Padshah Begum of the Mughal Empire | |
---|---|
Style | Padshah Begum |
Residence | Agra Fort |
Appointer | Babur Badshah of Mughal |
Formation | 20 April 1526 |
First holder | Maham Begum |
Padshah Begum (Urdu: بیگم پادشاه) was a superlative imperial title conferred upon the first lady of the Mughal Empire. This title can be equivalent with "empress" in English, but in only approximate terms in the Mughal context.
Padeshah, Padshah, Padishah, or Badishah (Persian: پادشاه) is a superlative royal title, composed of the Persian pād "master" and the widespread shāh "king", which was adopted by several monarchs claiming the highest rank, roughly equivalent to the ancient Persian notion of "The Great" or "Great King", and later adopted by post-Achaemenid and Christian Emperors. Its Arabized pronunciation as Badshah was used by Mughal emperors, and Bashah or Pasha was used by Ottoman Sultans.
Begum, begam, baigum or beygum (Persian: بیگم, Urdu: بیگم) is a female royal and aristocratic title from Central and South Asia. It is the feminine equivalent of the title baig or bey, which in Turkic languages means chief or commander. It usually refers to the wife or daughter of a beg.
The title of 'Padshah Begum' could only be bestowed upon the chief or principal wife, a sister, or a favored daughter of the Mughal emperor[1] and could not be held by more than one lady simultaneously.[2] This is evidenced by the fact that Emperor Jahangir's wife Nur Jahan could only be given the title after his chief wife, Saliha Banu Begum (the Padshah Begum for most of his reign), had died in 1620.[3] Where the consorts of the Mughal emperors were concerned, the title could only be bestowed upon the chief wife of the emperor. This title was first bestowed upon Maham Begum, who was the chief wife of Emperor Babur. Emperor Jahangir bestowed this title upon his chief wife, Nur Jahan Begum. Emperor Shah Jahan bestowed this title upon his chief wife, Mumtaz Mahal Begum and Emperor Muhammad Shah bestowed this title upon his chief wife, Badshah Begum.
The title was also bestowed upon the daughter of the emperor, such as Emperor Shah Jahan's daughter, Princess Jahanara Begum and Emperor Aurangzeb's daughter, Princess Zinat-un-Nissa, both of whom bore the title throughout their lives.[4]
In some cases the title was also bestowed upon the sister of the emperor. Such as in the case of Emperor Babur's older sister, Khanzada Begum.[5] When the princesses held the title it literally meant "Empress amongst princesses".[6]