Bath and North East Somerset shown within Somerset and England Bath and North East Somerset (commonly referred to as BANES or B&NES) is a unitary authority created on 1 April 1996, following the abolition of the County of Avon , which had existed since 1974.[1] Part of the ceremonial county of Somerset , Bath and North East Somerset occupies an area of 220 square miles (570 km2 ), two-thirds of which is green belt .[2] It stretches from the outskirts of Bristol , south into the Mendip Hills and east to the southern Cotswold Hills and Wiltshire border.[2] The city of Bath is the principal settlement in the district, but BANES also covers Keynsham , Midsomer Norton , Radstock and the Chew Valley . The area has a population of 170,000, about half of whom live in Bath, making it 12 times more densely populated than the rest of the area.[2]
In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance; Grade I structures are those considered to be "buildings of exceptional interest".[3] Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947 . Once listed, strict limitations are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or fittings. In England, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 [4] rests with Historic England , a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport ; local authorities have a responsibility to regulate and enforce the planning regulations.
Bath and North East Somerset has 663 Grade I listed buildings, one of the highest concentrations in the country,[5] covered by about 120 Historic England listings. The oldest sites within Bath are the Roman Baths , for which the foundation piles and an irregular stone chamber lined with lead were built during the Roman occupation of Britain ,[6] [7] although the current building is from the 18th century.[8] Bath Abbey was a Norman church built on earlier foundations, although the present building dates from the early 16th century and shows a late Perpendicular style with flying buttresses and crocketed pinnacles decorating a crenellated and pierced parapet .[9] [10] [11] The medieval era is represented by the remains of the city walls in Upper Borough Walls .[12]
Most of Bath's Grade I listed buildings are made from the local golden-coloured Bath Stone , and date from the 18th and 19th centuries. Their dominant architectural style is Georgian ,[13] which evolved from the Palladian revival style that became popular during the early 18th century. This led to the entire city's designation as a World Heritage Site .[14] Much of the development, and many of the buildings, were the vision of John Wood, the Elder . The Circus is seen as the pinnacle of Wood's work: it consists of three long, curved terraces that form a circular space or theatre intended for civic functions and games. The games give a clue to the design, the inspiration for which was the Colosseum in Rome.[13] The best known of Bath's terraces is the Royal Crescent , built between 1767 and 1774 and designed by Wood's son, John Wood, the Younger .[15] Around 1770 the neoclassical architect Robert Adam designed Pulteney Bridge , a three-arched bridge spanning the Avon. He used as his prototype an original, but unused, design by Palladio for the Rialto Bridge in Venice .[16] The heart of the Georgian city was the Pump Room , which together with its associated Lower Assembly Rooms was designed by Thomas Baldwin , a local builder responsible for many other buildings in the city, including the terraces in Argyle Street .[17] Great Pulteney Street , where Baldwin eventually lived, is another of his works: this wide boulevard , constructed c. 1789 and over 1,000 feet (305 m) long and 100 feet (30 m) wide, is lined on both sides by Georgian terraces.[18]
Outside the city of Bath, most of the Grade I listed buildings are Norman or medieval -era churches, many of which are included in the Somerset towers , a collection of distinctive, mostly spireless , Gothic church towers. Manor houses such as Claverton Manor, which now houses the American Museum in Britain ,[19] and the 18th-century Newton Park , which has a landscape garden designed by Capability Brown , also appear in the list;[20] Newton Park now forms part of the Bath Spa University . Canal architecture includes Dundas Aqueduct and Claverton Pumping Station , both designed by John Rennie . The most recent building is the agricultural Eastwood Manor Farm Steading , completed in 1860.[21]
^ "The Avon (Structural Change) Order 1995" . Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO). Archived from the original on 30 January 2008. Retrieved 9 December 2007 .
^ a b c "About the area" . Bath and North East Somerset Council. Archived from the original on 4 November 2007. Retrieved 30 December 2007 .
^ "Listed Buildings" . Historic England. Archived from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017 .
^ "Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (c. 9)" . Ministry of Justice. Archived from the original on 18 April 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2007 .
^ "Owning a Listed Building" . Bath and North East Somerset Council. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010 .
^ "The History of Plumbing — Roman and English Legacy" . Plumbing World. Archived from the original on 11 November 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007 .
^ "City of Bath World Heritage Site Management Plan" . Bath and North East Somerset Council. Archived from the original on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007 .
^ a b Historic England . "The Roman Baths and site of Roman town (1004678)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ "A Building of Vertue" . Bath Past. Archived from the original on 10 May 2009. Retrieved 9 December 2007 .
^ "Bath Abbey" . Images of England . Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2007 .
^ Luxford, Julian M (2000). "In Dreams: The sculptural iconography of the west front of Bath Abbey reassessed". Religion and the Arts . 4 (3): 314–336. doi :10.1163/156852901750359103 .
^ a b Historic England. "Medieval City Wall, with burial ground (1395446)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ a b Gadd, David (1987). Georgian Summer . Bath: Countryside Books. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-239-00083-5 .
^ "City of Bath World Heritage Site Management Plan — Appendix 3" . Bath and North East Somerset Council. Archived from the original on 4 August 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007 .
^ a b Historic England. "1 to 30 Royal Crescent (1394736)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Manco, Jean (1995). "Pulteney Bridge". Architectural History . 38 : 129–145. doi :10.2307/1568625 . JSTOR 1568625 .
^ Colvin, Howard (1997). A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840 . New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07207-5 .
^ a b Historic England. "1-7 (Consec) Great Pulteney Street, 36 and 37 Henrietta Street, 4,5 and 6 Laura Place (1396180)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Scott, Shane (1995). The hidden places of Somerset . Aldermaston: Travel Publishing Ltd. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-1-902007-01-4 .
^ "Newton Park, Bath, England" . Parks & Gardens UK . Parks and Gardens Data Services Limited (PGDS). Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2013 .
^ a b Historic England. "Eastwood Manor Farm Steading (1129549)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "1 South Parade (1394987)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "1 to 8 Bath Street (1394178)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "1 Henrietta Street (1395995)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "1395789 (1395995)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "1-8 Johnstone Street (1395919)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 1-41 and attached area railings (1396090)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "No 1 and attached railings (1395400)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "1-14 (consec) with area railings (1395754)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "1-21, Paragon (1394239)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "2-5 Henrietta Street (1395996)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "No 2 and attached railings (1395411)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 3-13 and attached railings and overthrows (1395464)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "6 to 21 and attached railings and vaults (1395191)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "6-19 Henrietta Street (1395997)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "7-12 North Parade (1395790)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "8-20 Great Pulteney Street (1396183)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "9-13 South Parade (1394994)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "9-15 Johnstone Street (1395920)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "9 to 16 Bath Street (1394181)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "14 North Parade (1395795)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "14 South Parade (1394995)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "16-22 (consec) and attached railings (1394849)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "20-35 Henrietta Street (1395998)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "23-37 (consec) and attached railings (1394850)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "35 and 36, Stall Street (1395189)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "37 Stall Street (1395193)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "40 Great Pulteney Street (1396211)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "41A Great Pulteney Street (1396223)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "41 Gay Street (1395837)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "42-52 Great Pulteney Street (1396225)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "66-77 Great Pulteney Street (1396231)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Abbey Church of St Peter and St Paul (1394015)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "All Saints Church (1214256)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Archway (1394110)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Assembly Rooms (1394144)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Beckford's Tower with attached wall and railings (1394133)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 6 July 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Castle Keep in the Grounds of Newton Park (1129476)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Chapter House of Hinton Priory (1320809)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Church of All Saints (1129484)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Church of St Andrew (1129613)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Church of St Bartholomew (1129654)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Church of St James (1320783)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Church of St Julian (1115330)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Church of St Luke and St Andrew (1312703)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Church of St Margaret (1136547)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Church of St Mary Magdalene (1214262)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Church of St Michael and All Angels (1320751)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Church of St Paul, with west wing (1394133)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Church of St Peter (1129514)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Church of St Peter (1129441)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Circus House (1394142)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Claverton Manor (The American Museum) and screen walls to north and south (1214609)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Claverton Pumping Station (1214608)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 31 January 2021 .
^ Historic England. "Combe Hay Manor (1115363)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Delia's Grotto in garden of No. 14 (1395797)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 6 July 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Dundas Aqueduct (1215193)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "East wing and porte cochere (1394460)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Fountain at Widcombe Manor House (1394134)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Gatehouse, 35 m. to west of the Castle Keep (1136324)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Gate piers, gates and boundary walls to south of Widcombe Manor (1394135)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "General Wade's House (1394012)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 6 July 2015 .
^ Historic England. "George's Hotel (1394989)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 6 July 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Georgian House and attached railings (1395387)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Grand Pump Room (1394019)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Grosvenor House (1396094)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Guildhall (1396021)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Hinton Priory (1136191)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Keynsham Abbey, remains to the south of No.3 (No.3 not included) (1384577)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Keynsham Abbey pier base in the garden of No.3 (No.3 not included) (1384576)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "King's Bath (1395194)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 6 July 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Lodge of Partis College (1396315)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Midford Castle with former Offices and Coach-houses (1277079)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Newton Park, the Country House of the College only (1312838)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "North colonnade at Grand Pump Room (1395195)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "North Parade House (1395794)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "No 1 with railings, Queen Square (1394539)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "No 1A with railings, Queen Square (1394541)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 1-15 (consec) and attached railings (1394848)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 1-12 (consec) and attached railings and gates (1395298)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "No 2 with railings, Queen Square (1394544)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "No 3 with railings, Queen Square (1394547)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "No 4 (Alfred Hopkins House) with railings, Queen Square (1394549)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos (consec) and attached lamp standards to No 59, 53-65 Great Pulteney Street (1396226)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 1, 2 and 3 (1394773)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 1-20 (consec) and attached railings and overthrows (1394109)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos. 2-17 (consec) with attached railings (1395823)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos. 3, 4 and 5 and attached railings (1395390)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 5-11 (consec) Francis Hotel) (1394551)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 5-20 and attached walls and railings (1394986)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos. 6 to 11 (consec) and attached railings (1395394)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 7, 8 and 9 (1394783)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 10, 11 and 12 (1394786)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 12 and 13 and attached railings (1394555)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 14 and 15 and attached railings (1394559)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "18 Queen Square (1394564)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos. 18-30 (consec) with attached railings (1395825)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 18A, 19 and 20 and attached railings (1394566)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 18A, 19 and 20 and attached railings (1394567)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 21-27 (consec) and attached railings and gates (1396203)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 28-31 (consec) and attached railings and gates (1396204)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 32-34 (consec) and attached railings and gates (1396207)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 35-39 (consec) and attached railings and gates (1396209)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 38-45 (consec) and attached railings (1394851)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Nos 93-103 (consec) including attached forecourt and railings (1395300)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Palladian Bridge in the grounds of Prior Park (1394463)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Partis College (1396304)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Pratt's Hotel (1394992)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 6 July 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Prior Park College: The mansion with link arcades (1394453)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 6 July 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Pulteney Bridge (1394514)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Ralph Allen's House (1395830)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 6 July 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Refectory to west of Hinton Priory (1129461)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Rosewell House (1394043)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Shockerwick House (1157865)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Shops Nos 1 to 8 (consec) (1394515)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Shops Nos 9 to 17 (consec) (1394516)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "St Catherine's Court (1232265)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 6 July 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Summerhill (1394974)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "South colonnade at Grand Pump Room (1395196)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "St John's Hospital (including Chapel Court House) (1395488)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 6 July 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Terrace balustrade to forecourt, Widcombe Manor (1394137)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "The Cross Bath (1394182)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "The Holburne Museum (1395305)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
^ Historic England. "Widcombe Manor and cottage (1394125)" . National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 3 April 2015 .
Media related to Grade I listed buildings in Bath and North East Somerset District at Wikimedia Commons
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