Ali (Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib ) (علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب ) (599 – 661) was an early Islamic leader. He is revered by Sunni Muslims as the last of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs and as a foremost religious authority on the Qur'an and Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). Shi'a Muslims consider him the First Imam appointed by the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the first rightful caliph . Ali was the cousin of Muhammad, and after marriage to Fatimah he also became Muhammad's son-in-law.
His father was Abu Talib and his mother was Fatima bint Asad , but he was raised in the household of Muhammad, who himself was raised by Abu Talib, Muhammad's uncle and Ali's father. When Muhammad reported receiving a divine revelation , Ali was the first child to accept his message and first to convert to Islam at the age of 12, dedicating his life to the cause of Islam.[1] [2] [3]
In Muslim culture , Ali is respected for his courage, knowledge, belief, honesty to Islam, deep loyalty to Muhammad, equal treatment of all Muslims and generosity in forgiving his defeated enemies, and therefore is central to mystical traditions in Islam such as Sufism . Ali retains his stature as an authority on Quranic exegesis , Islamic jurisprudence and religious thought.[4] Ali holds a high position in almost all Sufi orders which trace their lineage through him to Muhammad. Ali's influence has been important throughout Islamic history .
Family tree (graphical)
Family tree (textual)Paternal grand father: Shaiba ibn Hashim ('Abdul Muttalib ibn Hashim), see Family tree of Shaiba ibn Hashim
Paternal grand mother: Fatimah bint Amr Father: Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib
Mother: Fatima bint Asad
Brother: Ja`far ibn Abī Tālib
Nephew: Awn ibn Ja'far —
Nephew: Abdullah ibn Ja'far — married Zaynab bint Ali
Grand Nephews: Aun ibn Abdillah and Muhammad ibn Abdillah — died at the Battle of Karbala
Brother: Aqeel ibn Abi Talib
Nephew: Muslim ibn Aqeel — died before the Battle of Karbala
Grand Nephews: Muhammad ibn Muslim and Ibraheem ibn Muslim — died before the Battle of Karbala
Brother: Talib ibn Abu Talib
Sister: Fakhitah bint Abi Talib
Sister: Jumanah bint Abi Talib Himself : Ali Father in law: Muhammad , see Family tree of Muhammad [5]
Wife: Fatimah — daughter of Muhammad
Daughter: Zaynab bint Ali — survived the Battle of Karbala
Daughter: Umm Kulthum bint Ali - Wife of Umar, second Caliph of Rashidun Caliphate[6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]
Son: Muhsin ibn Ali — died before birth (Shia ) or during infancy (Sunni )
Son: Hasan ibn Ali — died by poison during the reign of Muawiyah
Grandson: Qasim ibn Hasan — died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Meesam ibn Hasan died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Abdullah ibn Hasan died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Sayyid al-Hasan al-Muthanna
Grand daughter: Fatimah bint al-Hasan
Great Grandson: Abdallah ibn Hasan al-Muthanna
Great Great Grandson: Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya
Son: Husayn ibn Ali — died at the Battle of Karbala, see also Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali
Grand daughter: Sukayna bint Husayn — survived the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn — died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn — died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Zayn al-Abidin — only male that survived the Battle of Karbala
Great grandson: Muhammad al-Baqir
Great grandson: Zayd ibn Ali Wife: Umamah bint Zainab
Son: Hilal ibn Ali Wife: Umm ul-Banin — which means mother of many sons her real name Fatima bint Hizam al-Qilabiyya.
Son: Al-Abbas ibn Ali — died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Ubaydullah ibn al-Abbas
Grandson: Al-Fadl ibn al-Abbas — died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Qasim ibn al-Abbas — died at the Battle of Karbala
Son: Abdullah ibn Ali — died at the Battle of Karbala
Son: Jafar ibn Ali — died at the Battle of Karbala
Son: Musa ibn Ali — died at the Battle of Karbala
Daughter: Ruqayyah bint Ali — departed to Sub-continent after the Battle of Karbala Wife: Leila bint Masoud
Son: Ubaid Allah bin Ali
Son: Abi Bakr bin Ali Wife: Khawlah bint Ja'far
Son: Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah Wife: Asma bint Umays
Son: Yahya bin Ali d:61H
Son: Muhammad Al Asgar ibn Ali — died at the Battle of Karbala
Step daughter: Umm Kulthum bint Abi Bakr
Step son: Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
Step son: Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr Paternal uncle: Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib Paternal uncle: Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib — father of Muhammad
Paternal aunt: Aminah bint Wahb — mother of Muhammad
Cousin: Muhammad
Cousin's daughter: Fatimah
Family tree of the descendants of Ali
See also
References
^ Tabatabaei 1979 , p. 191 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTabatabaei1979 (help )
^ Ashraf 2005 , p. 14 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAshraf2005 (help )
^ Diana, Steigerwald. "Alī ibn Abu Talib". Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world; vol.1 . MacMillan. ISBN 978-0-02-865604-5 .
^ Madelung 1997 , p. 309 and 310 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMadelung1997 (help )
^ Books, Happy. "Family Tree of Ali ibn Abi Taalib" . Happy Books. Retrieved 2 July 2011 .
^ Shustari, Qazi Nurullah. Majalis ul-Mo’mineen . pp. 85–89.
^ al-Murtaza, Sharif. Al-Shaafi . p. 116.
^ Al-Hadid, Hibatullah. Sharh Nahj ul-Balagha . Vol. 3. p. 124.
^ Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir. Bihar al-Anwar . p. 621.
^ Ardabili, Muqaddas. Hadiqat al-Shi’a . p. 277.
^ Shustari, Qazi Nurullah. Masa'ib un-Nawasib . p. 170.
^ Al-Amili, Zayn al-Din al-Juna'i. "Lawahiq-al-'Aqd". Masalik al-Ifham fi Sharh Shara-il-Islam . Vol. 1.
^ Qumi, Abbas. Muntahi al-Aamal . Vol. 1. p. 186.
^ Shahidi, Sayyed Ja'far. Life of Fatemeh Zahra(SA) . pp. 263–265.
^ Baqir, Muhammad. Mir'at ul-Uqool . Vol. 21. p. 199.
^ Al-Tusi, Nasir Al-Din. Al-Mabsoot . Vol. 4. p. 272.
^ Al-Yasin, Shaykh Radi. "1". Sulh al-Hasan . Jasim al-Rasheed. Qum: Ansariyan Publications. p. 4.
^ Madelung, "Al-Ukhaydir," p. 792