
22,800[20] | 8,300[20] | 4,020 to TMI[20] | Expendable | ||||||||
Falcon Heavy[21] | ![]() |
SpaceX | 70 m | 30,000[22] | 8,000[23] | N/A | Partially reusable | 9[23] | 2018 | 2023 | |
63,800[23] | 26,700[23] | 16,800 to TMI[23] | Expendable | ||||||||
Firefly Alpha | ![]() |
Firefly Aerospace | 29 m | 1,030[24] | N/A | 630 to SSO[24] | Expendable | 4[25] | 2021 | 2023 | |
Gravity-1 | ![]() |
Orienspace | 31.4 m | 6,500[26] | N/A | 4,200 to SSO[26] | Expendable | 1[26] | 2024 | 2024 | |
GSLV Mk II | ![]() |
ISRO | 49.1 m | 6,000[27] | 2,250[27] | N/A | Expendable | 10[28] | 2010 | 2024 | |
H-IIA 202 | ![]() |
Mitsubishi | 53 m | 8,000[29] | 4,000[29] | 5,100 to SSO[e] | Expendable | 33[30] | 2001 | 2023 | |
H3-22S | ![]() |
Mitsubishi | 57 m | N/A[31] | 3,500 | N/A | Expendable | 2[32] | 2023 | 2024 | |
Hyperbola-1 (2)[f] | ![]() |
i-Space | 22.5 m | 300[34] | N/A | 300 to SSO[34] | Expendable | 5[34] | 2021 | 2023 | |
Jielong 1[35] | ![]() |
CALT | 19.5 m | N/A | N/A | 200 to SSO[36] | Expendable | 1[35] | 2019 | 2019 | |
Jielong 3 | ![]() |
CALT | 31.8 m | N/A | N/A | 1,500 (500 km SSO)[37] | Expendable | 3[37] | 2022 | 2024 | |
KAIROS | ![]() |
Space One | 18 m | 250 | N/A | 150 to SSO[38] | Expendable | 1 | 2024 | 2024 | |
Kinetica 1 | ![]() |
CAS Space | 30 m | 2,000[39] | N/A | 1,500[39] (500 km SSO) | Expendable | 3[39] | 2022 | 2024 | |
Kuaizhou 1A | ![]() |
ExPace | 19.8 m | 400[40] | N/A | 250 to SSO | Expendable | 28[40] | 2013[g] | 2024 | |
Kuaizhou 11 | ![]() |
ExPace | 25.3 m | 1,500[42] | N/A | 1,000 to SSO[42] | Expendable | 2[43] | 2020 | 2022 | |
Long March 2C | ![]() |
CALT | 38.8 m[44] | 3,850 [45] |
N/A | 2,100 to SSO | Expendable | 69 | 1982 | 2024 | |
Long March 2C / YZ-1S | ![]() |
CALT | 38.8 m[44] | N/A | N/A | 2,500 to SSO | Expendable | 8 | 2018 | 2024 | |
Long March 2D | ![]() |
SAST | 41.1 m | 4,000[46] | N/A | 1,300 to SSO[47] | Expendable | 89[48] | 1992 | 2024 | |
Long March 2D / YZ-3 | ![]() |
SAST | 41.1 m | N/A | N/A | 2,000 to SSO | Expendable | 3 | 2018 | 2024 | |
Long March 2F | ![]() |
CALT | 62 m | 8,400[49] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 23[48] | 1999 | 2024 | |
Long March 3A | ![]() |
CALT | 52.5 m | 6,000[50] | 2,600[50] | 5,000 to SSO 1,420 to TLI[50] |
Expendable | 27[50] | 1994 | 2018 | |
Long March 3B/E | ![]() |
CALT | 56.3 m | 11,500[50] | 5,500[50] | 6,900 to SSO 3,500 to TLI[50] |
Expendable | 82[50] | 2007 | 2024 | |
Long March 3B/E / YZ-1 | ![]() |
CALT | 56.3 m | N/A | N/A | 2,200 to MEO | Expendable | 14 | 2015 | 2023 | |
Long March 3C | ![]() |
CALT | 54.8 m | 9,100[50] | 3,800[50] | 6,500 to SSO 2,300 to TLI[50] |
Expendable | 18[50] | 2008 | 2021 | |
Long March 4B | ![]() |
SAST | 44.1 m | 4,200[51] | 1,500[51] | 2,800 to SSO[51] | Expendable | 48[51] | 1999 | 2023 | |
Long March 4C | ![]() |
SAST | 45.8 m | 4,200[52] | 1,500[52] | 2,800 to SSO[52] | Expendable | 53[52] | 2006 | 2023 | |
Long March 5 | ![]() |
CALT | 56.9 m | 25,000[53] | 14,000 [53] | 15,000 to SSO[54] 4,500 to GEO[54] 8,200 to TLI[55] 6,000 to TMI[55] |
Expendable | 8[54] | 2016 | 2024 | |
Long March 5B | ![]() |
CALT | 56.9 m | 25,000[54] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 4[54] | 2020[56] | 2022 | |
Long March 6 | ![]() |
SAST | 29 m | 1,500[57] | N/A | 1,080 to SSO[57] | Expendable | 11[57] | 2015 | 2023 | |
Long March 6A | ![]() |
SAST | 50 m | 8,000[58] | N/A | 4,500 to SSO[59] | Expendable | 5[60] | 2022 | 2024 | |
Long March 6C | ![]() |
CALT | 43 m | 4,500 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 1[61] | 2024 | 2024 | |
Long March 7 | ![]() |
CALT | 53.1 m | 14,000[62] | 7,000 | 5,500 to SSO[62] | Expendable | 8[63] | 2016[64] | 2024 | |
Long March 7A | ![]() |
CALT | 60.13 m | N/A | 7,000[56] | 5,000 to TLI | Expendable | 6[63] | 2020 | 2023 | |
Long March 8 822[65] | ![]() |
CALT | 50.34 m | 8,400 | 2,800[66] | 5,000 to SSO[66] 1,500 to TLI |
Expendable | 2[67] | 2020 | 2024 | |
Long March 8 820[68] | ![]() |
CALT | 48 m | 4,500 | N/A | 3,000 to SSO | Expendable | 1[67] | 2022 | 2022 | |
Long March 11 | ![]() |
CALT | 20.8 m | 700[69] | N/A | 350 to SSO[69] | Expendable | 17[69] | 2015 | 2023 | |
LVM 3 | ![]() |
ISRO | 43.4 m | 10,000[70] | 4,000[70] | 3,000 to TLI | Expendable | 6[71] | 2017[h] | 2023 | |
Minotaur-C[73] | ![]() |
Northrop Grumman | 27.9 m | 1,458[74] | 445[74] | 1,054 to SSO[i][74] | Expendable | 1[74] | 2017 | 2017 | |
Minotaur I | ![]() |
Northrop Grumman | 19.2 m | 580[75] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 12[76] | 2000 | 2021 | |
Minotaur IV | ![]() |
Northrop Grumman | 23.9 m | 1,730[75] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 5[77][j] | 2010 | 2020 | |
Minotaur V | ![]() |
Northrop Grumman | 24.6 m | N/A | 678[77] | 465 to HCO[77] | Expendable | 1[77] | 2013 | 2013 | |
Nuri (KSLV-II) | ![]() |
KARI | 47.2 m | 3,300[78] | N/A | 1,900 to SSO[78] | Expendable | 3[79] | 2021 | 2023 | |
Pegasus XL | ![]() |
Northrop Grumman | 16.9 m | 454[80] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 35[81] | 1994 | 2021 | |
Proton-M | ![]() |
Khrunichev | 58.2 m | 23,000[82] | 6,150 [83] | 3,300 to GEO[83] | Expendable | 115[84][85][83] | 2001 | 2023 | |
PSLV-CA | ![]() |
ISRO | 44.4 m | 2,100[86] | N/A | 1,100 to SSO[86] | Expendable | 17[87][86] | 2007 | 2023 | |
PSLV-DL | ![]() |
ISRO | 44.4 m | N/A | N/A | 750 to polar | Expendable | 4[88] | 2019 | 2024 | |
PSLV-QL | ![]() |
ISRO | 44.4 m | N/A | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2[89] | 2019 | 2019 | |
PSLV-XL | ![]() |
ISRO | 44.4 m | 3,800[90] | 1,300[90] | 1,750 to SSO[90] 550 to TMI[91] |
Expendable | 25[90] | 2008 | 2023 | |
Qaem 100 | ![]() |
IRGC | 15.5 m | 80[92] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2[k] | 2023 | 2024 | |
Qased | ![]() |
IRGC | 18.8 m | 40[93] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 3[93] | 2020 | 2023 | |
Shavit-2 | ![]() |
IAI | 22.1 m | 400 in Retrograde[94] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 6[95] | 2007 | 2023 | |
Simorgh | ![]() |
Iranian Space Agency | 26 m | 250[96] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 7[97][96][l] | 2017 | 2024 | |
GYUB TV2 | ![]() |
MND | 19.5 m | > 100[98] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 1[98] | 2023 | 2023 | |
Soyuz-2.1a | ![]() |
TsSKB-Progress | 46.3 m | 7,020 from Baikonur 6,830 from Plesetsk 7,150 from Vostochny[99] |
N/A | 4,450 to SSO[100] | Expendable | 65[101][100][102] | 2006[m] | 2024 | |
Soyuz-2.1b | ![]() |
TsSKB-Progress | 46.3 m | 8,200 from Baikonur 7,850 from Plesetsk 8,320 from Vostochny[99] |
3,060[104] | 4,900 to SSO[104] | Expendable | 71[105][104] | 2006 | 2024 | |
Soyuz-2.1v | ![]() |
TsSKB-Progress | 44 m | 2,800[106] | N/A | 1,400 to SSO 2,630 to polar[106] | Expendable | 12[106] | 2013 | 2024 | |
Starship[107] | ![]() |
SpaceX | 121 m | 40,000[108] - 50,000 | N/A | N/A | Fully reusable | 3 | 2023 | 2024 | |
SLS Block 1 | ![]() |
NASA Boeing Northrop Grumman |
98 m | 95,000[109] | N/A | 27,000+ to TLI[109] | Expendable | 1[110] | 2022[111] | 2022 | |
SSLV | ![]() |
ISRO | 34 m | 500[112] | N/A | 300 to SSO[112] | Expendable | 2[113] | 2022 | 2023 | |
Tianlong-2 | ![]() |
Space Pioneer | 32.8 m | 2,000[114] | N/A | 1,500 to SSO[114] | Expendable | 1[114] | 2023 | 2023 | |
Vega | ![]() ![]() |
ArianeGroupAvio | 31 m | 2,300[115] | N/A | 1,330 to SSO[116]
1,500 to polar[117] |
Expendable | 21[118] | 2012 | 2023 | |
Vega-C | ![]() ![]() |
ArianeGroupAvio | 36.2 m | 3,300[119] | N/A | 2,200 to SSO 2,300 to polar[119] | Expendable | 2[120] | 2022 | 2022 | |
Vulcan Centaur VC2 | ![]() |
ULA | 61.6 m | 19,000[121] | 8,400[121] | 2,600 to GEO
15,200 to polar 6,300 to TLI[121] |
Expendable | 1[122] | 2024 | 2024 | |
Zhuque-2 | ![]() |
LandSpace | 49.5 m | 6,000[123] | N/A | 4,000 to SSO[123] | Expendable | 3[123] | 2022[124] | 2023 |
Upcoming launch vehicles
Vehicle | Origin | Manufacturer | Height | Payload mass to ... (kg) | Reusable / Expendable | Launch Site (s) | Date of first flight | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEO | GTO | Other | |||||||
Agnibaan | ![]() |
AgniKul Cosmos | 18 m | 150 | N/A | 90 to SSO | Expendable | 2025 | |
Angara A5 / KVTK | ![]() |
Khrunichev | TBA | TBA | 7,500 | N/A | Expendable | 2020s | |
Angara A5M | ![]() |
Khrunichev | TBA | 26,800 | 4,100-5,200 | N/A | Expendable | 2020s | |
Angara A5P | ![]() |
Khrunichev | TBA | 18,800 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2028 | |
Antares 330 | ![]() |
Northrop Grumman | 47 m | 10,800[125] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2025 | |
Ariane 6 A62 | ![]() |
ArianeGroup | 63 m | 10,350[126]: 45 | 5,000[126]: 33 | 6,450 to SSO 3,000 to HEO 3,000 to TLI [126]: 40–49 |
Expendable | 2024[127] | |
Ariane 6 A64 | ![]() |
ArianeGroup | 63 m | 21,650[126]: 46 | 11,500+ [126]: 33 | 14,900 to SSO 5,000 to GEO 8,400 to HEO 8,500 to TLI [126]: 40–49 |
Expendable | 2024[127] | |
Aurora | ![]() |
Reaction Dynamics | 18 m | 200 | N/A | TBA | Expendable | 2025 | |
Aventura 1 | ![]() |
TLON Space | 10 m | 25 | N/A | N/A | TBA | 2025 | |
Blue Whale 1 | ![]() |
Perigee Aerospace | 21 m | 165[128] | N/A | 185 to SSO | Partially reusable | 2024 | |
195[128] | 220 to SSO | Expendable | |||||||
Cosmos | ![]() |
SR space | 18.5 m | 390 | N/A | 310 to SSO | TBA | TBA | |
Cyclone-4M | ![]() |
Yuzhnoye Yuzhmash |
38.7 m | 5,000[130] | 1,000[131] | 3,350 to SSO[130] | Expendable | 2025[132] | |
Dauntless | ![]() |
Vaya Space | 35 m | 1,100[133] | N/A | 600 to SSO | Expendable |
|
2026[133] |
Daytona I | ![]() |
Phantom Space | 18 m | 180 | N/A | 53 to SSO | Expendable | 2025[134] | |
Epsilon S | ![]() |
JAXA | 27.2 m | 1,400 | N/A | 600 to SSO | Expendable | 2024 | |
Eris Block 1 | ![]() |
Gilmour Space Technologies | 25 m | 305[135] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2024[136] | |
Gravity-2 | ![]() |
Orienspace | 60 m | 8,600 - 16,000 | 5,800 | 10,900 to SSO | Partially reusable | 2024 | |
Hanbit-Nano | ![]() |
Innospace | 17 m[137] | 150 | N/A | 90 | Expendable | 2024 | |
Hyperbola-3 | ![]() |
i-Space | 69 m | 8,500 | N/A | N/A | Partially reusable | 2025[138] | |
13,400 | Expendable | ||||||||
H3-22L | ![]() |
Mitsubishi | 63 m | N/A[31] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2020s | |
H3-24L | ![]() |
Mitsubishi | 63 m | TBA | TBA | > 6,500 to TLI | Expendable | 2024 | |
H3-30S | ![]() |
Mitsubishi | 57 m | N/A[31] | N/A | 4,000 to SSO | Expendable | 2024 | |
Jielong 4 | ![]() |
CALT | TBA | TBA | N/A | TBA | Expendable | TBA | 2024 |
KSLV-III | ![]() |
KARI | 54 m | 10,000 | 3,500 | 7,000 to SSO
1,800 to TLI |
Expendable | 2030 | |
Long March 8A | ![]() |
CALT | 50.3 m | TBA | 6,800 to SSO | N/A | Expendable | 2024 | |
Long March 9 | ![]() |
CALT | 114 m | 80,000 - 150,000[139] | 66,000 | 53,000 to TLI[139] 40,000 to TMI[140] |
Partially/fully reusable | 2033 | |
Long March 10 | ![]() |
CALT | 89[b] - 93.2 m[c] | 70,000 | N/A | 27,000 to TLI | Expendable | 2027 | |
Long March 10A | ![]() |
CALT | 67 m | 14,000 | N/A | N/A | Partially reusable | >2027 | |
18,000 | Expendable | ||||||||
Long March 12 | ![]() |
CALT | 59 m | 10,000 | N/A | 6,000 to SSO | Expendable | 2024 | |
Maia | ![]() |
MaiaSpace | 50 m | TBA | N/A | N/A | Partially reusable | 2025 | |
Miura 5 | ![]() |
PLD Space | 35.7 m | 840 | N/A | 540 to SSO | Partially reusable | 2026[141] | |
MLV | ![]() |
Firefly Aerospace | 55.7 m | 16,000 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2025[142] | |
Nebula-1 | ![]() |
Deep Blue Aerospace | TBA | 1,000 | N/A | N/A | Partially reusable | 2024[143] | |
Nebula-2 | ![]() |
Deep Blue Aerospace | TBA | 20,000 | N/A | N/A | Partially reusable | 2025[143] | |
Neutron | ![]() ![]() |
Rocket Lab | 42.8 m | 8,000[d] - 13,000 | N/A | N/A | Partially reusable | 2024[144] | |
15,000 | Expendable | ||||||||
New Glenn | ![]() |
Blue Origin | 98 m | 45,000[145] | 13,000 | N/A | Partially reusable | 2024 | |
NGLV LEO | ![]() |
ISRO | 88 m | 7,700[e] | N/A | N/A | Partially reusable | TBA | |
9,900 | Partially reusable | ||||||||
16,900 | Expendable | ||||||||
NGLV GEO | ![]() |
ISRO | 92 m | N/A | 5,200 | N/A | Partially reusable | TBA | |
25,000 | 8,900 | Expendable | |||||||
Nova | ![]() |
Stoke Space | 28.5 m | 1,500 | N/A | N/A | Fully reusable | TBA | |
OB-1 Mk1 | ![]() |
HyPrSapce | 11 m | 200 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2026[146] | |
Pallas-1 | ![]() |
Galactic Energy | 42 m | 5,000 | N/A | 3,000 to SSO | Partially reusable | 2024[147] | |
Prime | ![]() |
Orbex | 19 m | 180 | N/A | 100 to SSO[f][148] | Expendable | 2024 | |
RFA One | ![]() |
RFA | 30 m | 1,600[149] | 450[149] | 1,300 to SSO | Expendable | 2024[150] | |
Rocket 4 | ![]() |
Astra | 18.9 m | 500 | N/A | 350 to SSO | Expendable | 2024 | |
Rokot-M | ![]() |
Khrunichev | TBA | 1,950 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2024 | |
RS1 B2 | ![]() |
ABL Space Systems | 27 m | 1,350[151] | 400 | 975 to SSO 750 to MEO |
Expendable | 2024 | |
ŞİMŞEK-1 | ![]() |
Roketsan | TBA | 400 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2027 | |
Siraya | ![]() |
TASA | 25 m | 200 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | TBD | TBA |
Sirius 1 | ![]() |
Sirius Space | 24.7 m | TBA | N/A | 175 to SSO | Expendable | TBD | 2025 |
Skyrora XL | ![]() |
Skyrora | 22.7 m | 315 | N/A | 315 to SSO[152] | Expendable | 2024 | |
GYUB[153] | ![]() |
MND | 26.8 m | 1,500 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | TBA | |
SLS Block 1B[g] | ![]() |
NASA / Boeing Northrop Grumman |
111 m | 105,000[154] | N/A | 37,000 to TLI[155] | Expendable | 2028 | |
SLS Block 2[h] | ![]() |
NASA / Boeing Northrop Grumman |
111 m | 130,000[156] | N/A | 45,000 to HCO[155] | Expendable | 2033 | |
SL1 | ![]() |
HyImpulse | 30 m | 500 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2025 | |
Soyuz-5 (Irtysh) | ![]() |
TsSKB-Progress RSC Energia |
61.87 m | 18,000[157] | N/A | 2,500 to GEO | Expendable | 2025[158] | |
Soyuz-7 (Amur) | ![]() |
JSC SRC Progress | 55 m | 10,500[159] | 2,600 | 4,700 to SSO | Partially reusable | 2028 | |
13,600[159] | Expendable | ||||||||
Spectrum | ![]() |
Isar Aerospace | 28 m | 1,000[160] | N/A | 700 to SSO[160] | Expendable | 2025[161] | |
Terran R | ![]() |
Relativity Space | 82 m | 23,500 | 5,500[162] | N/A | Partially reusable | 2026[162] | |
33,500 | Expendable | ||||||||
Tianlong-3 | ![]() |
Space Pioneer | 71 m | 17,000 | N/A | 14,000 to SSO | Partially reusable | 2024[143] | |
Tronador II-250 | ![]() |
CONAE | 27 m | 500 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2030 | |
Vega-E | ![]() |
ESA ASI | 36.2 m | 3,000[163] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2026 | |
Vikram 1[164] | ![]() |
Skyroot Aerospace[165] | 20 m | 315 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO | N/A | 200 to 500 km SSPO | Expendable | 2024 | |
Vikram 2[164] | ![]() |
Skyroot Aerospace | TBA | 520 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO | N/A | 410 to 500 km SSPO | Expendable | TBA | |
Vikram 3[164] | ![]() |
Skyroot Aerospace | TBA | 720 to 45º inclination 500 km LEO | N/A | 580 to 500 km SSPO | Expendable | TBA | |
Volans V500 | ![]() |
Equatorial Space Systems | TBA | 150 | N/A | N/A | Expendable | TBA | 2026 |
Vulcan Centaur VC0 | ![]() |
ULA | 61.6 m | 10,800 | 3,500 | 2,300 to TLI | Expendable | 2020s | |
Vulcan Centaur VC4 | ![]() |
ULA | 61.6 m | 24,600 | 11,700 | 4,900 to GEO 9,200 to TLI |
Expendable | 2024 | |
Vulcan Centaur VC6 | ![]() |
ULA | 61.6 m | 27,200[166] | 14,400[166] | 6,500 to GEO 11,500 to TLI |
Expendable | 2020s | |
Zephyr | ![]() |
Latitude | 19 m | 100 | N/A | 80 to SSO | Expendable | 2025 | |
Zero | ![]() |
Interstellar Technologies | 32 m | 800 | N/A | 250 to SSO | Expendable | 2025 | |
Zhuque-3 | ![]() |
LandSpace | 76.6 m | 12,500 (RTLS)[143] | TBA | TBA | Partially reusable | 2025[143] | |
18,300 (barge)[143] | Partially reusable | ||||||||
21,000[167] | Expendable | ||||||||
Zuljanah | ![]() |
Iranian Space Agency | 25.5 m | 220[168] | N/A | N/A | Expendable | 2020s |
Main article: Comparison of retired orbital launch systems |
The following chart shows the number of launch systems developed in each country, and broken down by operational status. Rocket variants are not distinguished; i.e., the Atlas V series is only counted once for all its configurations 401–431, 501–551, 552, and N22.