Mansi | |
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ма̄ньси ла̄тыӈ | |
Pronunciation | [maːnʲɕi laːtəŋ] |
Native to | Russia |
Region | Khanty–Mansi |
Ethnicity | 12,200 Mansi (2020 census)[1] |
Native speakers | 2,200 (2020 census)[1] |
Dialects |
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Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | mns |
Glottolog | mans1269 |
![]() Map of regions where those who speak the extant Northern Mansi and Eastern Mansi languages. The gradient represents the uncertainty in where these languages can be spoken. (2022) | |
![]() Northern Mansi is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010) | |
The Mansi languages are spoken by the Mansi people in Russia along the Ob River and its tributaries, in the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and Sverdlovsk Oblast. Traditionally considered a single language, they constitute a branch of the Uralic languages, often considered most closely related to neighbouring Khanty and then to Hungarian.
The base dialect of the Mansi literary language is the Sosva dialect, a representative of the northern language. The discussion below is based on the standard language. Fixed word order is typical in Mansi. Adverbials and participles play an important role in sentence construction. A written language was first published in 1868, and the current Cyrillic alphabet was devised in 1937.
Mansi is subdivided into four main dialect groups which are to a large degree mutually unintelligible, and therefore best considered four languages. A primary split can be set up between the Southern variety and the remainder. A number of features are also shared between the Western and Eastern varieties, while certain later sound changes have diffused between Eastern and Northern (and are also found in some neighboring dialects of Northern Khanty to the east).
Individual dialects are known according to the rivers their speakers live(d) on:[2]
Proto‑Mansi |
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The sub-dialects given above are those which were still spoken in the late 19th and early 20th century and have been documented in linguistic sources on Mansi. Pre-scientific records from the 18th and early 19th centuries exist also of other varieties of Western and Southern Mansi, spoken further west: the Tagil, Tura and Chusovaya dialects of Southern[3] and the Vishera dialect of Western.[4]
The two dialects last mentioned were hence spoken on the western slopes of the Urals, where also several early Russian sources document Mansi settlements. Placename evidence has been used to suggest Mansi presence reaching still much further west in earlier times,[5] though this has been criticized as poorly substantiated.[6]
Northern Mansi has strong Russian, Komi, Nenets, and Northern Khanty influence, and it forms the base of the literary Mansi language. There is no accusative case; that is, both the nominative and accusative roles are unmarked on the noun. */æ/ and */æː/ have been backed to [a] and [aː].
Western Mansi became extinct ca. 2000. It had strong Russian and Komi influences; dialect differences were also considerable.[7] Long vowels were diphthongized.
Eastern Mansi is spoken by 100–200 people. It has Khanty and Siberian Tatar influence. There is vowel harmony, and for */æː/ it has [œː], frequently diphthongized.
Southern (Tavda) Mansi was recorded from area isolated from the other Mansi varieties. Around 1900 a couple hundred speakers existed; in the 1960s it was spoken only by a few elderly speakers,[7] and it has since then become extinct. It had strong Tatar influence and displayed several archaisms such as vowel harmony, retention of /y/ (elsewhere merged with */æ/), /tsʲ/ (elsewhere deaffricated to /sʲ/), /æː/ (elsewhere fronted to /aː/ or diphthongized) and /ɑː/ (elsewhere raised to /oː/).
Labial | Alveolar | (Alveolo-) Palatal |
Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plain | Labialized | ||||
Nasals | /m/ м |
/n/ н |
/nʲ/ нь |
/ŋ/ ӈ |
/ŋʷ/ ӈв |
Stops | /p/ п |
/t/ т |
/tʲ/ ть |
/k/ к |
/kʷ/ кв |
Affricate | /ɕ/ [1] ~ /sʲ/ щ ~ сь |
||||
Fricatives | /s/ с |
/x/ [2] /ɣ/ х г |
/xʷ/ [3] *ɣʷ [4] хв (в) | ||
Semivowels | /j/ й |
/w/ в | |||
Laterals | /l/ л |
/lʲ/ ль |
|||
Trill | /r/ р |
The inventory presented here is a maximal collection of segments found across the Mansi varieties. Some remarks:
The vowel systems across Mansi show great variety. As typical across the Uralic languages, many more vowel distinctions were possible in the initial, stressed syllable than in unstressed ones. Up to 18–19 stressed vowel contrasts may be found in the Western and Eastern dialects, while Northern Mansi has a much reduced, largely symmetric system of 8 vowels, though lacking short **/e/ and having a very rare long [iː]:
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Remarks:
Main article: Mansi alphabets |
The first publication of the written Mansi language was a translation of the Gospel of Matthew published in London in 1868.[12] In 1932 a version of Latin alphabet was introduced by the Institute of the Peoples of the North with little success.
The former Latin alphabet:
In 1937, Cyrillic replaced the Latin.
The highlighted letters, and Г with the value /ɡ/, are used only in names and loanwords. The allophones /ɕ/ and /sʲ/ are written with the letter Щ or the digraph СЬ respectively.
А /a/ |
А̄ /aː/ |
Б /b/ |
В /◌ʷ/ |
Г /ɡ/, /ɣ/ |
Д /d/ |
Е /ʲe/ |
Е̄ /ʲeː/ |
Ё /ʲo/ |
Ё̄ /ʲoː/ |
Ж /ʒ/ |
З /z/ |
И /i/ |
Ӣ /iː/ |
Й /j/ |
К /k/ |
Л /l/, /ʎ/ |
М /m/ |
Н /n/, /ɲ/ |
Ӈ /ŋ/ |
О /o/ |
О̄ /oː/ |
П /p/ |
Р /r/ |
С /s/ |
Т /t/ |
У /u/ |
Ӯ /uː/ |
Ф /f/ |
Х /χ/ |
Ц /t͡s/ |
Ч /t͡ʃʲ/ |
Ш /ʃ/ |
Щ /ʃʲtʃʲ/ |
Ъ /-/ |
Ы /ɪ/ |
Ы̄ /ɪ:/ |
Ь /◌ʲ/ |
Э /ə~ɤ/ |
Э̄ /ə:~ɤ:/ |
Ю /ʲu/ |
Ю̄ /ʲuː/ |
Я /ʲa/ |
Я̄ /ʲaː/ |
Mansi is an agglutinating, subject–object–verb (SOV) language.[13]
One way to express a noun's definiteness in a sentence is with articles, and Northern Mansi uses two articles. The Indefinite is derived from the demonstrative pronominal word ань ('now'), the definite is derived from the number аква/акв ('one'); ань ('the'), акв ('a/an'). They both are used before the defined word. And if their adverbial and numeral meanings are to be expressed; ань always stands before the verb or a word with a similar function and is usually stressed, акв behaves the same and is always stressed.[14]
There is no grammatical gender. Mansi distinguishes between singular, dual and plural number. Six grammatical cases exist. Possession is expressed using possessive suffixes, for example -ум, which means "my".
There are 5 ways the case suffix can change.
case | sing. | dual | plural |
---|---|---|---|
nom. | пӯт puːt |
пӯтыг puːtɪɣ |
пӯтыт puːtət |
loc. | пӯтт puːtt |
пӯтыгт puːtɪɣt |
пӯтытт puːtətt |
lat. | пӯтн puːtn |
пӯтыгн puːtɪɣn |
пӯтытн puːtətn |
abl. | пӯтныл puːtnəl |
пӯтыгныл puːtɪɣnəl |
пӯтытныл puːtətnəl |
trans. | пӯтыг puːtɪɣ |
- | - |
instr. | пӯтыл puːtəl |
пӯтыгтыл puːtɪɣtəl |
пӯтытыл puːtətəl |
case | sing. | dual | plural |
---|---|---|---|
nom. | э̄ква eːkʷa |
э̄кваг eːkʷaɣ |
э̄кват eːkʷat |
loc. | э̄кват eːkʷat |
э̄квагт eːkʷaɣt |
э̄кватт eːkʷatt |
lat. | э̄кван eːkʷan |
э̄квагн eːkʷaɣn |
э̄кватн eːkʷatn |
abl. | э̄кваныл eːkʷanəl |
э̄квагныл eːkʷaɣnəl |
э̄кватныл eːkʷatnəl |
trans. | э̄кваг eːkʷaɣ |
- | - |
instr. | э̄квал eːkʷal |
э̄квагтыл eːkʷaɣtəl |
э̄кватыл eːkʷatəl |
case | sing. | dual | plural |
---|---|---|---|
nom. | са̄лы saːli |
са̄лыйиг saːlijiɣ |
са̄лыт eːkʷat |
loc. | са̄лыт saːlit |
са̄лыйигт saːlijiɣt |
са̄лытт saːlitt |
lat. | са̄лын saːlin |
са̄лыйигн saːlijiɣn |
са̄лытн saːlitn |
abl. | са̄лыныл saːlinəl |
са̄лыйигныл saːlijiɣnəl |
са̄лытныл saːlitnəl |
trans. | са̄лыйиг saːlijiɣ |
- | - |
instr. | са̄лыл saːlil |
са̄лыйигтыл saːlijiɣtəl |
са̄лытыл saːlitəl |
case | sing. | dual | plural |
---|---|---|---|
nom. | ща̄нь ɕaːnʲ |
ща̄ньыг ɕaːnʲɪɣ |
ща̄ньыт ɕaːnʲət |
loc. | ща̄ньт ɕaːnʲt |
ща̄ньыгт ɕaːnʲɪɣt |
ща̄ньытт ɕaːnʲətt |
lat. | ща̄ньн ɕaːnʲn |
ща̄ньыгн ɕaːnʲɪɣn |
ща̄ньытн ɕaːnʲətn |
abl. | ща̄ньныл ɕaːnʲnəl |
ща̄ньыгныл ɕaːnʲɪɣnəl |
ща̄ньытныл ɕaːnʲətnəl |
trans. | ща̄ниг ɕaːnʲiɣ |
- | - |
instr. | ща̄нил ɕaːnʲil |
ща̄ньыгтыл ɕaːnʲɪɣtəl |
ща̄ньытыл ɕaːnʲətəl |
case | sing. | dual | plural |
---|---|---|---|
nom. | сасыг sasɪɣ |
сасгыг sasɣɪɣ |
сасгыт sasɣət |
loc. | сасыгт sasɪɣt |
сасгыгт sasɣɪɣt |
сасгытт sasɣətt |
lat. | сасыгн sasɪɣn |
сасгыгн sasɣɪɣn |
сасгытн sasɣətn |
abl. | сасыгныл sasɪɣnəl |
сасгыгныл sasɣɪɣnəl |
сасгытныл sasɣətnəl |
trans. | сасгыг sasɣɪɣ |
- | - |
instr. | сасгыл sasɣəl |
сасгыгтыл sasɣɪɣtəl |
сасгытыл sasɣətəl |
Missing cases can be expressed using postpositions, such as халныл (χalnəl, 'of, out of'), саит (sait, 'after, behind'), etc.
Possession is expressed with possessive suffixes, and the suffix change is determined by the last letter of a word. There are 5 ways that the suffixes can change:
possessor | single | double | multiple |
---|---|---|---|
1st person sing. | пӯтум puːtɞ̯m |
пӯтагум puːtaɣɞ̯m |
пӯтанум puːtanɞ̯m |
2nd person sing. | пӯтын puːtən |
пӯтагын puːtaɣən |
пӯтан puːtan |
3rd person sing. | пӯтэ puːte |
пӯтаге puːtaɣe |
пӯтанэ puːtane |
1st person dual | пӯтме̄н puːtmeːn |
пӯтагаме̄н puːtaɣameːn |
пӯтанаме̄н puːtanameːn |
2nd person dual | пӯты̄н puːtiːn |
пӯтагы̄н puːtaɣiːn |
пӯтаны̄н puːtaniːn |
3rd person dual | пӯтэ̄ puːteː |
пӯтаге̄н puːtaɣeː |
пӯтанэ̄н puːtaneː |
1st person plu. | пӯтув puːtuw |
пӯтагув puːtaɣuw |
пӯтанув puːtanuw |
2nd person plu. | пӯты̄н puːtiːn |
пӯтагы̄н puːtaɣiːn |
пӯтаны̄н puːtaniːn |
3rd person plu. | пӯтаныл puːtanəl |
пӯтага̄ныл puːtanəl |
пӯта̄ныл puːtanəl |
possessor | single | double | multiple |
---|---|---|---|
1st person sing. | э̄квам eːkʷam |
э̄квагум eːkʷaɣɞ̯m |
э̄кванум eːkʷanɞ̯m |
2nd person sing. | э̄кван eːkʷan |
э̄квагын eːkʷaɣən |
э̄кван eːkʷan |
3rd person sing. | э̄кватэ eːkʷate |
э̄кваге eːkʷaɣe |
э̄кванэ eːkʷane |
1st person dual | э̄кваме̄н eːkʷameːn |
э̄квагаме̄н eːkʷaɣameːn |
э̄кванаме̄н eːkʷanameːn |
2nd person dual | э̄кван eːkʷan |
э̄квагы̄н eːkʷaɣiːn |
э̄кваны̄н eːkʷaniːn |
3rd person dual | э̄кватэ̄н eːkʷateːn |
э̄кваге̄н eːkʷaɣeː |
э̄кванэ̄н eːkʷaneː |
1st person plu. | э̄квав eːkʷaw |
э̄квагув eːkʷaɣuw |
э̄кванув eːkʷanuw |
2nd person plu. | э̄кван eːkʷan |
э̄квагы̄н eːkʷaɣiːn |
э̄кваны̄н eːkʷaniːn |
3rd person plu. | э̄кваныл eːkʷanəl |
э̄кваганыл eːkʷanəl |
э̄квананыл eːkʷanəl |
possessor | single | double | multiple |
---|---|---|---|
1st person sing. | са̄лым saːlim |
са̄лыягум saːlijaɣɞ̯m |
са̄лыянум saːlijanɞ̯m |
2nd person sing. | са̄лын saːlin |
са̄лыягын saːlijaɣən |
са̄лыян saːlijan |
3rd person sing. | са̄лытэ saːlite |
са̄лыяге saːlijaɣe |
са̄лыянэ saːlijane |
1st person dual | са̄лыме̄н saːlimeːn |
са̄лыягаме̄н saːlijaɣameːn |
са̄лыянаме̄н saːlijanameːn |
2nd person dual | са̄лын saːlin |
са̄лыягы̄н saːlijaɣiːn |
са̄лыяны̄н saːlijaniːn |
3rd person dual | са̄лытэ̄н saːliteː |
са̄лыяге̄н saːlijaɣeː |
са̄лыянэ̄н saːlijaneː |
1st person plu. | са̄лыюв saːlijuw |
са̄лыягув saːlijaɣuw |
са̄лыянув saːlijanuw |
2nd person plu. | са̄лын saːlin |
са̄лыягы̄н saːlijaɣiːn |
са̄лыяны̄н saːlijaniːn |
3rd person plu. | са̄лыяныл saːlijanəl |
са̄лыяганыл saːlijaɣanəl |
са̄лыянаныл saːlijananəl |
possessor | single | double | multiple |
---|---|---|---|
1st person sing. | ща̄нюм ɕaːnʲɞ̯m |
ща̄нягум ɕaːnʲaɣɞ̯m |
ща̄нянум ɕaːnʲanɞ̯m |
2nd person sing. | ща̄нин ɕaːnʲən |
ща̄нягын ɕaːnʲaɣən |
ща̄нян ɕaːnʲan |
3rd person sing. | ща̄не ɕaːnʲe |
ща̄няге ɕaːnʲaɣe |
ща̄нянэ ɕaːnʲane |
1st person dual | ща̄няме̄н ɕaːnʲameːn |
ща̄нягаме̄н ɕaːnʲaɣameːn |
ща̄нянаме̄н ɕaːnʲanameːn |
2nd person dual | ща̄нӣн ɕaːnʲiːn |
ща̄нягы̄н ɕaːnʲaɣiːn |
ща̄няны̄н ɕaːnʲaniːn |
3rd person dual | ща̄не̄ ɕaːnʲeː |
ща̄няге̄н ɕaːnʲaɣeː |
ща̄нянэ̄н ɕaːnʲaneː |
1st person plu. | ща̄нюв ɕaːnʲuw |
ща̄нягув ɕaːnʲaɣuw |
ща̄нянув ɕaːnʲanuw |
2nd person plu. | ща̄нӣн ɕaːnʲiːn |
ща̄нягы̄н ɕaːnʲaɣiːn |
ща̄няны̄н ɕaːnʲaniːn |
3rd person plu. | ща̄няныл ɕaːnʲanəl |
ща̄няга̄ныл ɕaːnʲanəl |
ща̄ня̄ныл ɕaːnʲanəl |
possessor | single | double | multiple |
---|---|---|---|
1st person sing. | сасгум sasɣɞ̯m |
сасгагум sasɣaɣɞ̯m |
сасганум sasɣanɞ̯m |
2nd person sing. | сасгын sasɣən |
сасгагын sasɣaɣən |
сасган sasɣan |
3rd person sing. | сасгэ sasɣe |
сасгаге sasɣaɣe |
сасганэ sasɣane |
1st person dual | сасыгме̄н sasɪɣmeːn |
сасгагаме̄н sasɣaɣameːn |
сасганаме̄н sasɣanameːn |
2nd person dual | сасгы̄н sasɣiːn |
сасгагы̄н sasɣaɣiːn |
сасганы̄н sasɣaniːn |
3rd person dual | сасгэ̄ sasɣeː |
сасгаге̄н sasɣaɣeː |
сасганэ̄н sasɣaneː |
1st person plu. | сасгув sasɣuw |
сасгагув sasɣaɣuw |
сасганув sasɣanuw |
2nd person plu. | сасгы̄н sasɣiːn |
сасгагы̄н sasɣaɣiːn |
сасганы̄н sasɣaniːn |
3rd person plu. | сасганыл sasɣanəl |
сасгага̄ныл sasɣaɣaːnəl |
сасга̄ныл sasɣanəl |
Mansi conjugation has three persons, three numbers, two tenses, and five moods. Active and passive voices exist.
There is no clear distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs.[18]
The verb can conjugate in a Definite and Indefinite way which depends on if the sentence has an object, which the action depicted by the verb refers to directly.
Personal suffixes are attached after the verbal marker. The suffixes are the following:
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | -ум | -ме̄н | -в |
2nd person | -ын | -ы̄н | -ы̄н |
3rd person | -ø | -ø | -ыт |
Tenses are formed with suffixes except for the future.
The tense suffix precedes the personal suffix. The form of the present tense suffix depends on the character of the verbal stem, as well as moods. Tense conjugation is formed with the suffixes -эг, -э̄г, -и, -э, -э̄, -г, or -в.[19] In the following examples, the tense suffix is in bold and the personal ending is in italic.
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | рӯпитэ̄гум | рӯпитыме̄н | рӯпитэ̄в |
2nd person | рӯпитэ̄гын | рӯпитэгы̄н | рӯпитэгы̄н |
3rd person | рӯпиты | рӯпитэ̄г | рӯпитэ̄гыт |
The present tense suffix -э̄г is used if the following personal marker contains a consonant or a highly reduced vowel; the suffix -эг is used if the following personal marker has a stronger vowel, as it is the case in 2nd person dual and plural. 1st person dual has no tense marker but rather a ы between the verb stem and personal ending.
Verb stems that end in a vowel, have -г as verbal marker. Verb stems that end with the vowel у have -в as verbal marker.[20]
3rd person dual has no personal ending. If the verbal stem ends in a vowel, the tense suffix becomes -ыг.
1st person plural personal ending is -в if the verbal stems ends in a consonant; the personal ending becomes -ув if the verbal stem ends in a vowel.
The past tense suffix if the verb stem is monosylabalic is -ыс- and if the verb is polysyllabic it is -ас-:
Сяр ма̄ньлат каснэ хум Евгений Глызин о̄лыс. | The youngest participant in the competition was Jevgeni Glizin. |
Ёська мо̄лхо̄тал урт рӯпитас. | Joseph worked at the mountain yesterday. |
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | рӯпитасум | рӯпитасаме̄н | рӯпитасув |
2nd person | рӯпитасын | рӯпитасы̄н | рӯпитасы̄н |
3rd person | рӯпитас | рӯпитасы̄г | рӯпита̄сыт |
3rd person dual in past tense has a -ы̄г personal ending.
The 1st person plural personal suffix turns into -ув.
To represent the Future, the verb патуӈкве (not dissimilar to Hungarians use of the verb fogni) is used as an auxiliary verb conjugated in the Present Indicative:
Тав кӯтювытыл рӯпитаӈкве паты. | He will work with (female) dogs. |
Verbs can conjugate two ways to show their agreement with the sentence's object.
In Indefinite verb conjugations there is no object present. It is not represented by any suffix.
In Definite verb conjugations there are three ways the verb can represent the direct object's number.
Singular Object | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | рӯпитылум | рӯпитыламēн | рӯпитылув |
2nd person | рӯпитылын | рӯпитылы̄н | рӯпитылы̄н |
3rd person | рӯпитытэ | рӯпитытэ̄н | рӯпитыяныл |
The singular object is expressed with the -ыл- suffix which changes depending on the mood and tense.
Dual Object | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | рӯпитыягум | рӯпитыягмēн | рӯпитыягув |
2nd person | рӯпитыягын | рӯпитыягы̄н | рӯпитыягы̄н |
3rd person | рӯпитыяге | рӯпитыягēн | рӯпитыяга̄ныл |
The dual object is expressed with the -ыяг- suffix which changes depending on the mood and tense.
Plural Object | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | рӯпитыянум | рӯпитыянмēн | рӯпитыянув |
2nd person | рӯпитыянын or рӯпитыян |
рӯпитыяны̄н or рӯпитыян |
рӯпитыяны̄н or рӯпитыян |
3rd person | рӯпитыянэ | рӯпитыянанэ̄н or рӯпитыянэ̄н |
рӯпитыяна̄ныл or рӯпитыя̄ныл |
The plural object is expressed with the -ыян- suffix which changes depending on the mood and tense.
There are four moods: indicative, mirative, optative, imperative and conditional.
Indicative mood has no suffix. Imperative mood exists only in the second person. Optative and Imperative don't have tenses.
Is a mood presented in the present indefinite by the -не suffix and by the -но in definite.
In the past tense it is represented by the -ам suffix, both in indefinite and definite.
The mood is represented by the -нӯв and -нув suffixes, determined by the vowel in the next suffix.
It exists only in the second person, and in indefinite conjugation, it doesn't show any personal markers, and it is represented by the -эн and -э̄н suffixes.
Verbs have active and passive voice. Active voice has no suffix; the suffix to express the passive is -ве-.
Verbal prefixes are used to modify the meaning of the verb in both concrete and abstract ways. For example, with the prefix эл- (el-) (away, off) the verb мина (mina) (go) becomes элмина (elmina), which means to go away. This is surprisingly close to the Hungarian equivalents: el- (away) and menni (to go), where elmenni is to go away
ēl(a) – 'forwards, onwards, away'
jōm- 'to go, to stride' | ēl-jōm- 'to go away/on' |
tinal- 'to sell' | ēl-tinal- 'to sell off' |
χot – 'direction away from something and other nuances of action intensity'
min- 'to go' | χot-min- 'to go away, to stop' |
roχt- 'to be frightened' | χot-roχt- 'to take fright suddenly' |
The vocabulary of the Mansi languages is distinguished by a fairly large number of forms for denoting concepts related to hunting, reindeer husbandry, fishing (the main traditional occupations of the Mansi). For example, there are about seven words are used to define different types of swamps. At the same time, the language almost lacks its socio-political vocabulary. To denote such concepts that appeared in the life of Mansi in the 20th century; compounding, derivation (rarely affixation), and or borrowings were used. For example, "hospital" can be described by a borrowing пӯльница and derivation пусмалтан кол literally "medicinal/curative house".
Words from extinct dialects could also be revitalized in the literary language[citation needed]
Northern Mansi differentiates between relatives based on from which side of the family they came from and also their relative age, for example:
|
|
Siblings are similarly differentiated to Hungarian and other Uralic languages:
younger | elder | unspecified | |
---|---|---|---|
sister | э̄сь | ӯвси | яга̄ги |
brother | а̄пси/кась | каӈк | ягпыг |
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Northern Mansi:
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in English:
# | Northern Sosva Mansi | Hungarian |
---|---|---|
1 | аква (akʷa) | egy |
2 | китыг (kitɪɣ) | kettő |
3 | хурум (xuːrɞ̯m) | három |
4 | нила (nʲila) | négy |
5 | ат (at) | öt |
6 | хот (xoːt) | hat |
7 | са̄т / ма̄нь са̄т (saːt / maːnʲ saːt) | hét |
8 | нёлолов (nʲololow) | nyolc |
9 | онтолов (ontolow) | kilenc |
10 | лов (low) | tíz |
20 | хус (xus) | húsz |
100 | са̄т / яныг са̄т (saːt / janiɣ saːt) | száz |
1000 | со̄тыр (soːtər) | ezer |
Numbers 1 and 2 also have attributive forms: акв (1) and кит (2); compare with Hungarian két, Old Hungarian kit).
The ма̄нь and яныг before 7 and 100 are there to differentiate between the two if both are in the same number or sentence; meaning small and big respectively.
The Mansi numbering system is different in this range than after twenty.
Here, you form a number with the word хуйп (above, more than);
# | Northern Sosva Mansi | Hungarian |
---|---|---|
11 | аквхуйплов (akʷxujploβ) | tizenegy |
15 | атхуйплов (atxujploβ) | tizenöt |
19 | онтоловхуйплов (ontoloβxujploβ) | tizenkilenc |
Therefore, аквхуйплов means "one over/above ten", in a similar way to other Uralic languages.
Number is this range use the word нупыл (towards);
# | Northern Sosva Mansi | Hungarian |
---|---|---|
21 | ва̄т нупыл аква (βaːt nupəl akʷa) | huszonegy |
31 | налыман нупыл аква (naliman nupəl akʷa) | harmincegy |
41 | атпан нупыл аква (atpan nupəl akʷa) | negyvenegy |
51 | хо̄тпан нупыл аква (xoːtpan nupəl akʷa) | ötvenegy |
61 | са̄тлов нупыл аква (saːtloβ nupəl akʷa) | hatvanegy |
71 | нёлса̄т нупыл аква (nʲolsaːt nupəl akʷa) | hetvenegy |
81 | онтырса̄т нупыл аква (ontərsaːt nupəl akʷa) | nyolcvanegy |
91 | са̄т нупыл аква (saːt nupəl akʷa) | kilencvenegy |
Therefore, ва̄т нупыл аква means "Towards thirty with one".
You just add the number after the biggest number;
# | Northern Sosva Mansi | Hungarian |
---|---|---|
101 | са̄т аква (saːt akʷa) | százegy |
111 | са̄т аквхуйплов (saːt akʷxujploβ) | száztizenegy |
121 | са̄т ва̄т нупыл аква (saːt βaːt nupəl akʷa) | százhuszonegy |
201 | китса̄т аква (xoːtpan akʷa) | kétszázegy |
301 | хурумса̄т аква (xuːrɞ̯msaːt akʷa) | háromszázegy |
Northern Mansi | English |
---|---|
Паща о̄лэн/Пася о̄лэн | Hello (to one person) |
Паща о̄лэ̄н/Пася о̄лэ̄н | Hello (to multiple people) |
Наӈ наме[1] ма̄ныр?/Наӈ намын[2] ма̄ныр? | What is your name? |
Ам намум ___. | My name is ____. |
Пӯмасипа!/Пӯмащипа! | Thank you |
О̄с ёмас ӯлум | Goodbye |
Ёмас ӯлум | Good night (Good dream) |
нэ̄ | woman |
хум | man, person |
ня̄врам | child |
юрт, рума | friend |
а̄щ/а̄сь | father |
ща̄нь/ся̄нь | mother |
пы̄г | boy |
а̄ги | girl |
кол | house |
ӯс | city |
ма̄ | land |
ха̄ль | birch tree |
я̄ | river |
во̄р | forest |
тӯр | lake |
нэ̄пак | book |
пасан | table |
а̄мп, кӯтюв | dog |
кати | cat |
ӯй | animal |
во̄рто̄лнут | bear |
хӯл | fish |
Northern Mansi | English | Morphological translation |
---|---|---|
А̄кврись, а̄кврись, тутсяӈын хо̄т? — А̄мпын тотвес. |
Dear auntie, dear auntie, where is your sewing kit? — It has been taken by the dog. |
Auntie.dear, auntie.dear, sewing-kit.your where? — Dog.by taken.was.(it). |