Revision lists (Russian: Реви́зские ска́зки, romanized: Revizskie skazki), are a series of census lists of the taxable population of the Russian Empire, taken between the early 18th century up until the end of the 19th century. The lists were taken to account and register information to collect tax revenue to fund the Imperial Army.
The revision lists were lists of names (name, patronymic, and surname), ages, and relation to head of the household. Most revision lists contained both men and women, but summary tables did not include women.
In cities, the lists were compiled by representatives of the city government, and depending on if the lists composed included peasants, it would be tallied by landlords to include their serfs.
In periods between revisions taken, which were often irregular and far apart, the register sheets were often updated with supplemental information. The presence or absence of a person would appear in the supplemental registration, and would note status of people who had run off, been born, exiled, conscripted, or had died. Due to the nature of the distance between revisions, a person was still considered legally alive until a revision updated their status, and their registration was changed, marking many deceased as alive "revision souls", which often increased taxes, as well as estate value, on a family. This became the plot of the book Dead Souls by Nikolai Gogol.
A total of 10 revisions were completed. Of these, the 1719, 1743, and 1811 excluded women from listings. The revision lists often took many years to finalize due to the size and communicative distance of the Russian Empire.
1858 concluded the final ever revision list, and would be followed up by the first and only All-Russia Census of 1897.
In the current age, the listing of the familial relations and locations on revision lists are considered important resources in Eastern European genealogy.
The Russian phrase "revizkie skazki" (lit. revision tale) is quite different from the English word "census", this is due to both words having a specific origin in the process of the conducting of a revision. After a list of taxpayers was assembled, it was up to the state officials to revise the list to account for the local households and their dependents. They did this by being told (as in, hearing a tale) from the local officials, rather than going to each house individually.[1]
No. | Date of decree[2] | Population count | Tax[3] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 26 Nov 1718 | 15,738,000 | 80 kopecks per man |
2 | 16 Dec 1743 | 21,200,000 | 60-70 kopecks |
3 | 28 Nov 1761 | 23,200,000 | |
4 | 16 Nov 1781 | 28,400,000 | Some provinces allowed poor residents to pay in kind |
5 | 23 Jun 1794 | 37,400,000 | 1 Ruble and 18 kopecks |
6 | 18 Nov 1811 | 41,010,400 | |
7 | 20 Jun1815 | 46,300,000 | 3 Rubles and 30 kopecks |
8 | 16 Jul 1833 | 59,132,955 | 95 silver kopecks |
9 | 1 Jan 1850 | 68,500,000 | |
10 | 26 Aug 1856 | 74,556,400 |
The revision lists had different volumes that separated people by class and race.[8]
Some examples of exclusive races and classes include:
The following is a general format of a revision list header with queries translated and summarized into English:[9]
Revision List
18[XX] [Day] [Month] [Name of Governorate, District, Town] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Assigned Family Number (No.) | Gender
(Male on Left, Female on Right) |
How old according to previous revision, and if arrival was since last revision | If not, reason for absence | Current | |
In previous revision | In current revision | Ages | When exactly they moved or died | Ages |
The revision lists are a useful tool in Eastern European genealogy due a lack of records in comparison to many Western European nations, which had already had a long tradition of documentation for vital records and censuses prior to the first census in Russia.
Coverage, especially in the later censuses, was quite thorough, but many enumerated copies of the family lists from the revisions have been lost throughout history, and many recently due to fires in local archives. For example, the 2003 Kamenetz-Podolsk archive fire.[10]
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