The Shunten dynasty[1][2] (舜天王統) was the second dynasty in the traditional historiography of Okinawa Island. It was established by Shunten in 1187. According to Chūzan Seikan, Shunten's mother was a daughter of the aji, or local chieftain, of Ōzato;[3] his father, Minamoto no Tametomo, was an adventurer from Japan.[4][5] Prior to becoming king, Shunten was the lord of Urasoe. At that time, Okinawa Island was in great confusion; the last overlord of Tenson dynasty was assassinated by the powerful official named Riyū (利勇), whom promoted himself as paramount chief.[6] Shunten revolted against Riyū and overthrew him. In 1187, Shunten was recognized as the new "king". overlord among aji.[4] Though commonly called the "kings", the Okinawan rulers[7] at that time should be more accurately identified as paramount chiefs, or overlords among aji during the Gusuku period .
George H. Kerr suggested that the stories of Shunten and Eiso dynasties "reflect the increasing penetration of Japanese influence" among Ryukyu Islands.[1]
The Shunten dynasty had three kings, lasted from 1187 to 1259.[4] The last king Gihon was forced to abdicate to his regent, Eiso, whom established the Eiso dynasty.[8]
Name | Kanji | Divine name[9] | Reign | Age at death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Shunten | 舜天 | Sonton 尊敦 |
1187–1237 | 71 |
Shunbajunki | 舜馬順煕 | Sonomasu 其益 or Sonomasumi 其益美 |
1238–1248 | 63 |
Gihon | 義本 | Unknown | 1249–1259 | ? |