State Defense Committee Государственный комитет обороны | |
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Soviet Union | |
History | |
Established | 30 June 1941 |
Disbanded | 4 September 1945 |
Preceded by | None |
Succeeded by | None |
Leadership | |
Chairman | |
Meeting place | |
Moscow |
Politics of the Soviet Union |
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Soviet Union portal |
The State Defense Committee (Russian: Государственный комитет обороны (ГКО), romanized: Gosudarstvennyĭ komitet oborony (GKO)) was an extraordinary organ of state power in the Soviet Union during the German-Soviet War, also called the Great Patriotic War, with complete state power in the country.
The Soviets set up the GKO on 30 June 1941, a week after Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, by a joint decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, the Council of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom), and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The war situation at the front lines required a more centralized form of government. The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, however, continued unsuspended. On 18 June 1942, over a thousand members attended the 9th session of the Supreme Soviet in Moscow.[1]
Geoffrey Roberts sees the GKO as "a sort of war cabinet".[2]
The initial composition of the committee was such:
On 3 February 1942, Nikolai Voznesensky (Chairman of Gosplan) and Anastas Mikoyan were made members of the committee, and on 20 February 1942 Lazar Kaganovich (People's Commissar of Transportation) was appointed as a member. On 22 November 1944, Nikolai Bulganin (Chairman of Gosbank) replaced Voroshilov in the committee.