Dorothea Sophie of Pfalz-Neuburg (July 5 1670 - September 15 1748) was the sixth daughter of Philipp Wilhelm, Elector Palatine.

She married Odoardo II Farnese on May 17 1690, heir to the throne of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza.

In their three years of marriage, they had two children :

• Alessandro Ignazio (December 6, 1691 - August 5, 1693),
• Elisabeth of Parma (October 25, 1692 - July 11, 1766), who married in 1714 King Philip V of Spain. Amongst her descendants is the present King of Spain Juan Carlos I.

Odoardo died on September 6, 1693, only a month after the death of their son.
Dorothea Sophie remarried on December 8, 1695 Odoardo's half-brother Francesco Farnese, who had become Duke when his father had died in 1694.

This marriage remained childless. When Francesco died in 1727 and his only remaining brother Antonio also died childless in 1731, the Duchy of Parma went to Dorothea Sophie's grandchild, the 16-year-old Charles III of Spain.
Dorothea Sophie became regent until 1735, when the Duchy was ceded to Austria after the War of the Polish Succession.