Holland Park
Statue of the 3rd Baron Holland in Holland Park
Holland Park Location within Greater London
OS grid reference	TQ246798
London borough	Kensington & Chelsea
Ceremonial county	Greater London
Region	London
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	LONDON
Postcode district	W8, W11, W14
Dialling code	020
Police	Metropolitan
Fire	London
Ambulance	London
UK Parliament	Kensington
London Assembly	West Central
List of places UK England London 51°30′10″N 0°12′14″W / 51.5028°N 0.2038°W / 51.5028; -0.2038

Holland Park is an area of Kensington, on the western edge of Central London,^[1] that lies within the Royal Borough of Chelsea and Kensington, and largely surrounds its namesake park, Holland Park. It has no official boundaries but is roughly bounded by Kensington High Street to the south, Holland Road to the west, Holland Park Avenue to the north, and Kensington Church Street to the east. In reality, the Holland Park district extends north of Holland Park Avenue, toward Notting Hill. It has been said that Holland Park is the “posh” part of Notting Hill. The three principal neighbourhoods of Holland Park are centred around the Park itself, with stately houses and townhomes to the north, south and west of the Park. Adjacent districts are Notting Hill to the north, Earl's Court to the south, and Shepherd's Bush to the west.

The area is principally composed of tree-lined streets with large Victorian townhouses, and contains many shops, cultural tourist attractions such as the Design Museum, luxury spas, hotels, and restaurants, as well as the embassies of several countries. The street of Holland Park is formed from three linked roads constructed between 1860 and 1880 in projects of master builders William and Francis Radford, who were contracted to build and built over 200 houses in the area. Notable 19th-century residential developments in the area include the Royal Crescent and Aubrey House.

History

The district was rural until the 19th century, and most of the area now referred to by the name Holland Park was formerly the grounds of a Jacobean mansion called Cope Castle. In the later decades of that century the owners of the house sold off the more outlying parts of its grounds for residential development, and the district which evolved took its name from the house. It also included some small areas around the fringes which had never been part of the grounds of Holland House, notably the Phillimore Estate (there are at least four roads with the word Phillimore in their name) and the Campden Hill Square area.

In the late 19th century, a number of notable artists (including Frederic Leighton, P.R.A. and Val Prinsep) and art collectors lived in the area, known as the Holland Park Circle, especially in Melbury Road and Holland Park Road.

Lansdowne House

Lansdowne House, at Lansdowne Road. is a Grade II listed eight-storey building which was originally constructed in 1902–04 by Scottish architect William Flockhart,^[2] for South African mining magnate Sir Edmund Davis. The building contained apartments and artists' workshops. Among the artists who had studios in the building in the early decades of the 20th century were Charles Ricketts, Charles Haslewood Shannon, Glyn Philpot, Vivian Forbes, James Pryde, and Frederick Cayley Robinson, who are commemorated on a blue plaque on the building.^[3]

The building underwent significant alterations. When, in 1957, record producer Denis Preston was looking for a property in which to set up a recording studio, his assistant engineer Joe Meek found the premises, which had unusually high ceilings and a basement squash court, suitable for conversion into a studio. Preston, Meek and engineer Adrian Kerridge then established the studio, and made their first recordings there in 1958. The studio was London's first independent music recording studio.^[4] In 1962, an enlarged control room overlooking the studio floor was opened. Kerridge later became the studio's owner.^[5] The studios closed in 2006 and the building was subsequently converted into 13 self-contained apartments, while retaining a small recording studio.^[3]

The public park

The park covers about 22 hectares (54 acres),^[6] with a northern half of semi-wild woodland, central section of formal garden areas, and southernmost section used for sport.

Holland House is now a fragmentary ruin, having been devastated by incendiary bombing during the Second World War in 1940, but the ruins and the grounds were bought by London County Council in 1952 from the last private owner, the 6th Earl of Ilchester.^[7] Today the remains of the house form a backdrop for the open air Holland Park Theatre, which is the home of Opera Holland Park. To the immediate south of the park is the former site of the Commonwealth Institute, now home to the Design Museum.

The park contains a café, as well as the Belvedere Restaurant that is attached to the orangery, a giant chess set,^[8] a cricket pitch, tennis courts, two Japanese gardens - the Kyoto Garden (1991) and Fukushima Memorial Garden (2012),^[9] a youth hostel, a children's playground, squirrels and peacocks. In 2010, the park set aside a section for pigs whose job was to reclaim the area from nettles etc., in order to create another meadow area for wildflowers and fauna. Cattle were used subsequently to similar effect.

The Holland Park Ecology Centre (2013), operated by the borough's Ecology Service, provides environmental education programmes including nature walks, talks, programmes for schools, and outdoor activity programs for children.^[10]

In the northwest of the park near Abbotsbury Road, installed in 2000, is the outdoor sculpture Tortoises with Triangle and Time by Wendy Taylor, commissioned by the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea for the Millennium.^[11]