Year
|
Country of site
|
Site
|
Vendor / builder
|
Computer
|
Performance[a]
|
R
|
1938
|
Germany
|
N/A
|
Konrad Zuse
|
Z1
|
1.00
|
IPS
|
[1]
|
1941
|
Z3
|
20.00
|
IPS
|
[2]
|
1946
|
United States
|
University of Pennsylvania
|
Moore School of Electrical Engineering
|
ENIAC
|
5.00
|
kIPS
|
[3]
|
1951
|
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
|
MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory
|
Whirlwind I
|
20.00
|
kIPS
|
[4]
|
1958
|
McGuire Air Force Base
|
IBM
|
AN/FSQ-7
|
75.00
|
kIPS
|
[5]
|
1960
|
United States
|
Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
|
7090
|
229.00
|
kIPS
|
[6]
|
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
|
Remington Rand's UNIVAC
|
LARC
|
250.00
|
kIPS
|
[7]
|
1961
|
United States
|
Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
|
IBM
|
7030 Stretch
|
1.20
|
MIPS
|
[8]
|
|
1962
|
United Kingdom
|
University of Manchester
|
University of Manchester, Ferranti International, and Plessey Co.
|
Atlas
|
1.00
|
MFLOPS
|
[9]
|
1964
|
United States
|
Lawrence Livermore and Los Alamos
|
CDC
|
6600
|
3.00
|
MFLOPS
|
[10]
|
1969
|
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
|
7600
|
36.00
|
MFLOPS
|
[11]
|
1974
|
STAR-100
|
100.00
|
MFLOPS
|
[12]
|
1976
|
Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
|
Cray
|
Cray-1
|
160.00
|
MFLOPS
|
[13]
|
1980
|
United Kingdom
|
Meteorological Office, Bracknell
|
CDC
|
Cyber 205
|
400.00
|
MFLOPS
|
[14]
|
1983
|
United States
|
National Security Agency
|
Cray
|
X-MP/4
|
713.00
|
MFLOPS*
|
[15]
|
|
1985
|
United States
|
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
|
Cray
|
Cray-2
|
1.41
|
GFLOPS*
|
[16]
|
1988
|
NASA Ames Research Center
|
Y-MP/832
|
2.14
|
GFLOPS*
|
[15]
|
1990
|
Japan
|
Fuji Heavy Industries
|
Fujitsu
|
VP2600/10
|
4.00
|
GFLOPS*
|
[17]
|
1992
|
Canada
|
Atmospheric Environment Service
|
NEC
|
SX-3/44
|
20.00
|
GFLOPS*
|
[18]
|
1993
|
United States
|
Los Alamos National Laboratory
|
Thinking Machines
|
CM-5/1024
|
59.70
|
GFLOPS*
|
[19]
|
Japan
|
National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan
|
Fujitsu
|
Numerical Wind Tunnel
|
124.20
|
GFLOPS*
|
[20]
|
1994
|
United States
|
Sandia National Laboratories
|
Intel
|
Paragon XP/S 140
|
143.40
|
GFLOPS*
|
[21]
|
Japan
|
National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan
|
Fujitsu
|
Numerical Wind Tunnel
|
170.00
|
GFLOPS*
|
[20]
|
1996
|
University of Tokyo
|
Hitachi
|
SR2201
|
232.40
|
GFLOPS*
|
[22]
|
University of Tsukuba
|
CP-PACS
|
368.20
|
GFLOPS*
|
[23]
|
|
1997
|
United States
|
Sandia National Laboratories
|
Intel
|
ASCI Red
|
1.06
|
TFLOPS*
|
[24]
|
2000
|
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
|
IBM
|
ASCI White
|
4.93
|
TFLOPS*
|
[25]
|
2001
|
7.20
|
TFLOPS*
|
2002
|
Japan
|
JAMSTEC Earth Simulator Center
|
NEC
|
Earth Simulator
|
35.86
|
TFLOPS*
|
[26]
|
2004
|
United States
|
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
|
IBM
|
Blue Gene/L
|
70.72
|
TFLOPS*
|
[27]
|
2005
|
136.80
|
TFLOPS*
|
280.60
|
TFLOPS*
|
2007
|
478.20
|
TFLOPS*
|
|
2008
|
United States
|
Los Alamos National Laboratory
|
IBM
|
Roadrunner
|
1.02
|
PFLOPS*
|
[28]
|
1.10
|
PFLOPS*
|
2009
|
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
|
Cray
|
Jaguar
|
1.75
|
PFLOPS*
|
[29]
|
2010
|
China
|
National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin
|
National University of Defense Technology
|
Tianhe-1A
|
2.57
|
PFLOPS*
|
[30]
|
2011
|
Japan
|
RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science
|
Fujitsu
|
K computer
|
10.51
|
PFLOPS*
|
[31]
|
2012
|
United States
|
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
|
IBM
|
Sequoia (Blue Gene/Q)
|
16.32
|
PFLOPS*
|
[32]
|
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
|
Cray
|
Titan
|
17.59
|
PFLOPS*
|
[33]
|
2013
|
China
|
National Supercomputing Center of Guangzhou
|
National University of Defense Technology
|
Tianhe-2
|
33.86
|
PFLOPS*
|
[34]
|
2016
|
National Supercomputing Center of Wuxi
|
NRCPC
|
Sunway TaihuLight
|
93.01
|
PFLOPS*
|
[35]
|
2018
|
United States
|
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
|
IBM
|
Summit
|
122.30
|
PFLOPS*
|
[36]
|
2019
|
148.60
|
PFLOPS*
|
[37]
|
2020
|
Japan
|
RIKEN Center for Computational Science
|
Fujitsu
|
Fugaku
|
415.53
|
PFLOPS*
|
[38]
|
442.01
|
PFLOPS*
|
|
2022
|
United States
|
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
|
HPE Cray
|
Frontier
|
1.102
|
EFLOPS*
|
[39]
|
2023
|
1.194
|
EFLOPS*
|