David Harold Blackwell
Blackwell in 1999
Born(1919-04-24)April 24, 1919
Centralia, Illinois,
United States
DiedJuly 8, 2010(2010-07-08) (aged 91)[1]
Berkeley, California
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Known forRao–Blackwell theorem
Blackwell channel
Blackwell's approachability theory
Arbitrarily varying channel
Games of imperfect information
Dirichlet distribution
Mathematical economics
Recursive economics
Sequential analysis
Optimal searching in boxes
Scientific career
FieldsStatistician
InstitutionsUniversity of California, Berkeley
Doctoral advisorJoseph Leo Doob
Notable studentsRoger J-B Wets
Richard S. Bucy

David Harold Blackwell (April 24, 1919 – July 8, 2010) was Professor Emeritus of Statistics at the University of California, Berkeley, and is one of the eponyms of the Rao–Blackwell theorem.[2] Born in Centralia, Illinois, he was the first African American inducted into the National Academy of Sciences, and the first black tenured faculty member at UC Berkeley.[1][3]

Childhood

David Harold Blackwell was born on April 24, 1919, in Centralia, Illinois, to a full-time homemaker and an Illinois Central Railroad worker. David Blackwell got his mathematical abilities from his paternal grandfather, a schoolteacher in Tennessee.[4] Growing up in an integrated community, Blackwell attended “mixed” schools, where he distinguished himself in mathematics. During elementary school, his teachers promoted him beyond his grade level on two occasions. It was in a high school geometry course, however, that he started his passion for math.[5] In fact, as an exceptional student, David Blackwell graduated high school at the early age of sixteen.[4]

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At the University of Illinois and the Institute for Advanced Study

Blackwell entered the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with the intent to study elementary school mathematics. In 1938 he earned his bachelor's degree in mathematics, a master's degree in 1939, and was awarded a PhD in mathematics in 1941 at the age of 22, all by the University of Illinois.[4][6][7]

He did a year of post-doctoral studies as a fellow at Institute for Advanced Study in 1941–42.[8] At the Institute, he met John von Neumann and von Neumann asked Blackwell to discuss his Ph.D. thesis with him.[9] Blackwell, who believed that von Neumann was just being polite and not genuinely interested in his work, did not approach him until von Neumann himself asked him again a few months later. According to Blackwell on this meeting, "He (von Neumann) listened to me talk about this rather obscure subject and in ten minutes he knew more about it than I did."[10] He departed when he was prevented from attending lectures or undertaking research at nearby Princeton University (which the IAS has historically collaborated with in research and scholarship activities[11]) because of his race.[7]

Career

Seeking a permanent position, he wrote letters of application to 105 Historically Black Colleges and Universities; he felt at the time that a black teacher would be limited to teaching only at black colleges.[12] He also sought a position at the University of California, Berkeley, and was interviewed by statistician Jerzy Neyman. While Neyman supported his appointment, race-based objections prevented his appointment at that time. He was offered a post at Southern University at Baton Rouge, which he held in 1942–43, followed by a year as an Instructor at Clark College in Atlanta. He then moved to Howard University in 1944 and within three years was appointed full professor and head of the Mathematics Department.[7] He remained at Howard until 1954.

He took a position at University of California Berkeley as a visiting professor in 1954, and was hired by UC Berkeley as a full professor in the newly created Statistics Department in 1955, becoming the Statistics department chair in 1956.[7][13] He spent the rest of his career at UC Berkeley, retiring in 1988.[7]

Blackwell was also a pioneer in textbook writing and game theory. Blackwell wrote one of the first Bayesian textbooks, his 1969 Basic Statistics.[14]

Blackwell was also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity (Tau chapter – University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign).

Death

David Blackwell died of complications from a stroke on July 08, 2010 at Alta Bates Summit Medical Center in Berkeley, California.[15]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2017)

Quotation

I've worked in so many areas—I'm sort of a dilettante. Basically, I'm not interested in doing research and I never have been. I'm interested in understanding, which is quite a different thing. And often to understand something you have to work it out yourself because no one else has done it. — David Blackwell

Don't worry about the overall importance of the problem; work on it if it looks interesting. I think there's a sufficient correlation between interest and importance.

— David Blackwell

[4]

Honors and awards

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Sorkin, Michael (July 14, 2010). "David Blackwell fought racism; become world-famous statistician". Saint Louis Post-Dispatch.
  2. ^ Roussas, G.G. et al. (2011) A Tribute to David Blackwell, NAMS 58(7), 912–928.
  3. ^ Cattau, Daniel (July 2009). "David Blackwell 'Superstar'". Illinois Alumni. University of Illinois Alumni Association. pp. 32–34.
  4. ^ a b c d C., Bruno, Leonard (2003) [1999]. Math and mathematicians : the history of math discoveries around the world. Baker, Lawrence W. Detroit, Mich.: U X L. ISBN 0787638137. OCLC 41497065.((cite book)): CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ "Blackwell, David Harold (1919-2010) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed". www.blackpast.org. Retrieved 2017-09-26.
  6. ^ James H. Kessler, J. S. Kidd, Renee A. Kidd. Katherine A. Morin (1996), Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20th Century, Greenwood, ISBN 0-89774-955-3((citation)): CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ a b c d e Grime, David (July 17, 2007). "David Blackwell, Scholar of Probability, Dies at 91". New York Times. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
  8. ^ Institute for Advanced Study: A Community of Scholars
  9. ^ Gary Musser, Lynn Trimpe; Gary Musser; Lynn Trimpe (2007). Harold R. Parks (ed.). A Mathematical View of Our World. Cengage Learning. p. 32. ISBN 9780495010616.
  10. ^ Steven Krantz (2005). Mathematical Apocrypha Redux: More Stories and Anecdotes of Mathematicians and the Mathematical. Cambridge University Press. p. 225. ISBN 9780883855546.
  11. ^ "Mission and History". Institute for Advances Studies.
  12. ^ Donald J. Albers (2008), "David Blackwell", Mathematical People: Profiles and Interviews (2 ed.), A K Peters, ISBN 1-56881-340-6 ((citation)): Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ Morris H. DeGroot (1986), "A conversation with David Blackwell", Statistical Science, 1 (1): 40–53, doi:10.1214/ss/1177013814
  14. ^ Blackwell's Basic Statistics inspired the 1995 textbook Statistics: A Bayesian Approach by the biostatician Donald Berry.
  15. ^ Brown, Emma (2010-07-16). "David H. Blackwell dies at 91; pioneering statistician at Howard and Berkeley". ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2017-09-26.
  16. ^ University of California, Berkeley (2015), "List of recipients". Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  17. ^ http://nationalmedals.org/laureates/david-blackwell
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