Heze
菏泽市 Hotseh | |
---|---|
Coordinates (Heze municipal government): 35°14′03″N 115°28′47″E / 35.2343°N 115.4796°E | |
Country | People's Republic of China |
Province | Shandong |
County-level divisions | 9 |
Township-level divisions | 158 |
Municipal seat | Mudan District |
Government | |
• Mayor | Sun Aijun (孙爱军) |
Area | |
• Prefecture-level city | 12,256 km2 (4,732 sq mi) |
• Urban | 1,416 km2 (547 sq mi) |
• Metro | 1,416 km2 (547 sq mi) |
Population (2010 census)[2] | |
• Prefecture-level city | 8,287,693 |
• Density | 680/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
• Urban | 1,346,717 |
• Urban density | 950/km2 (2,500/sq mi) |
• Metro | 1,346,717 |
• Metro density | 950/km2 (2,500/sq mi) |
GDP[3] | |
• Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 307 billion US$ 46.5 billion |
• Per capita | CN¥ 35,184 US$ 5,317 |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Postal code | 274000 |
Area code | 0530 |
ISO 3166 code | CN-SD-17 |
Licence plate prefixes | 鲁R |
Heze | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional Chinese | 菏澤 | ||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 菏泽 | ||||||||||
Literal meaning | He Marsh | ||||||||||
|
Former names | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caozhou | |||||||||
Chinese | 曹州 | ||||||||
Postal | Tsaochow | ||||||||
|
Heze (Chinese: 菏泽; Chinese: 菏澤; pinyin: Hé Zé), formerly known as Caozhou, is the westernmost prefecture-level city in Shandong province, China, bordering Jining to the east and the provinces of Henan and Anhui to the west and south respectively.
Caozhou was at the center of the Nian Rebellion during the 1850s and 60s.
In August 1949, Heze was detached from Shandong and given to the experimental province of Pingyuan, but was later returned to Shandong just over three years later.
In April 1953, Heze and Jining gained counties from the former prefecture of Huxi after its abolition.
Mudan is the city flower of Heze. The earliest documentary of Mudan is in Classic of Poetry, written almost 3,000 years ago. Mudan is also called the "king of flowers" from the Bencao Gangmu. It is a symbol of honor, peace, wealth, love, aristocracy and feminine beauty. There are 9 types of Mudan based on the colors: red, white, purple, yellow, blue, green, black, pink, and multi-colored.[4]
Heze has a monsoon-influenced climate that lies between the humid subtropical and humid continental zones (Köppen Cwa/Dwa), with four well-defined seasons. The city is warm and nearly rainless in spring, hot and humid in summer, crisp in autumn and cold and dry in winter. The mean annual temperature is 14.22 °C (57.6 °F), with the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging from −0.5 °C (31.1 °F) in January to 27.1 °C (80.8 °F) in July. Nearly 70% of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 48% in July to 60% in May, the city receives 2,411 hours of bright sunshine annually.[5]
Climate data for Heze (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.2 (64.8) |
23.2 (73.8) |
28.5 (83.3) |
33.7 (92.7) |
38.1 (100.6) |
42.0 (107.6) |
41.8 (107.2) |
38.4 (101.1) |
36.0 (96.8) |
32.7 (90.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
42.0 (107.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.9 (40.8) |
9.0 (48.2) |
15.2 (59.4) |
21.7 (71.1) |
27.1 (80.8) |
31.9 (89.4) |
32.2 (90.0) |
30.8 (87.4) |
27.1 (80.8) |
21.7 (71.1) |
13.6 (56.5) |
6.9 (44.4) |
20.2 (68.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
3.6 (38.5) |
9.4 (48.9) |
15.7 (60.3) |
21.3 (70.3) |
26.1 (79.0) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.2 (79.2) |
21.6 (70.9) |
15.7 (60.3) |
8.1 (46.6) |
1.8 (35.2) |
14.8 (58.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
4.8 (40.6) |
10.6 (51.1) |
16.1 (61.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
23.8 (74.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
17.5 (63.5) |
11.2 (52.2) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
10.5 (50.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −20.4 (−4.7) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
3.8 (38.8) |
10.2 (50.4) |
15.4 (59.7) |
12.1 (53.8) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−12.9 (8.8) |
−17.5 (0.5) |
−20.4 (−4.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 6.5 (0.26) |
11.9 (0.47) |
17.3 (0.68) |
32.1 (1.26) |
49.6 (1.95) |
62.0 (2.44) |
166.7 (6.56) |
138.6 (5.46) |
74.4 (2.93) |
31.6 (1.24) |
27.4 (1.08) |
8.9 (0.35) |
627 (24.68) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.0 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 6.4 | 7.6 | 11.4 | 10.5 | 7.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 2.9 | 72.2 |
Average snowy days | 3.6 | 3.1 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 11.3 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 65 | 61 | 58 | 62 | 65 | 64 | 78 | 82 | 77 | 70 | 70 | 67 | 68 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 142.0 | 153.6 | 203.4 | 227.7 | 251.2 | 237.2 | 209.8 | 201.1 | 181.5 | 183.0 | 152.9 | 143.1 | 2,286.5 |
Percent possible sunshine | 45 | 49 | 55 | 58 | 58 | 55 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 53 | 50 | 47 | 51 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7][8] |
The prefecture-level city of Heze administers nine county-level divisions. The municipal executive, legislature and judiciary are in Mudan District (牡丹区), together with CPC and public security bureaux.
There are two districts and seven counties,2 additional development zones:[9]
These are further divided into 158 township-level divisions.
Map |
---|
According to the 2020 Chinese census, Heze was home to 8,287,693 people, of whom 1,346,717 live in the built-up area around the seat of government in Mudan District.[10]
The current mayor is Li Chunying[11] and the chairman of the Municipal Council is Wang Weidong.[12]
Heze is the largest center in China for the cultivation of the "national flower" peony, after which the Mudan District was named. Over 30% of its GDP comes from the sale of peony.[20]
Shandong topics | |
---|---|
General | |
Geography | |
Education | |
Culture | |
Cuisine | |
Visitor attractions | |
Notes: *Provincial capitals, ★Sub-provincial cities, ☆Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture *Sub prefectural-level divisions, ✧"Comparatively larger city " (较大的市) as approved by the State Council | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
International | |
---|---|
National | |
Geographic |