This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) .mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (January 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 8,962 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Porzellangeld]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template ((Translated|de|Porzellangeld)) to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese. (January 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Japanese article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 3,744 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Wikipedia article at [[:ja:陶貨]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template ((Translated|ja|陶貨)) to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation. (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
German local "emergency money", Saxony, 1921

Porcelain money refers to coins and tokens made of porcelain intended for economic exchange. Most famous are the German Notgeld struck between 1921 and 1923, and the gambling tokens used as petty coinage in Siam with Chinese characters.

German Notgeld

The German porcelain Notgeld were made between the years 1915 and 1923, in the years before the German Hyperinflation, and a shortage of small change.[1] [2] Most of the porcelain Notgeld were produced for collectors in sets. These special form of coins were struck in Meissen in Saxony in the years 1921 to 1923.

Most of the coins were made in red Böttgerstoneware, but also in white porcelain. Some of them are partly gilt. They were issued for the province Saxony in the cities Meissen and Freiberg, the state of Thuringia in the city of Eisenach, in Silesia in the city of Münsterberg and in Saxony-Anhalt in the city of Quedlinburg. Building on the popularity of these tokens, Meissen continued to strike Medals in porcelain and stoneware.[citation needed]

Siamese gambling tokens

Thai porcelain tokens

Also known as "Thai porcelain tokens" or "pee" (Chinese: 暹罗陶瓷代币 Xiānluó táocí dàibì).[3][nb 1] Originally tokens for gambling, these small porcelain tokens became popular as petty coinage. They were made in a variety of forms: round, square, and rectangular. Some have inscriptions in Chinese or Thai, some have a pictorial design. There are several collections of these in museums around the world, including the British Museum,[4] the Museum Volkenkunde (Leiden),[5] the Sammlung Köhler-Osbahr (Duisburg).[6][7]

Malaysian clay gaming tokens

These were issued in Chinese settlements in the Malay states, for use in gaming establishments, and then as currency. The early tokens were imported from Siam, and over time they were also made locally. The tokens were easy and cheap to produce. To deal with large-scale counterfeiting, licensed issuers would change the designs frequently. This eventually led to the appearance of a new type of gambling counter, called jokoh.[8]

Notes

  1. ^ "Pee" is a form of the Pinyin 币 "bì". They should strictly speaking be called "bi". Others say that they should be called "pi" from the character 鈚， from the Chinese Chaozhu dialect word meaning a token

References

  1. ^ Funck, Walter: Deutsche Porzellan-Münzen = German Porcelain-Coins, German.-Engl. ed, 2nd ed., Neuenburg/Oldb.: [self published], 1964.
  2. ^ Scheuch, Karl: Münzen aus Porzellan und Ton der Staatlichen Porzellanmanufaktur Meissen und anderer Keramischen Fabriken des In- und Auslandes, Munich 2012.
  3. ^ "暹罗陶瓷代币综述" [Overview of Siam Ceramic Tokens] (in Chinese).
  4. ^ http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?searchText=pee&place=41403&material=17994[dead link]
  5. ^ van Dongen, Paul LF. "Playthings in Porcelain: Siamese Pee in the National Museum of Ethnography". in collaboration with Nandana Chutiwongs, translated by Enid Perlin. Leiden.[dead link]
  6. ^ Althoff, Ralf H. (1995), Sammlung Köhler-Osbahr II/3. Vormünzliche Zahlungsmittel und außergewöhnliche Geldformen, Siamesische Porzellantoken - Collection Köhler-Osbahr II/3. Primitive Currency and Extraordinary Kind of Money, Siamese Porcelain-Tokens, Duisburg((citation)): CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ "Thai Porcelain Tokens (pee)". Chinese Money Matters. 14 February 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2018. Thai porcelain tokens (pee) are found in many collections
  8. ^ "MALAYSIA MONETARY TOKENS. CLAY GAMING TOKEN". NIEWMISMATIC ERROR COINS. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
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