State of Patiala
1763–1947
Flag Coat of arms
Capital	Patiala
Common languages	Punjabi (official)
Religion	Sikh
Government	Absolute monarchy
Maharaja
• 1707 - 1765	Ala Singh
• 1938 - 1947	Yadavindra Singh
History
• Established	1763
• Disestablished	1947
Area
• Total	15,389 km2 (5,942 sq mi)
Population
• 1881[1]	1,467,433
• 1891[1]	1,583,521
• 1901[1]	1,596,692
Currency	Rupee And Paisa
Preceded by Succeeded by Mughal Empire Durrani Empire Phulkian Misl East India Company Sikh Empire PEPSU Republic of India
Today part of	India Pakistan
https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V20_046.gif

Patiala State was a self-governing princely state of the Empire of India, and one of the Phulkian States, that acceded to the Union of India upon Indian dominionship and partition. Patiala Kingdom/State was founded by Sidhu Jat Sikhs.

Early proposals of a Sikh nation of ‘Sikhistan’ led by Maharaja of Patiala were published by Dr VS Bhatti in 1940 for a “Khalistan led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representative federating units”.^[2][3][4][5] These would consist of the central districts of Punjab province then directly administered by the British, including Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Ambala, Ferozpur, Amritsar and Lahore; the 'princely states' of the Cis-Sutlej, including Patiala, Nabha, Faridkot and Malerkolta; and the 'Shimla Group' of states. After partition of India in 1947, The Liberator, a Sikh publication advocated for Khalistan which would include East Punjab merged with PEPSU led by Maharaja of Patiala as its monarch.^[6]

Etymology

The state's name came from the name of its principal city and capital, Patiala, which itself comes from the roots patti and ala. The word patti means "strip of land" in Punjabi, and 'ala' comes from the name of the founder of the city and Patiala state, Ala Singh, thus meaning ‘the land of Ala Singh’ ^[7]

Brief history

Part of a series on the
History of India
Timeline
Prehistoric Madrasian culture Soanian, c. 500,000 BCE Neolithic, c. 7600 – c. 1000 BCE Bhirrana 7570 – 6200 BCE Jhusi 7106 BCE Lahuradewa 7000 BCE Mehrgarh 7000 – 2600 BCE South Indian Neolithic 3000 – 1000 BCE
Ancient Indus Valley civilization, c. 3300 – c. 1700 BCE Post Indus Valley Period (Cemetery H Culture), c. 1700 – c. 1500 BCE Vedic civilization, c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE Kuru Kingdom, c. 1200 - c. 500 BCE Early Vedic Period Rise of Śramaṇa movement Later Vedic Period Spread of Jainism – Parshvanatha Spread of Jainism – Mahavira Rise of Buddhism Kingdom of Magadha Haryanka Dynasty c. 544 – c. 413 BCE Shaishunaga Dynasty c. 413 – c. 345 BCE Nanda Dynasty, c. 345 – c. 322 BCE Mahajanapadas, c. 500 – c. 345 BCE
Classical Kingdom of Magadha Maurya Dynasty, c. 322 – c. 185 BCE Shunga Dynasty, c. 185 – c. 75 BCE Kanva Dynasty, c. 75 – c. 30 BCE Sangam period Kushan Dynasty, c. 30 – c. 230 CE Satavahana Dynasty, c. 30 BCE – c. 220 CE Gupta Dynasty, c. 200 – c. 550 CE
Early medieval Chalukya Dynasty, c. 543 – c. 753 CE Harsha's Dynasty, c. 606 CE – c. 647 CE Karakota Dynasty, c. 724 – c. 760 CE Arab Invasion, c. 738 CE Tripartite Struggle, c. 760 – c. 973 CE Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty Rastrakuta Dynasty Pala Dynasty Chola Dynasty, c. 848 – c. 1251 CE 2nd Chalukya Dynasty, c. 973 – c. 1187 CE
Late medieval Delhi Sultanate, c. 1206 – c. 1526 CE Slave Dynasty Khalji Dynasty Tugluq Dynasty Sayyid Dynasty Lodhi Dynasty Pandyan Dynasty, c. 1251 – c. 1323 CE Vijayanagara, c. 1336 – c. 1646 CE Bengal Sultanate, c. 1342 – c. 1576 CE
Early modern Mughal Dynasty, c. 1526 – c. 1540 CE Suri Dynasty, c. 1540 – c. 1556 CE Mughal Dynasty, c. 1556 – c. 1857 CE Bengal Subah, c. 1576 – c. 1757 CE Maratha Empire, c. 1674 – c. 1818 CE Company Raj, c. 1757 – c. 1858 CE Kingdom of Mysore, c. 1760 – c. 1799 CE Sikh Empire, c. 1799 – c. 1849 CE
Modern The Great Rebellion, 1857 – 1858 CE British Raj, 1858 – 1947 CE Independence Movement Independent India, 1947 CE – present Dominion of India, 1947 – 1950 CE Republic of India, 1950 CE – present
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v t e

In 1763, the Sikh confederation captured the fortress of Sirhind

Rulers

The rulers of Patiala bore the title 'Maharaja-e Rajgan' from 1810 onward.^{[citation needed]}

Maharajas

• 29 Mar 1761 – 22 August 1765: Ala Singh (b. 1691 – d. 1765)
• 22 Aug 1765 – 1767:Amar Singh (b. 1748 – d. 1781)

Raja-e Rajgan

• 1767 – 5 February 1781: Amar Singh (s.a.)
• Feb 1781 – 1810: Sahib Singh (b. 1774 – d. 1813)

Maharaja-e Rajgan

• 1810 – 26 March 1813: Sahib Singh (s. a.)
• 26 Mar 1813 – 23 December 1845: Karam Singh (b. 1797 – d. 1845)
  • 26 Mar 1813 – 1823: Maharani Aus Kaur (f) – Regent (b. 1772 – d. af.1823)
• 23 Dec 1845 – 13 November 1862: Narendra Singh (b. 1823 – d. 1862) (from 25 June 1861 Sir Narendra Singh)
• 13 Nov 1862 – 14 April 1876: Mahendra Singh (b. 1852 – d. 1876) (from 28 May 1870 Sir Mahendra Singh)
  • 13 Nov 1862 – 26 February 1870: Jagdish Singh (Regent, chairman of regency council)
• 14 Apr 1876 – 9 November 1900: Rajinder Singh (b. 1872 – d. 1900) (from 21 May 1898 Sir Rajendra Singh)
  • 14 April 1876 – Oct 1890: Sir Deva Singh (Regent) (b. 1834 – d. 1890) (chairman of regency council)
• 9 November 1900 – 23 March 1938: Bhupinder Singh (b. 1891 – d. 1938) (from 12 December 1911 Sir Bhupindra Singh)
  • 9 November 1900 – 3 November 1910: Sardar Gurmukh Singh – (Regent, chairman of regency council)
• 23 Mar 1938 – 15 August 1947: Yadavindra Singh (b. 1913 – d. 1974) (from 1 January 1942 Sir Yadavindra Singh)

Demographics

Religious groups in Patiala State (British Punjab province era)

Religious group	1901[8]		1911[9][10]		1921[11]		1931[12]		1941[13]
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Hinduism [a]	880,490	55.14%	563,940	40.06%	642,055	42.81%	623,597	38.36%	597,488	30.86%
Islam	357,334	22.38%	307,384	21.84%	330,341	22.03%	363,920	22.39%	436,539	22.55%
Sikhism	355,649	22.27%	532,292	37.81%	522,675	34.85%	632,972	38.94%	896,021	46.28%
Jainism	2,877	0.18%	3,282	0.23%	3,249	0.22%	3,578	0.22%	3,101	0.16%
Christianity	316	0.02%	739	0.05%	1,395	0.09%	1,449	0.09%	1,592	0.08%
Zoroastrianism	26	0%	22	0%	21	0%	2	0%	21	0%
Buddhism	0	0%	0	0%	3	0%	2	0%	3	0%
Judaism	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	12	0%
Others	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	1,482	0.08%
Total population	1,596,692	100%	1,407,659	100%	1,499,739	100%	1,625,520	100%	1,936,259	100%
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Gallery

• 
  Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgarhia on left and Amar Singh of Patiala on right, late 18th century
• 
  Miniature painting of Raja Amar Singh of Patiala, ca.1830
• 
  Moti Bagh Palace, Patiala.
• 
  The main gate of the Qila Mubarak
• 
  Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala
• 
  Maharaja Mahendra Singh of Patiala
• 
  Maharaja Rajinder Singh of Patiala
• 
  A panel of seven portraits of rulers of Patiala State
• 
  Detail of an informal visit at Moti Bagh Palace from an album of photographs compiled by the wife of Dr. H.R. Hunter during his time as Dental Surgeon at Moti Bagh Palace during the reign of Maharajah Bhupinder Singh, circa 1922–23