This article lists military spending in European countries by varying methods including as a percentage of GDP per capita and as a total capital expenditure as listed by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute unless otherwise stated or cited.

The share of total expenditure, the average defence spending was 2.5 % in 2021 in the EU and 2.4% in the euro area. As a share of GDP the average was 1.3% in the EU and in the euro area.[1]

Total defence expenditure of the European Defence Agency (EDA) Member States was €214 billion in 2021, which was 1.5% of the 26 EDA Member States’ GDP, the same percentage as in 2020.[2]

By GDP per capita

The European Union European Defence Agency member state average spend on defence as a percentage of GDP was 1.5% in 2021.[2]

Rank (lowest first) Country Percentage of GDP expenditure, 2022[3]
28 Albania Albania 1.58%
1 Andorra Andorra ***
14 Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.81%
26 Bulgaria Bulgaria 1.51%
41 Croatia Croatia 2.17%
21 Czech Republic Czech Republic 1.36%
40 Estonia Estonia 2.09%
27 Hungary Hungary 1.53%
10 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 0.51%
15 Kosovo Kosovo 1.13%
39 Latvia Latvia 2.05%
45 Lithuania Lithuania 2.52%
30 North Macedonia North Macedonia 1.61%
30 Montenegro Montenegro 1.61%
44 Poland Poland 2.39%
35 Romania Romania 1.73%
43 Serbia Serbia 2.28%
36 Slovakia Slovakia 1.76%
17 Slovenia Slovenia 1.19%
48 Armenia Armenia 4.32%
49 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 4.55%
18 Belarus Belarus 1.20%
24 Georgia (country) Georgia 1.43%
7 Moldova Moldova 0.32%
47 Russia Russia 4.06%
50 Ukraine Ukraine 33.55%
13 Austria Austria 0.77%
16 Belgium Belgium 1.18%
37 Cyprus Cyprus 1.81%
23 Denmark Denmark 1.42%
34 Finland Finland 1.72%
38 France France 1.94%
22 Germany Germany 1.39%
46 Greece Greece 3.69%
5 Iceland Iceland (2021) 0.1%[1]*****
6 Republic of Ireland Ireland 0.23%
33 Italy Italy 1.68%
8 Liechtenstein Liechtenstein (assumed 2017) 0.4%[4]*
11 Luxembourg Luxembourg 0.70%
9 Malta Malta 0.50%
1 Monaco Monaco **
28 Netherlands Netherlands 1.58%
32 Norway Norway 1.64%
20 Portugal Portugal 1.35%
1 San Marino San Marino ****
25 Spain Spain 1.47%
19 Sweden Sweden 1.31%
12 Switzerland Switzerland 0.76%
42 United Kingdom United Kingdom 2.23%
1 Vatican City Vatican City ****

*no regular military forces[5]

**defence is the responsibility of France[6]

***defence is the responsibility of France and Spain[7]

****defence is the responsibility of Italy[8][9]

*****defence is the responsibility of NATO[10]

By total capital expenditure

Country US $m (2021 value) in 2022[3]
Albania Albania 296.6
Andorra Andorra ***
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina 187.7
Bulgaria Bulgaria 1336.5
Croatia Croatia 1341.2
Czech Republic Czech Republic 3707.1
Estonia Estonia 753.5
Hungary Hungary 2774.0
Kosovo Kosovo 108.0
Latvia Latvia 819.5
Lithuania Lithuania 1656.1
North Macedonia North Macedonia 230.9
Montenegro Montenegro 97.7
Poland Poland 16818.9
Romania Romania 5161.1
Serbia Serbia 1443.5
Slovakia Slovakia 2003.0
Slovenia Slovenia 758.9
Armenia Armenia 634.3
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 2664.8
Belarus Belarus 792.2
Georgia (country) Georgia 292.7
Moldova Moldova 40.1
Russia Russia 71981.1
Ukraine Ukraine 43983.2
Austria Austria 3783.9
Belgium Belgium 7045.0
Cyprus Cyprus 514.6
Denmark Denmark 5737.7
Finland Finland 5089.5
France France 56999.7
Germany Germany 57807.7
Greece Greece 8347.5
Iceland Iceland 0.0*****
Republic of Ireland Ireland 1207.7
Italy Italy 34627.5
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 1079.47
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein *
Luxembourg Luxembourg 585.7
Malta Malta 92.4
Monaco Monaco **
Netherlands Netherlands 15670.8
Norway Norway 8960.3
Portugal Portugal 3647.6
San Marino San Marino ****
Spain Spain 20979.2
Sweden Sweden 8491.5
Switzerland Switzerland 6241.2
United Kingdom United Kingdom 69998.7
Vatican City Vatican City ****

*no regular military forces[5]

**defence is the responsibility of France[6]

***defence is the responsibility of France and Spain[7]

****defence is the responsibility of Italy[8][9]

*****defence is the responsibility of NATO[10]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Government expenditure on defence". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
  2. ^ a b "European defence spending surpasses €200 billion for first time". eda.europa.eu. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
  3. ^ a b "SIPRI Military Expenditure Database | SIPRI". www.sipri.org. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
  4. ^ O’Riordan, Sean (2018-06-08). "Ireland's defence spending is lowest in Europe at 0.3% of GDP". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
  5. ^ a b "Liechtenstein", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2023-10-19, retrieved 2023-10-27
  6. ^ a b "Monaco (08/05)". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
  7. ^ a b "Andorra", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2023-10-19, retrieved 2023-10-27
  8. ^ a b "San Marino", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2023-10-19, retrieved 2023-10-27
  9. ^ a b "Holy See (Vatican City)", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2023-11-01, retrieved 2023-11-12
  10. ^ a b "Iceland", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2023-11-06, retrieved 2023-11-12