North Warning System emblem
File:BAR-1 NWS Site Komakuk Beach Yukon Territory.jpg
The former BAR-1 DEW Line station at Komakuk Beach, Yukon Territory has been replaced by a smaller North Warning System Short Range AN/FPS-124 Radar facility.

The North Warning System (NWS) is a joint United States and Canadian radar system for the atmospheric air defense of North America. It provides surveillance of airspace from potential incursions or attacks from across North America's polar region. It replaced the Distant Early Warning Line system in the late 1980s.

Overview

The NWS consists of both long AN/FPS-117 and short range AN/FPS-124 surveillance radars, operated and maintained by the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). The Alaska Regional Operations Control Center (ROCC) at Elmendorf AFB, Alaska controls the stations in Alaska; the Canada East and Canada West Regional Operations Control Centers (ROCCs) at CFB North Bay, Ontario control the stations in Canada. ROCC information is then passed to the North American Air Defense Command (NORAD) Combat Operations Centre (COC) at Colorado Springs, Colorado.

The Distant Early Warning Line, constructed in the late 1950s, was reaching obsolescence in the 1980s. With the signing of North American Air Defence Modernization agreement at the "Shamrock Summit" between Prime Minister Mulroney and President Reagan in Quebec City on 18 March 1985 the DEW Line began it's eventual upgrading and transition becoming the North Warning System (NWS) of today.

The NWS began limited operation in 1988 with the commissioning and acceptance of the three newly constructed east coast sites BAF-3 Brevoort Island NUNAVUT, LAB-2 Saglek, and LAB-6 Cartwright both in Labrador. Throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s, new NWS LRR radars replaced former DEW Line sites. DEW sites that weren't transitioned to North Warning operation were eventually closed down. The official activation of the NWS and inactivation of the DEW Line took place on 15 July 1993.

The bi-national North Warning System Office (NWSO) is located in Ottawa, Ontario and staffed with both Canadian and American military and civilian personnel. Manned sites are operated by the Canadian Forces Air Command. Logistical and maintenance support for the NWS is supplied by the United States Air Force Materiel Command, Ogden Air Logistics Center (OO-ALC), Hill Air Force Base, Utah.

Stations

The NWS consists of 15 long-range radars (11 in Canada of which 8 were DEW Line sites) and 39 short-range radars (36 in Canada).[1] The system forms a 4,800-kilometer-long and 320-kilometer-wide "tripwire" stretching from Alaska, via Canada, to Southern Labrador.

Site ID Name Location Radar Coordinates Activated Inactivated Notes
LIZ-2 Point Lay AK FPS-124 69°01′27″N 163°51′26″W / 69.02417°N 163.85722°W / 69.02417; -163.85722 (Point Lay SRR LIZ-2) 1955 1994 Established as DEW Line Auxillary site, 1955. Also was part of Alaska Radar System, site A-15. DEW operations ended 1989; minimally-attended NWS Short Range Radar installed 1990; Site Inactivated 1994 and remediation work was completed by 2005. Gravel runway and building pads remain. See also: Point Lay LRRS Airport (PPIZ)
LIZ-3 Wainwright AK FPS-124 70°36′37″N 159°52′12″W / 70.61028°N 159.87000°W / 70.61028; -159.87000 (Wainwright SRR LIZ-3) 1955 2007 Established as DEW Line Auxillary site, 1955. Also was part of Alaska Radar System, site A-16. DEW operations ended 1995; minimally-attended NWS Short Range Radar installed 1994; Former DEW station remediation work was completed by 2005. Site Inactivated 2007 due to soil erosion & budget concerns. See also: Wainwright Airport (PAWI)
POW-M Point Barrow AK FPS-117 71°19′38″N 156°38′10″W / 71.32722°N 156.63611°W / 71.32722; -156.63611 (Point Barrow LRR POW-M) 1957 Active Established as DEW Line Main site, 1957. Also is part of Alaska Radar System, site A-17, Maintained by USAF 611th Air Support Group. DEW operations ended 1998; minimally-attended NWS Long Range Radar installed 1999 Station buildings remain in use and in good repair. See also: Point Barrow Long Range Radar Site
POW-1 Point Lonely AK FPS-124 70°54′37″N 153°14′23″W / 70.91028°N 153.23972°W / 70.91028; -153.23972 (Lonely SRR POW-1) 1957 2007 Established as DEW Line Auxillary site, 1957. Also was part of Alaska Radar System, site A-18. DEW operations ended 1990; minimally-attended NWS Short Range Radar installed 1994. Site Inactivated 2007 due to soil erosion & budget concerns. Station buildings remain in good repair. See also: Lonely Air Station (PALN)
POW-2 Oliktok AK FPS-117 70°29′54″N 149°53′22″W / 70.49833°N 149.88944°W / 70.49833; -149.88944 (Oliktok LRR POW-2) 1957 Active Established as DEW Line Auxillary site, 1957. Also is part of Alaska Radar System, site A-19, Maintained by USAF 611th Air Support Group. DEW operations ended 1989; minimally-attended NWS Long Range Radar installed 1990. Station buildings remain in use and in good repair. See: Oliktok Long Range Radar Site
POW-3 Flaxman Island AK FPS-124 70°10′34″N 146°51′19″W / 70.17611°N 146.85528°W / 70.17611; -146.85528 (Flaxman Island SRR POW-3) 1957 2007 Established as DEW Line Auxillary site, 1957. Also was part of Alaska Radar System as Bullen Point Short Range Radar Site site A-20. DEW operations ended 1995; minimally-attended NWS Short Range Radar installed 1994. Site Inactivated 2007 due to soil erosion & budget concerns. Station buildings remain in good repair.
BAR-M Barter Island AK FPS-117 70°07′49″N 143°38′21″W / 70.13028°N 143.63917°W / 70.13028; -143.63917 (Barter Island LRR BAR-M) 1957 Active Established as DEW Line Main site, 1957. Also is part of Alaska Radar System, site A-21, Maintained by USAF 611th Air Support Group. DEW operations ended 1989; minimally-attended NWS Long Range Radar installed 1990 Station buildings remain in use and in good repair. See also: Barter Island LRRS Airport (PABA)
BAR-1 Komakuk Beach YT FPS-124 69°35′41″N 140°10′41″W / 69.59472°N 140.17806°W / 69.59472; -140.17806 (Komakuk Beach SRR BAR-1) 1957 Active Established as DEW Line Auxillary site, 1957, operations ended 1989; minimally-attended NWS Short Range Radar installed 1990. Now located in the Yukon's Ivvavik National Park, station site remediation work was completed by 2005. Komakuk Beach SRRS Airport (ICAO: CYAJ) remains in use for access to site.
BAR-B Stokes Point YT FPS-124 69°19′49″N 138°44′13″W / 69.33028°N 138.73694°W / 69.33028; -138.73694 (Stokes Point SRR BAR-B) 1957 Active Established as DEW Intermediate site, closed and site abandoned in 1963. Reopened as minimally-attended NWS Short Range Radar site in 1991. Now located in the Yukon's Ivvavik National Park, no station site remediation is planned. Stokes Point SRRS Airstrip remains in use for access to site.
BAR-2 Shingle Point YT FPS-117 68°55′22″N 137°15′38″W / 68.92278°N 137.26056°W / 68.92278; -137.26056 (Shingle Point LRR BAR-2) 1957 Active Established as DEW Line Auxillary site, 1957, operations ended 1989; minimally-attended NWS Long Range Radar installed 1989. Now located in the Yukon's Ivvavik National Park; station site remediation status is undetermined. Shingle Point SRRS Airport (ICAO: CYUA) remains in use for access to site.
BAR-BA3 Storm Hills NT FPS-124 68°53′39″N 133°56′31″W / 68.89417°N 133.94194°W / 68.89417; -133.94194 (Storm Hills SRR BAR-BA3) 1990 Active New NWS LRR site activated November 1990
BAR-3 Tuktoyaktuk NT FPS-124 69°26′35″N 132°59′55″W / 69.44306°N 132.99861°W / 69.44306; -132.99861 (Tuktoyaktuk SRR BAR-3) 1957 Active DEW operations ended 1993; Short Range Radar installed 1990
BAR-DA1 Liverpool Bay NT FPS-124 69°36′15″N 130°53′37″W / 69.60417°N 130.89361°W / 69.60417; -130.89361 (Liverpool Bay SRR BAR-DA1) 1990 Active New NWS SRR site activated November 1990
BAR-4 Nicholson Peninsula NT FPS-124 69°55′27″N 128°58′24″W / 69.92417°N 128.97333°W / 69.92417; -128.97333 (Nicholson Peninsula SRR BAR-4) 1953 Active DEW operations ended 1993; Short Range Radar installed 1990
BAR-E Horton River NT FPS-124 70°00′59″N 126°56′35″W / 70.01639°N 126.94306°W / 70.01639; -126.94306 (Horton River SRR BAR-E) 1957 Active DEW Intermediate site "Malloch Hills", closed 1963. Reopened as NWS Short Range Radar site June 1991
PIN-M Cape Parry NT FPS-117 70°10′17″N 124°43′30″W / 70.17139°N 124.72500°W / 70.17139; -124.72500 (Cape Parry LRR PIN-M) 1953 Active Former DEW MAIN site, DEW operations ended 1989; Long Range Radar installed 1989
PIN-1BD Keats Point NT FPS-124 69°40′22″N 121°40′19″W / 69.67278°N 121.67194°W / 69.67278; -121.67194 (Keats Point SRR PIN-1BD) 1991 Active New NWS SRR site activated July 1991
PIN-1BG Croker River NU FPS-124 69°16′00″N 119°13′00″W / 69.26667°N 119.21667°W / 69.26667; -119.21667 (Croker River SRR PIN-1BG) 1991 Active New NWS SRR site activated August 1991
PIN-2A Harding River NU FPS-124 68°50′10″N 116°58′05″W / 68.83611°N 116.96806°W / 68.83611; -116.96806 (Harding River SRR PIN-2A) 1991 Active New NWS SRR site activated September 1991
PIN-CB Bernard Harbor NU FPS-124 68°45′19″N 114°56′21″W / 68.75528°N 114.93917°W / 68.75528; -114.93917 (Bernard Harbor SRR PIN-CB) 1991 Active New NWS SRR site activated September 1991
PIN-3 Lady Franklin Point NU FPS-117 68°28′45″N 113°13′32″W / 68.47917°N 113.22556°W / 68.47917; -113.22556 (Lady Franklin Point LRR PIN-3) 1957 Active Former DEW Auxiliary site, operations ended 1989; Long Range Radar installed 1989
PIN-DA Edinburgh Island NU FPS-124 68°29′09″N 110°51′50″W / 68.48583°N 110.86389°W / 68.48583; -110.86389 (Edinburgh Island SRR PIN-DA) 1991 Active New NWS SRR site activated October 1991
PIN-EB Cape Peel West NU FPS-124 69°02′11″N 107°49′18″W / 69.03639°N 107.82167°W / 69.03639; -107.82167 (Cape Peel Wes SRR PIN-EB) 1991 Active New NWS SRR site activated October 1991
CAM-M Cambridge Bay NU FPS-117 69°06′58″N 105°07′08″W / 69.11611°N 105.11889°W / 69.11611; -105.11889 (Cambridge Bay LRR CAM-M) 1957 Active Former DEW Main site, operations ended 1989; Long Range Radar installed 1989
CAM-A3A Sturt Point NU FPS-124 68°57′47″N 103°45′34″W / 68.96306°N 103.75944°W / 68.96306; -103.75944 (Sturt Point SRR CAM-A3A) 1991 Active New NWS SRR site activated October 1991
CAM-1A Jenny Lind Island NU FPS-124 68°44′31″N 101°51′17″W / 68.74194°N 101.85472°W / 68.74194; -101.85472 (Jenny Lind Island SRR CAM-1A) 1991 Active New NWS SRR site activated October 1991
CAM-B Hat Island NU FPS-124 68°19′02″N 100°04′09″W / 68.31722°N 100.06917°W / 68.31722; -100.06917 (Hat Island SRR CAM-B) 1991 Active Former DEW Intermediate site, closed 1963; New NWS SRR site activated September 1991
CAM-2 Gladman NU FPS-124 68°40′48″N 097°48′38″W / 68.68000°N 97.81056°W / 68.68000; -97.81056 (Gladman SRR CAM-2) 1957 Active Former DEW Auxillary site, operations ceased 1992. SRR site activated October 1990
CAM-CB Gjoa Haven NU FPS-124 68°38′03″N 095°51′56″W / 68.63417°N 95.86556°W / 68.63417; -95.86556 (Gjoa Haven SRR CAM-CB) 1990 Active New NWS SRR site activated October 1990
CAM-3 Shepherd Bay NU FPS-117 68°47′34″N 093°26′25″W / 68.79278°N 93.44028°W / 68.79278; -93.44028 (Shepherd Bay LRR CAM-3) 1957 Active Former DEW Auxillary site, operations ceased July 1989. SRR site activated July 1989
CAM-D Simpson Lake NU FPS-124 68°35′41″N 091°57′24″W / 68.59472°N 91.95667°W / 68.59472; -91.95667 (Hat Island SRR CAM-D) 1957 Active Former DEW Intermediate site, closed 1963; New NWS SRR site activated September 1991
CAM-4 Pelly Bay NU FPS-124 68°26′13″N 089°43′34″W / 68.43694°N 89.72611°W / 68.43694; -89.72611 (Pelly Bay SRR CAM-4) 1957 Active Former DEW Auxillary site, operations ceased 1992. SRR site activated September 1991
CAM-5A Cape McLoughlin NU FPS-124 69°39′13″N 085°31′04″W / 69.65361°N 85.51778°W / 69.65361; -85.51778 (Cape McLoughlin SRR CAM-5A) 1992 Active Location approximate. New NWS SRR site activated July 1992
CAM-FA Lailor River NU FPS-124 69°06′38″N 083°32′23″W / 69.11056°N 83.53972°W / 69.11056; -83.53972 (Lailor River SRR CAM-FA) 1992 Active New NWS SRR site activated August 1992
FOX-M Hall Beach NU FPS-117 68°45′39″N 081°13′35″W / 68.76083°N 81.22639°W / 68.76083; -81.22639 (Hall Beach LRR FOX-M) 1957 Active Former DEW Main site also known as "Site 30", operations ended September 1989; Long Range Radar installed September 1989
FOX-1 Rowley Island NU FPS-124 69°04′01″N 079°03′55″W / 69.06694°N 79.06528°W / 69.06694; -79.06528 (Rowley Island SRR FOX-1) 1957 Active Former DEW Auxillary site, operations ceased 1991. SRR site activated August 1991
FOX-A Bray Island NU FPS-124 69°13′26″N 077°13′48″W / 69.22389°N 77.23000°W / 69.22389; -77.23000 (Bray Island SRR FOX-A) 1957 Active Former DEW Intermediate site, AKA "Site 32", closed 1963; New NWS SRR site activated August 1991
FOX-2 Longstaff Bluff NU FPS-124 68°53′56″N 075°08′20″W / 68.89889°N 75.13889°W / 68.89889; -75.13889 (Longstaff Bluff SRR FOX-2) 1957 Active Former DEW Auxillary site, AKS "Site 33", operations ceased August 1991. SRR site activated November 1990
FOX-B Nudluardjk Lake NU FPS-124 68°37′10″N 073°12′45″W / 68.61944°N 73.21250°W / 68.61944; -73.21250 (Nudluardjk Lake SRR FOX-B) 1957 Active Former DEW Intermediate site, AKA "West Baffin", closed 1963; New NWS SRR site activated October 1991
FOX-3 Dewar Lakes NU FPS-117 68°39′02″N 071°13′58″W / 68.65056°N 71.23278°W / 68.65056; -71.23278 (Dewar Lakes LRR FOX-3) 1957 Active Former DEW Auxillary site, operations ceased July 1989. LRR site activated July 1989
FOX-CA Kangok Fjord NU FPS-124 68°38′51″N 069°07′47″W / 68.64750°N 69.12972°W / 68.64750; -69.12972 (Kangok Fjord SRR FOX-CA) 1992 Active New NWS SRR site activated September 1992
FOX-4 Cape Hooper NU FPS-124 68°28′21″N 066°48′01″W / 68.47250°N 66.80028°W / 68.47250; -66.80028 (Cape Hooper SRR FOX-4) 1957 Active Former DEW Auxillary site, AKA as "Site 37", operations ceased 1991. SRR site activated December 1990
FOX-5 Broughton Island NU FPS-124 67°32′05″N 063°47′10″W / 67.53472°N 63.78611°W / 67.53472; -63.78611 (Broughton Island SRR FOX-5) 1957 Active Former DEW Auxillary site, AKA as "Qikiqtarjuaq" or "Site 39", operations ceased 1991. SRR site activated December 1990
DYE-M Cape Dyer NU FPS-117 66°39′52″N 061°21′21″W / 66.66444°N 61.35583°W / 66.66444; -61.35583 (Cape Dyer LRR DYE-M) 1957 Active Former DEW Main site also known as "Site 41", operations ended August 1989; Long Range Radar installed August 1989
BAF-2 Cape Mercy NU FPS-124 64°57′17″N 063°33′38″W / 64.95472°N 63.56056°W / 64.95472; -63.56056 (Cape Mercy SRR BAF-2) 1992 Active New NWS SRR site activated July 1992
BAF-3 Breevport Island NU FPS-117 63°20′24″N 064°09′29″W / 63.34000°N 64.15806°W / 63.34000; -64.15806 (Breevport Island LRR BAF-3) 1988 Active New NWS LRR site activated October 1988
BAF-4A Loks Land NU FPS-124 62°30′22″N 064°31′06″W / 62.50611°N 64.51833°W / 62.50611; -64.51833 (Loks Land SRR BAF-4A) 1992 Active New NWS SRR site activated August 1992
BAF-5 Resolution Island NU FPS-124 61°35′47″N 064°38′20″W / 61.59639°N 64.63889°W / 61.59639; -64.63889 (Resolution Island SRR BAF-5) 1943 Active Former Pinetree Line radar station N-30, closed 1961; NWS SRR site established September 1991.
LAB-1 Cape Kakiviak NL FPS-124 59°59′15″N 064°09′55″W / 59.98750°N 64.16528°W / 59.98750; -64.16528 (Cape Kakiviak SRR LAB-1) 1992 Active New NWS SRR site activated July 1992
LAB-2 Saglek NL FPS-117 58°29′19″N 062°35′08″W / 58.48861°N 62.58556°W / 58.48861; -62.58556 (Saglek LRR LAB-2) 1953 Active Former Pinetree Line radar station N-29, closed 1971; New NWS SRR site activated November 1988
LAB-3 Cape Kiglapait NL FPS-124 57°08′07″N 061°28′32″W / 57.13528°N 61.47556°W / 57.13528; -61.47556 (Kiglapait SRR LAB-3) 1992 Active New NWS SRR site activated August 1992
LAB-4 Big Bay NL FPS-124 55°44′30″N 060°25′42″W / 55.74167°N 60.42833°W / 55.74167; -60.42833 (Big Bay SRR LAB-4) 1992 Active New NWS SRR site activated September 1992
LAB-5 Tukialik NL FPS-124 54°42′53″N 058°21′30″W / 54.71472°N 58.35833°W / 54.71472; -58.35833 (Tukialik SRR LAB-5) 1992 Active New NWS SRR site activated October 1992
LAB-6 Cartwright NL FPS-117 53°33′04″N 056°49′48″W / 53.55111°N 56.83000°W / 53.55111; -56.83000 (Cartwright LRR LAB-6) 1953 Active Former Pinetree Line radar station N-27, closed 1968; New NWS SRR site activated November 1988

See also

References

  1. ^ Environmental Assessment for North Warning System (Alaska)