The German Tanztheater ("dance theatre") grew out of German Expressionist dance in Weimar Germany and 1920s Vienna, and experienced a resurgence in the 1970s.

History

The term first appears around 1927 to identify a particular style of dance emerging from within the new forms of 'expressionist dance' developing in Central Europe since 1917. Its main exponents include Mary Wigman, Kurt Jooss and Rudolf Laban. The term reappears in critical reviews in the 1980s to identify the work of primarily German choreographers who were students of Jooss (such as Pina Bausch and Reinhild Hoffmann) and Wigman (Susanne Linke), along with the Austrian Johann Kresnik. The development of the form and its concepts was influenced by Bertolt Brecht and Max Reinhardt, and the cultural ferment of the Weimar Republic.

Tanztheater Wuppertal Pina Bausch became internationally known. Bausch's dramaturge, Raimund Hoghe, created independent productions from 1989.

Form

Tanztheater developed out of German expressionist dance, known as ausdruckstanz. As the Third Reich diminished artistic vigor in Germany, ausdruckstanz fell dormant. Both Birringer (1986) and Schlicher (1987) argue that the particular artistic and historical context of post-war Germany informed the genesis of Tanztheater. In the post war years, Tanztheater became more than a mere ‘blend’ of dance and dramatic elements.^[1] Tanztheater prioritized expression over form, viewing dance as a method of social engagement.^[2]