Ji Li | |||
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Traditional Chinese | 笄禮 | ||
Simplified Chinese | 笄礼 | ||
Literal meaning | Hairpin ceremony | ||
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Ji Li (Chinese: 笄禮), also known as the hairpin ceremony,[1][2][3] is the equivalent of the Guan Li; the Ji Li marks the transition from childhood to adulthood of a Chinese woman and involves the use of a ji (lit. '[Chinese] hairpin').[1][4] It is only after the Ji Li ceremony that a woman is considered an adult and is therefore eligible to be married.[1][4][3][5] In ancient times, the Ji Li ceremony could be performed by people of any social class; however, rich people were more likely to hold the ceremony than poor people.[6]
Both the Guan Li, the capping ceremony for Chinese men, and the Ji Li ceremony appeared in China in ancient times, prior to the Qin era.[7]
The Ji Li ceremony occurs when a girl is engaged or if she is getting married.[4] However, it typically takes place when a young girl reaches the age of 15 even if the girl is not engaged or married.[8][1][4][3] If the young girl was still not betrothed at the age of 20, the Ji Li ceremony had to be performed again.[5]
The procedure of the Ji Li ceremony occurs through the following steps:[8][1][4][5]
After the Ji Li ceremony, women had to learn how to be proper wives; this learning including the proper manner of speech and dress.[8] They also had to learn needlework.[8]
Korean women perform a coming-of-age ceremony that follows the Confucian tradition known as Gyerye (Korean: 계례; Hanja: 筓禮) where they would braid their hair and roll it up into a chignon before putting it in place with a binyeo (i.e., a hairpin) on their 15th birthday.[9][10][11]
The tuổi cập kê (also known as the age of wearing hairpin) occurs when a girl reaches the age of 15.[12] At the age of 15, the girl starts to wear a hairpin, and the hairpin becomes an inseparable aspect of a woman; as such, giving a hairpin to a man symbolizes that the woman trusts the man completely.[12] It is based on a Chinese custom.[12]