The railcar couplers or couplings listed, described, and depicted below are used worldwide on legacy and modern railways. Compatible and similar designs are frequently referred to using widely differing make, brand, regional or nick names, which can make describing standard or typical designs confusing. Dimensions and ratings noted in these articles are usually of nominal or typical components and systems, though standards and practices also vary widely with railway, region, and era. Transition between incompatible coupler types may be accomplished using dual couplings, a coupling adapter or a barrier wagon.
AAR knuckle wide use from 1927 on Cape gauge. The first application of these couplers in what is now South Africa was in 1904 by the ultra-progressive Central South African Railways (CSAR) on their rolling stock for the "Limited Expresses" between Johannesburg and Pretoria.[26][27][28][29]
English couplers on 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge historic stock of Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (Dutch East Indies Railway Company)
Norwegian couplers on 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) gauge historic stock of The Dutch East Indies National Railway Company and the majority of the Dutch East Indies Private Railway and Tramway Companies
Link and pin couplers on the Hawaiian Philippine Company of Negros Island.[38] Older Manila Railroad stock also use link and pin alongside English couplers.
English couplers (UIC) on passenger cars and most freight cars and on historical locomotives
Russian SA3 couplers on Russian cars and some heavy-duty freight cars
"Unilink couplers" (SA3 clone with UIC-style screw link) or "Vapiti" (SA3 clone with movable link arm for English couplers) couplers on the majority of locomotives; compatible with SA3 and English (UIC) center hook
^Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1943). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter I - The Period of the 4 ft. 8½ in. Gauge. South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, June 1943. pp. 437-440.
^Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter III - Natal Government Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, September 1944. p. 669.
^ abcSuid-Afrikaanse Vervoerdienste (South African Transport Services) (1983). Passassierswa- en Trokhandboek (Passenger Carriage and Truck Manual), Vol 1, Hoofstukke 1-15 (Chapters 1-15). South African Transport Services, 1983. Chapter 13.
^Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter II - The Cape Government Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, April 1944. pp. 253-257.
^Holland, D. F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. pp. 51–52, 117–118. ISBN978-0-7153-5427-8.
^At least some versions of the automatic couplers used in South Africa follows the Henricot coupler patent and not the AAR version.
The following note is given on drawing CME10719-478/68 "Automatic Coupler, type MS (127 mm x 140 mm)", also referred to as SASKOP (Suid-Afrikaanse Spoorweë Koppelaar - South African Railways Coupler):
"The copyright in this drawing vests in "Société Anonyme Usines Emile Henricot of Court-Saint-Étienne", Belgium. The said company is also the owner of the patent in respect of the automatic coupler covered by this drawing."
^中国首列出口菲律宾动车组亮相 "储能"加"智能" 定义未来城市轨道交通 [China's first EMU exported to the Philippines debuts with "energy storage" and "intelligence" to define future urban rail transit]. MangoTV. Hunan Happy Sunshine Interactive Entertainment Media. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
^Aida, Teruyuki; Nishimi, Yusuke; Yamaguchi, Atsunori; Oonuma, Noriaki. "History and Future Prospects of Rolling Stock Parts"(PDF). Japan Steel Works Industrial Machinery Dept., Hiroshima Plant. JSW began to consider coupler device for overseas, and delivered our products to Singapore for new transportation systems in 2000.
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