50°50′43″N 4°23′25″E / 50.84528°N 4.39028°E
European Union Military Staff | |
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Active | 2004–present |
Allegiance | European Union |
Type | Military staff |
Role | Supervises CSDP operations, provides strategic advice to the High Representative, reports to the EUMC. |
Size | 200+ personnel |
Part of | European External Action Service |
Location | Avenue de Cortenbergh 150, Brussels, Belgium |
Website | europa.eu |
Commanders | |
High Repr. | Josep Borrell |
Director General | Lieutenant General Michiel van der Laan |
Deputy Director General | Major General Giovanni Manione |
The Military Staff of the European Union (EUMS) is the directorate-general of the European Union's (EU) External Action Service (EEAS) that contributes to the EU's Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) by providing strategic advice to the High Representative (HR/VP) and commanding operations through its Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) operational headquarters. From the end of 2020, the MPCC will be capable of running executive operations of up to 2,500 troops, i.e. the size of one EU battle group, as well as 3 non-executive missions.[1]
The EUMS also reports to the European Union Military Committee (EUMC), representing member states' Chiefs of Defence, and performs "early warning", situation assessment and strategic planning.
The EUMS currently consists of 200+ military and civilian personnel, and is located in the Kortenberg building in Brussels.
The Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) was introduced as a pillar of the EU by the Treaty of Maastricht in 1993, based on the earlier 1970 European Political Cooperation (EPC). The CFSP was to include ‘all questions related to the security of the Union, including the eventual framing of a common defence policy, which might in time lead to a common defence’.
In December 1998 the Franco-British Saint-Malo declaration stated that the EU ‘must have the capacity for autonomous action, backed up by credible military forces, the means to decide to use them, and a readiness to do so, in order to respond to international crises’. This marked a British change of course, as it previously had blocked any development of EU autonomous military capabilities.
At the European Council in Cologne in June 1999 the European Security and Defence Identity (ESDI) - formed in 1996 as a project between Western European Union's (WEU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) - was transferred to the EU and renamed the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP). The main goal of this newly established CSDP was to deal with crisis management outside EU territory.
In 2000 and 2001 a number of Council bodies were established as part of the ESDP:
In 2003 the Treaty of Nice provided the ESDP's legal foundation, in terms of competences, organisation, structures and assets.
Upon the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009 the EUMS was transferred from the Council's General Secretariat to become a Directorate-General (DG) of the newly established European External Action Service (EEAS) - the EU's diplomatic service, a hybrid Council-Commission body resulting from a merger of the external relations departments of the Council and relevant international relations departments of the European Commission.
In 2016 European Union Global Strategy was presented by HR Federica Mogherini and welcomed by the European Council. The implementation of this strategy in the field of CSDP has included the establishment of the Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC), which gives the EUMS the role of commanding operations directly.
The EUMS performs a supervisory function in relation to Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) operations:
The EUMS has supervised a number of deployments since its establishment.
The relationship between the High Representative, the Military Staff and Military Committee as of November 2017:[2]
Colour key:
High Representative (a Vice-President of the Commission)
Military Committee (EUMC; a Council body)
Military Staff (EUMS; a Directorate-General of the External Action Service)
High Representative | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chairman EUMC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Working Group | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Working Group/Headline Goal Task Force | Director General EUMS/ Director MPCC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Legal advisor | Deputy Director General | Horizontal Coordination | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assistant Chief of Staff for Synchronisation | EU cell at SHAPE | EU Liaison at the UN in NY | Assistant Chief of Staff for External Relations | NATO Permanent Liaison Team | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concepts & Capabilities Directorate | Intelligence Directorate | Operations Directorate | Logistics Directorate | Communications & Information Systems Directorate | Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC)
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The EUMS is a Directorate-General of the External Action Service (EADS) that is located in the Kortenberg building in Brussels and currently consists of 200+ military and civilian personnel.
The EUMS is led by the Director General (DGEUMS, a three-star general).[3]
Since 2017 DGEUMS has also served as Director of the Military Planning and Conduct Capability, and as such assumes the function of the single commander for all non-executive military missions, exercising command and control over the current three training Missions and other possible future non-executive military Missions.
DGEUMS is assisted by the Deputy Director General and the Chef of Staff (DDG/COS, a two-star general).[3]
The Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) is an EUMS facility that provides a permanent operational headquarters at the military strategic level for military operations. The MPCC reports to the Political and Security Committee (PSC) and informing the European Union Military Committee (EUMC).[4]
Presently the MPCC may only run non-executive operations. By the end of 2020 the MPCC will also be capable of running executive operations of up to 2500 troops, i.e. the size of one battle group.[5]
The MPCC cooperates with its existing civilian counterpart, the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC), through a Joint Support Coordination Cell (JSCC).
The EUMS has five directorates, each led by a one-star commander.[3]
The Concepts and Capabilities Directorate (CON/CAP) is responsible for EUMS concepts, doctrine and the planning and development of capabilities including crisis management exercises, training, analysis and lessons learned, and for cooperation with the European Defence Agency (EDA), ensuring coherency between the EU military concepts and the crisis management procedures.[6]
The Intelligence Directorate (INT) has the following tasks:[6]
The Operations Directorate (OPS) has the following tasks:[6]
The Logistics Directorate (LOG) provides administrative support, logistic planning expertise, logistic concepts, doctrine related to crisis response planning. LOG also assesses operations and exercises.[6]
The Communication and Information Systems Directorate (CIS) has the following tasks:[6]
Other units at the EUMS include:[6]
The EU command and control (C2) structure is directed by political bodies composed of member states' representatives, and generally requires unanimous decisions. As of April 2019:[7]
Political strategic level:[5] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ISS | EUCO Pres. (EUCO) | Chain of command | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Coordination/support | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SatCen | CIVCOM | HR/VP (FAC) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
INTCEN | HR/VP (PMG) | HR/VP (PSC)[6] | CEUMC (EUMC) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CMPD | DGEUMS[3] (EUMS) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Military/civilian strategic level: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dir MPCC[3] (MPCC) | JSCC | Civ OpCdr CPCC[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operational level: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MFCdr[4] (MFHQ) | HoM[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tactical level: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CC[2] Land | CC[2] Air | CC[2] Mar | Other CCs[2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Forces | Forces | Forces | Forces | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leadership | |||||||||||
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Structure |
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Policies | |||||||||||
Equipment | |||||||||||
Decorations | |||||||||||
Related |
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