Common name |
Binomial nomenclature for species or genus |
Psychoactive constituent(s) |
Regions/Cultures of use
|
African dream root |
Silene capensis |
Possibly triterpenoid saponins |
Xhosa people of South Africa.
|
Ayahuasca |
Banisteriopsis caapi |
Harmala alkaloids |
South America; people of the Amazon Rainforest. UDV of Brazil and United States. Use within ayahuasca.
|
Blue lily |
Nymphaea caerulea |
Nuciferine and aporphine |
Possibly ancient Egypt and South America.
|
Angel's trumpet |
Brugmansia spp. |
Tropane alkaloids |
South America, sometimes used as part of ayahuasca.
|
Bolivian torch cactus |
Echinopsis lageniformis syn. Trichocereus bridgesii |
Mescaline |
South America
|
Cannabis |
Cannabis spp. |
THC and other cannabinoids |
Sadhus of India. See also: religious and spiritual use of cannabis.
|
Chaliponga |
Diplopterys cabrerana |
DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin |
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru as part of ayahuasca.
|
Coca leaves |
Erythroxylum coca & Erythroxylum novogranatense spp. |
Primarily Cocaine |
Andes mountains and surrounding areas..
|
Harmal |
Peganum harmala |
Harmala alkaloids |
Turkey and the Middle East.
|
Hawaiian baby woodrose |
Argyreia nervosa |
Ergoline alkaloids |
Psychoactive, but may not have been used as an entheogen. Native to India. Traditional usage possible but mainly undocumented.
|
Henbane |
Hyoscyamus niger |
Tropane alkaloids |
Ancient Greece and witches of the Middle Ages.
|
Peruvian torch cactus |
Echinopsis peruviana syn. Trichocereus peruvianus |
Mescaline |
Pre-Incan Chavín rituals in Peru.
|
Iboga |
Tabernanthe iboga |
Ibogaine |
Bwiti religion of West Central Africa. Used by Western nations to treat opioid addiction.
|
Morning glory |
Ipomoea tricolor |
Ergoline alkaloids |
Aztecs
|
Morning glory |
Ipomoea violacea |
Ergoline alkaloids |
Mazatec[1]
|
Jimson weed |
Datura stramonium |
Tropane alkaloids |
Native Americans: Algonquian and Luiseño. Sadhus of India. Táltos of the Magyar (Hungary).
|
Khat |
Catha edulis |
cathinone, |
East-Africa/Middle East
|
Mapacho |
Nicotiana rustica |
Nicotine and harmala alkaloids |
South America
|
Jurema |
Mimosa tenuiflora syn. M. hostilis |
DMT and harmala alkaloids-ott claims to have taken bark alone and is active |
Northeastern Brazil
|
Peyote |
Lophophora williamsii |
Mescaline |
Oshara Tradition
|
Chacruna |
Psychotria viridis |
DMT |
UDV of Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and the Brazilian church. Santo Daime have used it as part of ayahuasca.
|
Ska María Pastora |
Salvia divinorum |
Salvinorin A |
Mazatec
|
San Pedro cactus |
Echinopsis pachanoi syn. Trichocereus pachanoi |
Mescaline |
South America
|
Tobacco |
Nicotiana rustica |
Nicotine, Harmala alk. |
North & South America, other spp. may have similar activity
|
Christmas vine |
Turbina corymbosa syn. Rivea corymbosa |
Ergoline alkaloids |
Mazatec[1]
|
Virola |
Virola spp. |
DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin |
South America
|
Vilca |
Anadenanthera colubrina |
DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin |
South America
|
Yopo |
Anadenanthera peregrina |
DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin |
South America
|