Proverbs 24
The whole Book of Proverbs in the Leningrad Codex (1008 C.E.) from an old fascimile edition.
BookBook of Proverbs
CategoryKetuvim
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part21

Proverbs 24 is the 24th chapter of the Book of Proverbs in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.[1][2] The book is a compilation of several wisdom literature collections, with the heading in 1:1 may be intended to regard Solomon as the traditional author of the whole book, but the dates of the individual collections are difficult to determine, and the book probably obtained its final shape in the post-exilic period.[3] This chapter specifically records "the sayings of wise".[4]

Text

The original text is written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 34 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).[5]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).[6]

Analysis

The section comprising Proverbs 22:17–24:22 is the third collection in the book of Proverbs, which consists of seven instructions of various lengths:[7]

The sayings are pre-dominantly in the form of synonymous parallelism, preceded by a general superscription of the entire collection in 22:17a: "The words of the wise" (or "Sayings of the Wise").[7] This collection consists of an introduction that the youths should be instructed and exhorted to listen to and obey their "teachers" (parents), followed by a series of admonitions and prohibitions coupled with a variety of clauses,[7] primarily presented in short parental instructions (cf. 23:15, 22; 24:13, 21).[8]

Sayings of the Wise (24:1–22)

This section concludes a collection titled "Sayings of the Wise" (22:17), with 3 sets of instruction, one as a continuation from Proverbs 23:16.until 24:12, followed by 24:13–20 and 24:21–22.[7] The instructions are likely given by a teacher in the context of a royal school during the monarchical period.[9] The Greek Septuagint version contains five additional verses after verse 22, mainly on 'the wrath of the king'.[10]

Verse 3

’’Through wisdom is a house built
and by understanding it is established;’’[11]

The 'building of the house' in verses 3-4 parallels to the building of the house by woman Wisdom in Proverbs 9:1, here stating that wisdom is 'the key to the prosperity of the family', as well as 'the key to healthy and harmonious family relationships'.[8]

Further sayings of the Wise (24:23–34)

The whole section is the fourth collection in the book of Proverbs, consisting of:[12]

household labor (24:27, 30-34).[12]

The first part of the collection (verses 23–29) contains warnings against partiality when judging (verses 23–25) or false testimony when being a witness (verse 28; cf. 18:5; 28:21) or the.[10] The second part (verses 30–34) provides an example story of being lazy and its consequences (cf. 7:6–23) reinforcing the lesson of the dilligent ant in 6:10-11. The instruction is given as such so it can be perceived 'through the eye as well as the ear' ('saw... considered... received instruction', verse 32).[10]

Verse 28

Be not a witness against your neighbor without cause, and do not deceive with your lips.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ Halley 1965, p. 273.
  2. ^ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
  3. ^ Aitken 2007, p. 406.
  4. ^ Aitken 2007, pp. 418–419.
  5. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 36–37.
  6. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
  7. ^ a b c d Perdue 2012, p. 200.
  8. ^ a b Aitken 2007, p. 418.
  9. ^ Perdue 2012, p. 213.
  10. ^ a b c d Aitken 2007, p. 419.
  11. ^ Proverbs 30:1 MEV
  12. ^ a b Perdue 2012, p. 217.
  13. ^ Proverbs 24:28 ESV

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