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The English term Palatine refers to the Palatinate region (German: Pfalz). Almost all traditional dialects of the Palatinate belong to the Palatine dialect group, but the Palatine speech area also extends to the west and east into neighboring regions (Saarland, Kurpfalz, southern Hesse). The main dialect divisions within Palatine German are Westpfälzisch (also called Hinterpfälzisch) and Vorderpfälzisch (also called Ostpfälzisch).[2][3]
To the northwest, Palatine German is separated from Moselle Franconian by the das/dat-isogloss (Palatine German uses das or similar forms) and the absence of Rhenish pitch accent.[2][3] To the southeast, it borders on South Franconian, separated by the Appel/Apfel-line (Palatine German: Appel). Within the greater Rhine Franconian dialect area, the traditional defining isoglosses are the northern fescht/fest-line that separates Palatine German (fescht) from the Hessian dialects (fest), and the southern Haus/Hus-line that separates Palatine German (Haus) from Lorraine Franconian (Hus).[2]
Like other Rhine Franconian dialects, Palatine German has e-apocope (i.e. loss of earlier final -e), n-apocope (i.e. loss of earlier final n in the suffix -en) and /oː/ for earlier long a, e.g. Strooß/Strooße 'street'/'streets' (cf. Standard German Straße/Straßen). The major division of Palatine German into Westpfälzisch and Vorderpfälzisch is based on a bundle of distinguishing features, such as:[2][3]
Westpfälzisch lacks the suffix -en in the past participle of strong verbs (e.g. gebroch 'broken', geschripp 'written'). In Vorderpfälzisch, the suffix is retained as -e (with apocope of n, e.g. gebroche, geschriwwe).
Loss of medial g in Westpfälzisch in words like frooe/froːə/ (cf. Standard German fragen). In Vorderpfälzisch, it is retained as a voiced velar fricative (frooche/froːɣə/).
Westpfälzischhan/hun '(I) have' against Vorderpfälzischhap/häp.
Grammatically, all Palatine dialects do not use the genitive case, which is replaced by the dative, with or without von, and most dialects have no imperfect tense but only the perfect.
^ abcdGreen, W.A.I. (1990). "The Dialects of the Palatinate (Das Pfälzische)". In Russ, Charles (ed.). The Dialects of modern German. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 241–264.
^ abcHerrgen, Joachim; Vorberger, Lars (2019). "Rheinfränkisch". In Joachim Herrgen; Jürgen Erich Schmidt (eds.). Sprache und Raum: Ein internationales Handbuch der Sprachvariation. Band 4: Deutsch. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 478–515. doi:10.1515/9783110261295-015.
