Elsie Clews Parsons
Parsons aboard her schooner, the Malabar V.
Born	(1875-11-27)November 27, 1875 New York City
Died	(1941-12-19)December 19, 1941 New York City
Education	Ph.D. in Sociology, Columbia University (1899)
Occupation	Anthropologist
Spouse	Herbert Parsons
Children	Elsie ("Lissa", 1901) John Edward (1903) Herbert (1909) Henry McIlvaine ("Mac", 1911)[1]
Parent(s)	Henry Clews, Lucy Madison Worthington

Elsie Worthington Clews Parsons (November 27, 1875 – December 19, 1941) was an American anthropologist, sociologist, folklorist, and feminist who studied Native American tribes—such as the Tewa and Hopi—in Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico. She helped found The New School.^[2] She was associate editor for The Journal of American Folklore (1918–1941), president of the American Folklore Society (1919–1920), president of the American Ethnological Society (1923–1925), and was elected the first female president of the American Anthropological Association (1941) right before her death.^[3][4][5]

She earned her bachelor's degree from Barnard College in 1896.^[6] She received her master’s degree (1897) and Ph.D. (1899) from Columbia University.^[3]

Every other year, the American Ethnological Society awards the Elsie Clews Parsons Prize for the best graduate student essay, in her honor.^[7][8]

Parsons was the daughter of Henry Clews, a wealthy New York banker, and Lucy Madison Worthington. Her brother, Henry Clews Jr., was an artist. On September 1, 1900, in Newport, Rhode Island,^[9] she married future three-term progressive Republican congressman Herbert Parsons, an associate and political ally of President Teddy Roosevelt.^[10] When her husband was a member of Congress, she published two then-controversial books under the pseudonym John Main.^[11]

Parsons became interested in anthropology in 1910.^[4] She believed that folklore was a key to understanding a culture and that anthropology could be a vehicle for social change.^[12]

Her work Pueblo Indian Religion is considered a classic; here she gathered all her previous extensive work and that of other authors.^[13] It is, however, marred by intrusive and deceptive research techniques.^[14]

She is, however, pointed to by current critical scholars as an archetypical example of an "Antimodern Feminist" thinker, known for their infatuation with Native American Indians that often manifested as a desire to preserve a "traditional" and "pure" Indian identity, irrespective of how Native Peoples themselves approached issues of modernization or cultural change. Grande (2004, p. 134)^{[citation needed]} argues that her racist and objectivizing tendencies towards indigenous peoples of the Americas is evidenced, for example, by her willingness to change her name and appropriate a Hopi "identity" primarily to increase her access to research sites and participants (Jacobs 1999, p. 102).^[15]

Parsons feminist beliefs were viewed as extremely radical for her time. She was a proponent of trial marriages, divorce by mutual consent and access to reliable contraception, which she wrote about in her book The Family (1906).^[16] She also wrote about the effects society had on the growth of individuals, and more precisely the effect of gender role expectations and how they stifle individual growth for both women and men. The Family (1906) was met with such back-lash she published her second book Religious Chastity (1913) under the pseudonym "John Main" as to not affect her husband, Herbert Parsons political career. Her ideas where so far ahead that only after her death did they begin to be discussed. This has led to her becoming recognized as one of the early pioneers of the feminist movement. Her writings and her lifestyle challenged conventional gender roles at the time and helped spark the conversation for gender equality.

• The Family (1906)
• Religious Chastity (1913)
• The Old-Fashioned Woman (1913)
• Fear and Conventionality (1914)
  • Parsons, Elsie Clews (1997). Fear and Conventionality. University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-64746-3.
• Social Freedom (1915)
• Social Rule (1916)

• The Social Organization of the Tewa of New Mexico (1929)
• Hopi and Zuni Ceremonialism (1933)
• Pueblo Indian Religion (1939)

• Mitla: Town of the Souls (1936)
• Peguche (1945)

• Folk-Lore from the Cape Verde Islands (1923)
• Folk-Lore of the Sea Islands, S.C. (1924)
• Folk-Lore of the Antilles, French and English (3v., 1933–1943)

• Parsons, Elsie Clews (1992). North American Indian Life: Customs and Traditions of 23 Tribes. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-27377-8.
• Parsons, Elsie Clews (1996). Taos Tales. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-28974-8.
• Parsons, Elsie Clews (1994). Tewa Tales. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0-8165-1452-6.
• Parsons, Elsie Clews (1996). Pueblo Indian Religion. 2 vols. Introductions by Ramon Gutierrez and Pauline Turner Strong. Bison Books reprint. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.

• Ruth Benedict
• Franz Boas
• Cape Verdean Creole
• Château de la Napoule
• History of feminism
• List of Barnard College people
• Zora Neale Hurston
• Mabel Dodge Luhan
• Margaret Mead
• Pueblo clown
• Taos Pueblo

• Poling-Kempes, Lesley (2015). Ladies of the Canyons A League of Extraordinary Women and Their Adventures in the American Southwest. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0-8165-2494-5.
• Adams, William Y. (2016-09-02). The Boasians: Founding Fathers and Mothers of American Anthropology. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7618-6803-3.
• Deacon, Desley (1999). Elsie Clews Parsons: Inventing Modern Life. University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-13908-1.
• Hare, Peter H. (1985). A Woman's Quest for Science: A Portrait of Anthropologist Elsie Clews Parsons. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-0-87975-274-3.
• Spier, Leslie; Kroeber, A. L. (1943). "Elsie Clews Parsons". American Anthropologist. 45 (2): 244–255. doi:10.1525/aa.1943.45.2.02a00090. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 663274.
• Zumwalt, Rosemary Lévy (1992). Wealth and Rebellion: Elsie Clews Parsons, Anthropologist and Folklorist. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-01909-8.

Wikisource has original works by or about:
Elsie Clews Parsons

• Elsie Clews Parsons Papers at the American Philosophical Society
• Elsie Clews Parsons, The Journal of a Feminist by Professor Catherine Lavender, City University of New York
• Elsie Clews Parsons, Minnesota State University, Mankato
• Stacy A. Cordery. "Review of Desley Deacon, Elsie Clews Parsons: Inventing Modern Life," H-Women, H-Net Reviews, November, 1998.
• Working Woman by Tanya Luhrmann, The New York Times

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