The Nine Lights Doctrine (Turkish: Dokuz Işık Doktrini) refers to an ideology introduced by Alparslan Turkeş, the founder of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) of Turkey.[1]

Precepts

Each of the lights is presented as a precept "good-for-everybody". The nine lights are as follows:[2]

History

The Nine Lights Doctrine was first published in 1965 as a political pamphlet,[4] but by 1978 it evolved into an ideology presented in a book of 672 pages.[2] The nine light doctrine was included into the party program of the Republican Peasants' Nationalist Party in 1967,[5] which later changed its name and evolved into the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) in 1969.[5] Fikret Eren [tr] further elaborated on the Nine Lights Doctrine and explained that the national societalist ideology was different than both socialism and capitalism which he claimed would exploit the majority of the population.[3] He demanded the creation of ten percent farmer villages in Turkey which then would produce for the local population.[3] The membership in workers unions would have to be mandatory, but not under the control of the state.[3]

References

  1. ^ "PROFILE - Turkish nationalist leader commemorated 23 years on". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  2. ^ a b Landau, Jacob M. (2004). Exploring Ottoman and Turkish History. Hurst & Company. p. 203. ISBN 978-1-85065-752-1.
  3. ^ a b c d Uzer, Umut (2016). An Intellectual History of Turkish Nationalism: Between Turkish Ethnicity and Islamic Identity. University of Utah Press. p. 201. ISBN 978-1-60781-465-8.
  4. ^ Landau, Jacob M. (1981). Pan Turkism in Turkey, study of irredentism. C. Hurst & Co. p. 150. ISBN 0905838572.
  5. ^ a b Rubin, Barry M.; Heper, Metin (2002). Political Parties in Turkey. Psychology Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN 978-0-7146-5274-0.
Categories