This is a list and brief description of notable pipe organs in the world, with links to corresponding articles that exist.
See also: Category:Pipe organs
Historic Organs
It is generally agreed upon that the world's oldest playable pipe organ is located in the Basilica of Valère in Sion, Switzerland. Built around 1435, most of the case is original, but only 12 pipes are original, as these have been replaced during restorations.[1]
It is said that the organ in the St. Andreas at Ostönnen (Westfalia, Germany) is even older than the organ mentioned above. Its wind chests and divisions date back to 1425 - 1430, and half the pipes are still original. However, the case and key action were rebuilt in the Baroque period.[1]
The organ in Évora Cathedral in Portugal was built in 1562. Some of the materials used belong to a previous instrument from 1544. This organ is fully functional today. It had interventions in 1694 by Heitor Lobo, 1760 by Pasquale Gaetano Oldovini and 1967 Dirk Andries Flentrop.
The largest pipe organ ever built is the Boardwalk Hall Auditorium Organ in Atlantic City, New Jersey, built by the Midmer-Losh Organ Company between 1929 and 1932, officially containing 449 ranks and 33,114 pipes and weighing approximately 150 tons [2]. Unfortunately, the organ is not operational because of prolonged decline and damage during the renovation of the Boardwalk Hall. A workman found the cable linking the console to the pipes in his way and cut the cable, causing extensive damage that rendered the organ mostly inoperable. A portion of the organ (the Right Stage chamber) has functioned from 1998 to 2000 and a recording was made during that time. Currently, the Kimbal Ballroom and the Right Stage chamber of the Main Auditorium organ are being restored to playing order again.[citation needed]
It contains the world's largest Diaphone, the 64′ Diaphone-Dulzian in the Pedal Right Division, which is also one of only two full-length 64′ stops in the world[citation needed] (click here for a sound sample).
The Grand Ophicleide in the Pedal Right Division, speaking on 100" wind pressure, is also recognised by The Guinness Book of World Records as the loudest organ stop in the world. It is described as having "a pure trumpet note of ear-splitting volume, more than six times the volume of the loudest locomotive whistle". In fact, the Grand Ophicleide produces 130 dB at 1 metre distance.[citation needed]
The Wanamaker Grand Court Organ in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is the second largest organ yet built. It is the largest operational musical instrument in the world. It contains 462 ranks with 28,541 pipes and weighs 287 tons. It is played twice a day, six days a week, and there are many recordings of this organ.[citation needed]
In 2007, the Shanghai Central Concert Hall will open with the largest pipe organ in China.[citation needed] The organist is head of the organ department of Shanghai Conservatory.
The Grand Organ in the Sydney Town Hall's Centenary Hall, Australia was for many years the largest in the world.[citation needed] It remains the world's largest organ without any electric action components and is one of only two organs with a full length 64′ Contra-Trombone stop (click here for a sound sample).[3]
The Sydney Opera House's Concert Hall organ is the largest organ (200 ranks, 130 voices, 5 manuals, 10,154 pipes) with mechanical key action.[citation needed]
The organs of the Duomo di Milano (Milan Cathedral). Their history begins in 1395 (the builder was Martino de' Stremidi), and the organs were repeatedly remodelled during subsequent centuries by major Italian builders including Valvassori, Antegnati, Serassi, and Tamburini, as well as some non-Italians such as Bernard d'Allemagna. The golden decoration dates from the 16th century. In 1986 the pipes, numbering about 16,000, were reorganised into two cases (north and south) with one console.[citation needed]
The world's largest house organ can be found in the United States, in the Barry Norris Residence, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. It has 200 ranks, including three 32′ stops rolled up in the basement, 161 stops and a total of 11,200 pipes, which can be played from the five-manual console in the living room.[citation needed]
The most powerful organ stops in the world are the State Trumpet on the Great Organ at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City, and the Trompette Millitaire and Tuba Magna on the organ of Liverpool Anglican Cathedral, UK.[citation needed] These distinctive-sounding stops operate on 50" of wind pressure and are each as loud as an entire large organ played on their own. The sound of the stops is aided by generous 8-9 second reverberation in both Cathedrals.[citation needed]
The world's third largest church organ is the Passau Cathedral which has acquired the largest organ outside of the United States. It is also the largest cathedral organ in the world. The organ currently has 17,774 pipes and 233 registers, all of which can be played with the five-manual gallery console.[citation needed]
The world's second largest church organ is at the First Congregational Church, Los Angeles, California. Like Passau Cathedral (five organs, one console), it is really two separate organs playing from twin consoles. A Skinner Organ is in the front of the building and a Schlicker in the rear balcony. Today the organs play some 20,000 pipes and 345 ranks, although it is continually being enlarged. Details and Stoplist.
The Cadet Chapel, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York is the largest all pipe organ, in a religious structure, in the world. It is some 380 ranks, 874 stops, 293 voices, 23 divisions, playable across 4 manuals and pedal, with some 23,500 pipes. It is estimated to weigh over 124 tons. Stoplist). It is continually being enlarged. This organ is played for over 300 services each year. In the history of the Cadet Chapel there have only been four organists. There are public tours of the post and services are open to the public. The Association of Graduates sponsors a concert series free and open to the public.[citation needed]
Organs with notable construction methods
The Bamboo Organ at St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church in Las Piñas, Philippines, some 20 miles from downtown Manila, is made almost entirely of bamboo. The building of the organ was begun in 1816 by a Spanish Augustinian monk, Fr. Diego Cera de la Virgen del Carmen, and completed in 1824. It has been damaged repeatedly over the years but always restored. The first restoration was undertaken by Fr. Cera himself. Recordings of the organ exist and are available online from St. Joseph's Church.
The main exhibit in the Ontario Science Centre in Toronto, Ontario is a hydraulophone, a kind of water-jet organ. This pipe organ has hydraulic action provided by three water pumps and the keys on the organ console are water jets, so that each "key" (water jet) affords a richly intricate means way to independently control volume, pitch, and timbre affecting each of the organ pipes. See Opening and Lesson (how to play it).
The 5/80 Theatre Organ in the residence of Jasper and Marian Sanfilippo of Barrington, Illinois, USA is considered[by whom?] to be the finest example of extension organ in the world today. Designed by David Junchen and installed in a purpose-built music room, its details can be viewed here.
The organ in the Weingarten Basilica, Germany is built around six church windows, with a detached console facing the church. The tracker action is entirely mechanical, sometimes spanning as much as 20 metres, and going around several corners. It was built by Joseph Gabler during 1713 - 1750. It is the largest organ with mechanical action in Europe. Photos and details can be viewed here.