Floriano Peixoto | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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President of Brazil | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office 23 November 1891 – 15 November 1894 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vice President | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Deodoro da Fonseca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Prudente de Morais | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vice President of Brazil | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In office 26 February 1891 – 23 November 1891 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
President | Deodoro da Fonseca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | Office established | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Manuel Vitorino | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Born | Floriano Vieira Peixoto 30 April 1839 Maceió, Alagoas, Empire of Brazil | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Died | 29 June 1895 Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | (aged 56)||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Political party | Independent | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spouse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Children | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parents |
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Alma mater | Military School of Praia Vermelha | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nickname | "The Iron Marshal" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Military service | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allegiance | Empire of Brazil First Brazilian Republic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Branch/service | Imperial Brazilian Army Brazilian Army | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Years of service | 1857-1884 1885-1891 1894-1895 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rank | Marshal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commands |
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Battles/wars | Federalist Revolution Brazilian Naval Revolt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Floriano Vieira Peixoto (Portuguese pronunciation: [floɾiˈɐ̃nu viˈe(j)ɾɐ pe(j)ˈʃotu] 30 April 1839 – 29 June 1895), born in Ipioca (today a district of the city of Maceió in the State of Alagoas), nicknamed "The Iron Marshal",[1] was a Brazilian military and politician, a veteran of the Paraguayan War and several other conflicts, and the second president of Brazil.[2] He was the first vice president of Brazil to have succeeded the president mid-term.
Peixoto was an army marshal when elected vice president in February 1891, he gained notoriety throughout his life for his strong abolitionist, anti-racist and anti-corruption stance. In November 1891, he rose to the presidency after the resignation of Deodoro da Fonseca, the first president of Brazil. Peixoto came to the presidency in a difficult period of the new Brazilian Republic, which was in the midst of a general political and economic crisis made worse by the effects of the bursting of the Encilhamento economic bubble, but his policies successfully put an end to the successive economic crises that had plagued the country since 1889 and in a short period of time the economy stabilized and grew again. As vice president, he had also served as the President of the Senate.[3]
His government was marked by several revolutions and immense popular support. Peixoto defeated a naval officers' rebellion against him in 1893–1894 and the Federalist Revolution in the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná, with the use of strength during the same year to maintain territorial integrity.
His government was marked by an increased centralization of power, personalismo, republicanism, patriotism, nationalism and for the fervent criticism of monarchy, with the "Florianista" ("Florianismo") cult of personality being the first phenomenon of a favorable political expression towards a republican politician in Brazil.[4]
He is often referred to as "The Consolidator of the Republic", "The Iron Marshal". He left the presidency on 15 November 1894.
Nossa Senhora do Desterro, the capital of the state of Santa Catarina, was renamed Florianópolis after the defeat of the federalist rebels in the city by marshal Peixoto's troops at the end of the Federalist Revolution.
Media related to Floriano Peixoto at Wikimedia Commons
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