This is a list of dynasties and states that have historically had ties to either ethnic Jews or their religion of Judaism.

States by region

Southern Levant

• Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy), c. 1047–930 BCE^{[1][page needed]}
• Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), c. 930–720 BCE^{[2][dead link]}
• Kingdom of Judah, c. 930–587/586 BCE^{[3][page needed]}
• Hasmonean dynasty, c. 140–37 BCE^[4]
• Herodian dynasty, 47 BCE–100 CE
• Judean provisional government, 66–68 CE
• Bar Kokhba Jewish state, 132–135 CE
• State of Israel, 1948 CE–present^[5]

Wider Middle East

• Himyarite Kingdom, Yemen, 110 BCE–525 CE^[6]
• Nehardea, Mesopotamia, 18–33 CE (ruled by Anilai and Asinai of the Parthian Empire)
• Adiabene, Mesopotamia, c. 30–115 CE
• Mahoza Kingdom, Mesopotamia, 495–502 CE (established by Mar-Zutra II)

Africa

• Kingdom of Simien, Ethiopia^[7]

Europe

• Khazar Kingdom, c. 750–950 CE (semi-nomadic Turkic state in the Caucasus whose ruling royal elite seems to have converted to Judaism, although the extent to which it was adopted by commoners is highly debated)^[8]

Proposed

• Medieval French Jewish vassal state, 768–900 CE (purportedly established during the Reconquista)
• Brutakhi, early 13th century Turkic polity whose Jewishness is debatable; possibly either a Khazar remnant state or Jewish splinter state from the Cuman-Kipchak Confederation