Maria Carolina or Marie Caroline may refer to:

Royalty

• Maria Karolina Sobieska (1697–1740), Princess of Turenne and Duchess of Bouillon
• Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (born 1740) (1740–1741), daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I
• Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (stillborn 1748), daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I
• Maria Carolina of Austria (1752–1814), Queen of Naples and Sicily from 1768 to 1814, daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I
• Princess Maria Carolina of Savoy (1764–1782), Electoral Princess of Saxony
• Maria Caroline Gibert de Lametz (1793–1879), Princess of Monaco
• Marie-Caroline of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duchess of Berry (1798–1870), Duchess of Berry
• Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria (1801–1832), Crown Princess of Saxony
• Princess Maria Carolina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1820–1861), Countess of Montemolin
• Princess Maria Carolina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1822–1869), Duchess of Aumale
• Archduchess Maria Karoline of Austria (1825–1915), granddaughter of Emperor Leopold II
• Princess Maria Carolina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1856–1941), Countess Maria Carolina Zamoyska
• Princess Maria Karoline of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1899–1941), daughter of Prince August Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
• Princess Marie-Caroline of Liechtenstein (born 1996), daughter of Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein
• Princess Maria Carolina of Bourbon (born 2003), daughter of Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro

Others

• Marie Caroline Bjelke-Petersen (1874–1969), Danish-Australian novelist
• Maria Veleda (Maria Carolina Frederico Crispin, 1871–1955), Portuguese educator, journalist and activist
• Maria Carolina Gomes Santiago (born 1985), Brazilian Paralympic swimmer
• Carolina Herrera (born 1939), born María Carolina Josefina Pacanins y Niño, Venezuelan fashion designer
• Marie-Caroline Le Pen (born 1960), daughter of Jean-Marie Le Pen
• Carolina Luján (María Carolina Luján, born 1985), Argentine chess player
• Marie Caroline Miolan-Carvalho (1827–1895), French soprano
• María Carolina Santa Cruz (born 1978), Argentine swimmer
• Maria Carolina Wolf (1742–1820), German pianist, singer and composer