Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis | |
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Other names | Idiopathic calcified nodules of the scrotum[1] |
Specialty | Dermatology |
Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is a cutaneous condition characterized by calcification of the skin resulting from the deposition of calcium and phosphorus occurring on the scrotum.[2]: 528 However, the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood are normal.[3] Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis typically affects young males, with an onset between adolescence and early adulthood.[3] The scrotal calcinosis appears, without any symptoms, as yellowish nodules that range in size from 1 mm to several centimeters.[4]
Without known links to other lesions or systemic pre-conditions, scrotal calcinosis was considered idiopathic. It is not related to calcium phosphate imbalance or renal insufficiency.[5] By 2010, studies supported that epidermoid cysts are believed to be caused by dystrophic calcification. This process involves subclinical inflammation, rupture, calcification, and cyst wall obliteration.[6]
The cause is not well defined.[4][7] Originally considered idiopathic condition. Now accepted that majority of cases develop from dystrophic calcification of cyst contents.
Pathologic Interpretation Pearls
Treatment may involve surgery,[8] which is currently the only recommended intervention.[4] Surgery should include the removal of even small nodules, to prevent the recurrence of the scrotal calcinosis.[4]
Scrotal calcinosis was first described in 1883 by Lewinski.[4]