A Guaraní family in Mato Grosso do Sul , Brazil , 2004 The following is a list of indigenous peoples of South America . These include the peoples living in South America in the pre-Columbian era and the historical and contemporary descendants of those peoples.
Circum-Caribbean
The Circum-Caribbean cultural region was characterized by anthropologist Julian Steward , who edited the Handbook of South American Indians .[1] It spans indigenous peoples in the Caribbean , Central American , and northern South America, the latter of which is listed here.
Colombia and Venezuela
The Colombia and Venezuela culture area includes most of Colombia and Venezuela . Southern Colombia is in the Andean culture area, as are some peoples of central and northeastern Colombia, who are surrounded by peoples of the Colombia and Venezuela culture. Eastern Venezuela is in the Guianas culture area, and southeastern Colombia and southwestern Venezuela are in the Amazonia culture area.[1]
Abibe, northwestern Colombia
Aburrá, central Colombia
Achagua (Axagua ), eastern Colombia, western Venezuela
Agual, western Colombia
Amaní, central Colombia
Ancerma, western Colombia
Andaquí (Andaki), Huila Department, Colombia
Andoque , (Andoke, southeastern Colombia
Antiochia, Colombia
Arbi, western Colombia
Arma, western Colombia
Atunceta, western Colombia
Auracana, northeastern Colombia
Buriticá, western Colombia
Calamari , northwestern Colombia
Calima , western Colombia, 200 BCE–400 CE
Caramanta, western Columbia
Carate, northeastern Colombia
Carare, northeastern Colombia
Carex, northwestern Colombia
Cari , western Colombia
Carrapa, western Colombia
Cartama, western Colombia
Cauca , western Colombia, 800–1200 CE
Corbago, northeastern Colombia
Cosina, northeastern Colombia
Catio, northwestern Colombia
Cenufaná, northwestern Colombia
Chanco, western Colombia
Coanoa, northeastern Colombia
Evéjito, western Colombia
Fincenú, northwestern Colombia
Gorrón, western Colombia
Guahibo (Guajibo ), eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela
Guambía, western Colombia
Guane , Colombia, pre-Columbian culture
Guanebucan, northeastern Colombia
Guayupe , central-eastern Colombia
Guazuzú, northwestern Colombia
Hiwi , western Colombia, eastern Venezuela
Itoto, Wotuja, or Jojod, Venezuela[2]
Jamundí, western Colombia
Kogi , northern Colombia
Lile, western Colombia
Lache , central Colombia
Mompox, northwestern Colombia
Motilone , northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela
Muisca , central Colombia
Muzo , central Colombia
Naura, central Colombia
Nauracota, central Colombia
Noanamá (Waunana, Huaunana, Woun Meu), northwestern Colombia and Panama
Nutabé, northwestern Colombia
Opón, northeastern Colombia
Panche , central Colombia
Pacabueye, northwestern Colombia
Pancenú, northwestern Colombia
Patángoro , central Colombia
Paucura, western Colombia
Pemed, northwestern Colombia
Pequi people, western Colombia
Piaroa , Colombia and Venezuela
Picara, western Colombia
Pijao , central Colombia
Pozo, western Colombia
Quimbaya , central Colombia, 4th–7th CE
Quinchia, western Colombia
Sutagao , central Colombian
Tahamí , northwestern Colombia
Tairona , northern Colombia, pre-Columbian culture, 1st–11th CE
Tamalameque, northwestern Colombia
Tegua , central Colombia
Timba, western Colombia
Tinigua , Caquetá Department, Colombia
Tolú, northwestern Colombia
Toro, western Colombia
Tupe, northeastern Colombia
Turbaco people, northwestern Colombia
Urabá, northwestern Colombia
Urezo, northwestern Colombia
U'wa , eastern Colombia, western Venezuela
Wayuu (Wayu, Wayúu, Guajiro, Wahiro), northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela
Xiriguana, northeastern Colombia
Yamicí, northwestern Colombia
Yapel, northwestern Colombia
Yarigui , northeastern Colombia
Yukpa , Yuko , northeastern Colombia
Zamyrua, northeastern Colombia
Zendagua, northwestern Colombia
Zenú , northwestern Colombia, pre-Columbian culture, 200 BCE–1600 CE
Zopia, western Colombia
Guianas
This region includes northern parts Colombia , French Guiana , Guyana , Suriname , Venezuela , and parts of the Amazonas , Amapá , Pará , and Roraima States in Brazil.
Acawai (6N 60W)
Acokwa (3N 53W)
Acuria (Akurio , Akuriyo Roraima, Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela
Amariba (2N 60W)
Amicuana (2N 53W)
Apalaí (Apalai ), Amapá, Brazil
Apirua (3N 53W)
Apurui (3N 53W)
Aracaret (4N 53W)
Aramagoto (2N 54W)
Aramisho (2N 54W)
Arebato (7N 65W)
Arekena (2N 67W)
Arhuaco , northeastern Colombia
Arigua
Arinagoto (4N 63W)
Arua (1N 50W)
Aruacay, Venezuela
Atorai (2N 59W)
Atroahy (1S 62W)
Auaké , Brazil and Guyana
Baniwa (Baniva) (3N 68W), Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela
Baraüana (1N 65W)
Bonari (3S 58W)
Baré (3N 67W)
Caberre (4N 71 W)
Cadupinago
Cariaya (1S 63 W)
Carib (Kalinago), Venezuela
Carinepagoto, Trinidad
Chaguan , Venezuela
Chaima , Venezuela
Cuaga, Venezuela
Cuacua, Venezuela
Cumanagoto , Venezuela
Guayano, Venezuela
Guinau (4N 65W)
Hixkaryána , Amazonas, Brazil
Inao (4N 65W)
Ingarikó , Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela
Jaoi (Yao), Guyana, Trinidad and Venezuela
Kali'na , Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela
Lokono (Arawak, Locono), Guyana, Trinidad, Venezuela
Macapa (2N 59W)
Macushi , Brazil and Guyana
Maipure (4N 67W)
Maopityan (2N 59W)
Mapoyo (Mapoye), Venezuela
Marawan (3N 52W)
Mariche , Venezuela
Mariusa, Venezuela
Marourioux (3N 53W)
Nepuyo (Nepoye), Guyana, Trinidad and Venezuela
Orealla , Guyana
Palengue, Venezuela
Palikur , Brazil, French Guiana
Parauana (2N 63W)
Parauien (3S 60W)
Pareco, Venezuela
Paria, Venezuela
Patamona , Roraima, Brazil
Pauishana (2N 62W)
Pemon (Arecuna), Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela
Piapoco (3N 70W)
Piaroa , Venezuela
Pino (3N 54W)
Piritú, Venezuela
Purui (2N 52W)
Saliba (Sáliva ), Venezuela
Sanumá , Venezuela, Brazil
Shebayo , Trinidad
Sikiana (Chikena , Xikiyana ), Brazil, Suriname
Tagare, Venezuela
Tamanaco, Venezuela
Tarumá (3S 60W)
Tibitibi, Venezuela
Tiriyó (Tarëno ), Brazil, Suriname
Tocoyen (3N 53W)
Tumuza, Venezuela
Wai-Wai , Amazonas, Brazil and Guyana
Wapishana , Brazil and Guyana
Warao (Warrau), Guyana and Venezuela
Wayana (Oyana ), Pará, Brazil
Ya̧nomamö (Yanomami ), Venezuela and Amazonas, Brazil
Ye'kuana , Venezuela, Brazil
Eastern Brazil
This region includes parts of the Ceará , Goiás , Espírito Santo , Mato Grosso , Mato Grosso do Sul , Pará , and Santa Catarina states of Brazil
Apinajé (Apinaye Caroyo ),[3] Rio Araguiaia
Apurinã (Popũkare ), Amazonas and Acre
Arara , Pará
Bororo (Borôro ),[3] Mato Grosso
Botocudo (Lakiãnõ )
Carijo Guarani[3]
East Brazilian Tradition, Precolumbian culture[3]
Guató (Guato ), Mato Grosso
Kadiwéu (Guaicuru ),[3] Mato Grosso do Sul
Karajá (Iny , Javaé ),[3] Goiás, Mato Grosso, Pará, and Tocantins
Kaxixó , Minas Gerais
Kayapo (Cayapo , Mebêngôkre ),[3] Mato Grosso and Pará
Laklãnõ,[3] Santa Catarina
Mehim (Krahô , Crahao),[3] Rio Tocantins
Ofayé , Mato Grosso do Sul
Parakatêjê (Gavião ),[3] Pará
Pataxó , Bahia
Potiguara (Pitigoares ),[3] Ceará
Tabajara , Ceará
Tupiniquim , Espírito Santo
Umutina (Barbados )[3]
Xakriabá (Chakriaba , Chikriaba , or Shacriaba ), Minas Gerais
Xavánte (Shavante ),[3] Mato Grosso
Xerénte (Sherente ),[3] Goiás
Xucuru , Pernambuco
Amazon
Northwestern Amazon
This region includes Amazonas in Brazil ; the Amazonas and Putumayo Departments in Colombia ; Cotopaxi , Los Rios , Morona-Santiago , Napo , and Pastaza Provinces and the Oriente Region in Ecuador ; and the Loreto Region in Peru .
Arabela, Loreto Region, Peru
Arapaso (Arapaco), Amazonas, Brazil
Baniwa
Barbudo, Loreto Region, Peru
Bora , Loreto Region, Peru
Candoshi-Shapra (Chapras), Loreto Region, Peru
Carútana (Arara ), Amazonas, Brazil
Chayahuita (Chaywita) Loreto Region, Peru
Cocama , Loreto Region, Peru
Cofán (Cofan ), Putumayo Department, Colombia and Ecuador
Cubeo (Kobeua ), Amazonas, Brazil and Colombia
Dâw , Rio Negro, Brazil
Flecheiro
Huaorani (Waorani , Waodani , Waos ), Ecuador
Hupda (Hup ), Brazil, Colombia
Jibito , Loreto Region, Peru
Jivaroan peoples , Ecuador and Peru
Achuar , Morona-Santiago Province and Oriente Region, Ecuador and Loreto Region, Peru
Aguaruna (Aguarana ), Ecuador, Peru
Huambisa , Peru
Shuar , Morona-Santiago Province and Oriente Region, Ecuador and Loreto Region, Peru
Kachá (Shimaco , Urarina ), Loreto Region, Peru
Kamsá (Sebondoy ), Putumayo Department, Colombia
Kanamarí , Amazonas, Brazil
Kichua (Quichua )
Cañari Kichua (Canari )
Canelo Kichua (Canelos-Quichua ), Pataza Province, Ecuador
Chimborazo Kichua
Cholos cuencanos
Kichwa-Lamista , City of Lamas , Huallaga River , Mayo River , San Martin Region , Peru
Napo Runa (Napo Kichua , Quijos-Quichua , Napo-Quichua ), Ecuador and Peru
Saraguro
Sarayacu Kichua, Pastaza Province, Ecuador
Korubu , Amazonas, Brazil
Kugapakori-Nahua
Macaguaje (Majaguaje), Río Caquetá, Colombia
Machiguenga , Peru
Marubo
Matsés (Mayoruna , Maxuruna ), Brazil and Peru
Mayoruna (Maxuruna )
Miriti, Amazonas Department, Colombia
Murato, Loreto Region, Peru
Mura , Amazonas, Brazil
Pirahã (Mura-pirarrã), Amazonas, Brazil
Nukak (Nukak-Makú ), eastern Colombia
Ocaina , Loreto Region, Peru
Omagua (Cambeba , Kambeba , Umana ), Amazonas, Brazil
Orejón (Orejon), Napo Province, Ecuador
Panoan , western Brazil, Bolivia, Peru
Sharpas
Siona (Sioni ), Amazonas Department, Colombia
Siriano , Brazil, Colombia
Siusi, Amazonas, Brazil
Tariano (Tariana ), Amazonas, Brazil
Tsohom Djapá
Tukano (Tucano ), Brazil, Colombia
Waikino (Vaikino), Amazonas, Brazil
Waimiri-Atroari (Kinja , Uaimiri-Atroari ), Amazonas and Roraima, Brazil
Wanano (Unana, Vanana ), Amazonas, Brazil
Witoto
Yagua (Yahua ), Loreta Region, Peru
Yaminahua (Yaminawá )
Yora
Záparo (Zaparo ), Pastaza Province, Ecuador
Zuruahã (Suruahá , Suruwaha ), Amazonas, Brazil
Eastern Amazon
This region includes Amazonas , Maranhão , and parts of Pará States in Brazil.
Amanayé (Ararandeura ), Brazil
Araweté (Araueté , Bïde ), Pará, Brazil
Awá (Guajá) , Brazil
Ch'unchu , Peru
Ge
Guajajára (Guajajara ), Maranhão, Brazil
Guaraní , Paraguay
Ka'apor , Maranhão, Brazil
Kuruaya , Pará, Brazil
Marajoara , Precolumbian culture, Pará, Brazil
Panará , Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazil
Parakanã (Paracana )
Suruí do Pará , Pará, Brazil
Tembé (Tembe )
Turiwára (Turiwara )
Wayampi
Zo'é people , Pará, Brazil
Southern Amazon
This region includes southern Brazil (Mato Grosso , Mato Grosso do Sul , parts of Pará , and Rondônia ) and Eastern Bolivia (Beni Department ).
Apiacá (Apiaká ), Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazil[4]
Assuriní do Toncantins (Tocantin)
Aweti (Aueto ), Mato Grosso, Brazil
Bakairí (Bakairi )
Chácobo (Chacobo )
Chiquitano (Chiquito )
Cinta Larga , Mato Grosso, Brazil
Enawene Nawe , Mato Grosso, Brazil
Gavião of Rondônia
Guarayu
Ikpeng (Xicao ), Mato Grosso, Brazil
Irántxe (Iranche)
Juma (Kagwahiva ), Rondônia, Brazil
Jurúna (Yaruna , Juruna , Yudjá ), Mato Grosso, Brazil
Kaiabi (Caiabi , Cajabi , Kajabi, Kayabi ), Mato Grosso, Brazil
Kalapálo (Kalapalo ), Mato Grosso, Brazil
Kamayurá (Camayura ), Mato Grosso, Brazil
Kanoê (Kapixaná ), Rondônia, Brazil
Karipuná (Caripuna)
Karitiâna (Caritiana ), Brazil
Kayapo , Mato Grosso, Brazil
Kuikuro , Mato Grosso, Brazil
Matipu , Mato Grosso, Brazil
Mehináku (Mehinacu , Mehinako ), Mato Grosso, Brazil
Moxo (Mojo ), Bolivia
Nahukuá (Nahuqua ), Mato Grosso, Brazil
Nambikuára (Nambicuara , Nambikwara ), Mato Grosso, Brazil
Pacahuara (Pacaguara )
Pacajá (Pacaja)
Panará , Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazil
Parecís (Paressi )
Rikbaktsa (Erikbaksa ), Mato Grosso, Brazil
Rio Pardo people , Mato Grosso, Brazil
Sateré-Mawé (Maue ), Brazil
Suyá (Kisedje ), Mato Grosso, Brazil
Tacana , La Paz Department, Bolivia
Tapajó (Tapajo )
Tapirapé (Tapirape)
Tenharim
Terena , Mato Gross and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Trumai , Mato Grosso, Brazil
Tsimané (Pano )
Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau , Rondônia, Brazil
Wari' (Pacanawa , Waricaca' ), Rondônia, Brazil
Wauja (Waurá , Waura ), Mato Grosso, Brazil
Wuy jugu (Mundurucu , Munduruku )
Yawalapiti (Iaualapiti ), Mato Grosso, Brazil
Southwestern Amazon
This region includes the Cuzco , Huánuco Junín , Loreto , Madre de Dios , and Ucayali Regions of eastern Peru , parts of Acre , Amazonas , and Rondônia , Brazil , and parts of the La Paz and Beni Departments of Bolivia .
Aguano (Santacrucino, Uguano), Peru
Aikanã , Rondônia, Brazil
Akuntsu , Rondônia, Brazil
Amahuaca , Brazil, Peru
Asháninka (Campa , Chuncha ), Acre, Brazil and Junín, Pasco, Huánuco, and Ucayali, Peru
Banawá (Jafí , Kitiya ), Amazonas, Brazil
Cashibo (Carapache ), Huánuco Region, Peru
Conibo (Shipibo-Conibo ), Peru and Amazonas, Brazil
Ese Ejja (Chama ), Beni Department, Bolivia
Harakmbut , Madre de Dios, Peru
Arasairi , Madre de Dios Region, Peru
Manuquiari , Madre de Dios Region, Peru
Puikiri (Puncuri ), Madre de Dios Region, Peru
Sapiteri , Madre de Dios Region, Peru
Toyeri , Madre de Dios Region, Peru[5]
Hi-Merimã , Himarimã , Amazonas, Brazil
Jamamadi , Acre and Amazonas, Brazil
Kaxinawá (Cashinahua , Huni Kuin ), Peru and Acre, Brazil
Kulina (Culina ), Peru
Kwaza (Coaiá, Koaiá), Rondônia, Brazil
Latundê , Rondônia, Brazil
Machinere , Peru
Mashco-Piro , Peru
Matís (Matis ), Brazil
Matsés (Mayoruna , Maxuruna ), Brazil, Peru
Parintintin (Kagwahiva’nga ), Brazil
Shipibo , Loreto Region, Peru
Ticuna (Tucuna ), Brazil, Colombia, Peru
Toromona , La Paz Department, Bolivia
Yanesha' (Amuesha ), Cusco Region, Peru
Yawanawa (Jaminawá , Marinawá , Xixinawá ), Acre, Brazil; Madre de Dios, Peru; and Bolivia
Yine (Contaquiro, Simiranch, Simirinche), Cuzco Region, Peru