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Conservatism in Russia
Ideologies Eurasianism Duginism Monarchism Black-hundredism Tsarism Populism Putinism Russian nationalism All-Russian Christian Slavophilia Pochvennichestvo
Themes Authority Autocracy Duty Economic interventionism Family values Imperialism Irredentism Law and order Orthodox values Nuclear Orthodoxy  Patriotism Reactionism Social hierarchy Social order Sovereign democracy Statism Traditionalism Ultranationalism
Intellectuals Aksakov Dostoevsky Dugin Frank Ilyin Karamzin Katkov Leontiev Pobedonostsev Prokhanov Rozanov Semyonov Shafarevich Shcherbatov Solzhenitsyn Strakhov Surkov Tikhomirov Tikhon Uvarov Vikulov Zhukovsky
Politicians Alexander III Butina Dubrovin Durnovo Gryzlov Kolchak Kornilov Luzhkov Malyshkin Mizulina Nicholas I Nicholas II Pikhno Pobedonostsev Putin Rodzianko Rogozin Rostopchin Shulgin Slutsky Surkov Tolstoy von Ungern Uvarov Vladimir Volodin Zhirinovsky
Parties Active Eurasia Party Great Russia Liberal Democratic Party of Russia Rodina Russian All-People's Union Union of Right Forces United Russia Former For Truth Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union People's Union Pamyat Society Union of the Russian People
Organisations All-Russia People's Front Izborsky Club
Media Kievlyanin Kozma Minin Nash Sovremennik Russkoye Znamya Zavtra Znamya
Related topics Culture of Russia Great Russia Neo-Sovietism Nostalgia for the Soviet Union Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality Russia for Russians Russia under Vladimir Putin White movement
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Pochvennichestvo (/ˈpɒtʃvɛnɪtʃɛstvoʊ/; Russian: Почвенничество, IPA: [ˈpot͡ɕvʲɪnnʲɪt͡ɕɪstvə], roughly "return to the native soil", from почва "soil") was a late 19th-century movement in Russia that tied in closely with its contemporary ideology, Slavophilia.

History

The Slavophiles and the Pochvennichestvo supported the complete emancipation of serfdom, stressed a strong desire to return to the idealised past of Russian history, and opposed Europeanization. They also chose a complete rejection of the nihilist, classical liberal and Marxist movements of the time. Their primary focus was to change Russian society by the humbling of the self and social reform through the Russian Orthodox Church, rather than the radical implementations of the intelligentsia.

The major differences between the Slavophiles and the Pochvennichestvo were that the former detested the Westernisation policies of Peter the Great, but the latter praised what were seen as the benefits of the notorious ruler who maintained a strong patriotic mentality for Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality. Another major difference was that many of the leaders of Pochvennichestvo and supporters adopted a militant anti-Protestant, anti-Catholic and antisemitic stance.

The movement had its roots in the works of the German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder, who focused primarily on emphasising the differences among people and regional cultures.^[1][2] In addition, it rejected the universalism of the Enlightenment period. The most prominent^{[according to whom?]} Russian intellectuals who founded the movement were Apollon Girogoriev, Nikolay Strakhov, Nikolay Danilevsky and Konstantin Leontyev.

Fyodor Dostoyevsky also held such views, as he expressed in his novel Demons. The ideology was later adopted by Tsars Alexander III and Nicholas II.