Tenet
Theatrical release poster
Directed byChristopher Nolan
Written byChristopher Nolan
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyHoyte van Hoytema
Edited byJennifer Lame
Music byLudwig Göransson
Production
companies
Distributed byWarner Bros. Pictures
Release dates
  • August 26, 2020 (2020-08-26) (United Kingdom)
  • September 3, 2020 (2020-09-03) (United States)
Running time
150 minutes[1]
Countries
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$200–225 million[2]
Box office$53.6 million[3]

Tenet is a 2020 spy film written and directed by Christopher Nolan, who produced it with Emma Thomas. A co-production between the United Kingdom and United States, it stars John David Washington, Robert Pattinson, Elizabeth Debicki, Dimple Kapadia, Michael Caine, and Kenneth Branagh. The plot follows a secret agent who must manipulate time in order to prevent World War III.

Nolan took more than five years to write the screenplay after deliberating about Tenet's central ideas for over a decade. Casting began in March 2019, and principal photography took place in Denmark, Estonia, India, Italy, Norway, the United Kingdom, and United States, starting in May 2019. Cinematographer Hoyte van Hoytema shot on 70 mm and IMAX.

Delayed three times due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Tenet premiered in the United Kingdom on August 26, 2020, and is scheduled to be released in the United States on September 3, 2020, in IMAX, 35 mm, and 70 mm. The film received positive reviews from critics, who favorably compared it to Nolan's Inception and praised the cast's performances, though some lamented the confusing plot and impassive tone.

Plot

An unnamed CIA agent participates in an undercover SWAT operation at a Ukrainian opera house, rescuing an exposed spy and stealing a strange artifact. He is saved from being shot by a masked soldier with a distinctive red tag on his rucksack. The Protagonist is captured and tortured, before consuming a cyanide pill. He later awakens, learns the pill was fake, his colleagues are dead, the artifact was taken, and that the mission was a test.

The Protagonist's boss points him to a secret organisation called "Tenet", leading him to Laura, a scientist studying bullets whose entropy has been "inverted" so they move backward through time. The Protagonist traces the bullets to Priya, an arms dealer in Mumbai and member of Tenet. With the help of Neil, a supposed local, the Protagonist infiltrates Priya's compound and learns the bullets are supplied by Russian oligarch Andrei Sator, who is communicating with the future. The Protagonist meets with Sator's estranged wife, Kat. He discovers Sator is blackmailing Kat with a forged painting she had sold him to keep her from their son. Kat adds that the last time she and Sator were truly happy was on their yacht in Vietnam, where she later saw another woman dive from the ship.

The Protagonist and Neil work with fixer Mahir to steal the painting from the storage facility at Oslo Airport, by crashing a cargo jet into the hangar as a diversion. Inside the facility, they find a machine from which two masked men emerge, one of which is inverted. Neil fights and unmasks the normal one, then stops the Protagonist from killing the inverted one. Priya later explains that the machine was a "Turnstile", a time inversion device developed in the future, and that the two masked men might be the same person. The Protagonist lies to Kat that the painting was destroyed, and she arranges a meeting with Sator. Sator reveals that he had the painting moved before the crash. During a boating trip, Kat attempts to drown Sator but the Protagonist saves him. The Protagonist offers to steal a case of plutonium Sator desires in exchange for Kat's freedom. The Protagonist and Neil steal the "plutonium" from an armoured convoy, but realise it is actually another artifact.

Sator square, providing the film title, location of the opening sequence (Kyiv Opera), and character or firm names (A. Sator; Arepo the Goya forger; and Rotas Security in Oslo Freeport).[4]

An inverted Sator captures both the Protagonist and Kat, mortally wounds her with an inverted bullet, and forces him to reveal where the artifact is. After Sator leaves, a team of Tenet operatives led by Ives frees the Protagonist. Neil admits being part of Tenet. To save Kat from death, the Protagonist and Neil take her through Sator's Turnstile. They travel back to the Oslo Airport crash a week earlier and un-invert themselves inside the Turnstile there. As they infiltrate the airport, the inverted Protagonist fights his non-inverted self before reaching the Turnstile and un-inverting himself.

Priya explains the artifacts are parts of a future-developed "Algorithm" capable of catastrophically inverting the entire world, and that future humans wish to activate it to prevent the effects of global warming. Kat reveals that Sator is dying from inoperable pancreatic cancer, and deduces that he will activate the Algorithm on the moment of his death via a dead man's switch, believing the world should die with him. Kat suspects Sator will choose to die when he was most happy - their day in Vietnam. Kat inverts back in time to delay Sator's death, while Tenet tracks the assembled Algorithm to an abandoned Soviet closed city and commences a "temporal pincer movement", wherein half of their troops move forward in time to the blast zone, while the other half moves backwards. The Protagonist and Ives are prevented from reaching the Algorithm by a locked gate, until an inverted masked corpse with the familiar red tag on its rucksack springs to life, saving the Protagonist from a gunshot and unlocking the gate. Kat prematurely kills Sator just as the Protagonist and Ives retrieve and deactivate the Algorithm. Kat dives from the Yacht's deck, where she is witnessed by her past self.

The Protagonist, Neil and Ives break up the Algorithm's components and part ways. The Protagonist notices a red tag on Neil's rucksack; Neil reveals that a future version of the Protagonist recruited him to Tenet years earlier, and this mission is the end of a long friendship that the Protagonist has yet to experience. In London, Priya attempts to kill Kat but is killed by the Protagonist, who is the future mastermind behind Tenet.

Cast

Production

Pre-production

Writer and director Christopher Nolan conceived the ideas behind Tenet over the course of twenty years,[17] but remarked "I've been working on this iteration of the script for about six or seven years."[15] The title is a palindrome, reading the same backwards as forwards.[18] Nolan made a conscious effort to abstain from any influence of the spy genre other than his own memory.[19] Spaghetti Western Once Upon a Time in the West (1968) inspired the screenwriting.[17] Special effects supervisor Scott R. Fisher watched World War II movies and documentaries to find reference points for realism.[20] Theoretical physicist Kip Thorne, who worked with Nolan on Interstellar (2014), was consulted on the subjects of time and quantum physics.[21]

Casting

John David Washington, Robert Pattinson, and Elizabeth Debicki were cast in March 2019.[22][23] Nolan chose Washington for his performance in BlacKkKlansman (2018).[24] Washington, Pattinson, and Debicki were each only permitted to read the screenplay while locked in a room.[15][17][25] Washington kept diaries in which he would expand the Protagonist's backstory.[26] Pattinson based his character's mannerisms on those of author Christopher Hitchens.[27] The casting of Dimple Kapadia, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Clémence Poésy, Michael Caine, and Kenneth Branagh was announced as filming started.[28] Kapadia's screen test was put together by director Homi Adajania while working on his 2020 film Angrezi Medium.[29] Caine was merely given his pages for one day of work.[30] Himesh Patel joined in August.[31] Martin Donovan was revealed upon the release of the first trailer.[32] Fiona Dourif and Yuri Kolokolnikov were included later on.[33]

Filming

Principal photography, involving a crew of 250 people,[27] began in May 2019 and took place in seven countries[34] – Denmark, Estonia,[nb 1] India,[nb 2] Italy, Norway, the United Kingdom, and United States.[37][nb 3] Filming in Estonia happened in June and July, with the Linnahall, Pärnu Highway, and adjacent streets closed to facilitate it.[38][39] Kumu Art Museum doubled as the fictional "Oslo freeport".[40] Tallinn mayor Mihhail Kõlvart expressed concerns about potential disruptions as the original shooting schedule required that the arterial Laagna Road be closed for one month.[41] Production eventually reached a compromise involving temporary road closures and detours.[42][43]

Scenes were shot in Ravello, Italy and Hampstead, England at Cannon Hall late August,[44][45] and on the roof of the Oslo Opera House and at The Thief hotel in Tjuvholmen, Norway, and in Rødbyhavn, Denmark at Nysted Wind Farm early September.[40][46][47] A five-day shoot occurred later that month in Mumbai,[37] where Nolan had traveled in February and April for location scouting.[48] He decided on Breach Candy Hospital, Cafe Mondegar, Colaba Causeway, Colaba Market, Gateway of India, Grant Road, Royal Bombay Yacht Club, and the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel.[49][50][51][52] A restaurant set named "Chaand" was built near the hotel,[50] but never used, serving only as an alternative.[37] Forty boats were positioned at the Gateway of India, where the crew also rescued a man who had attempted suicide.[53] A stunt where someone jumps off a building was done in Grant Road,[51] and a helicopter was applied for aerial footage of the hospital.[37] They proceeded to Victorville, California soon after, disguising it as Oslo, and worked with more than ninety extras.[17] Instead of using miniatures and visual effects (VFX) for the plane crash sequence, Nolan determined that purchasing a Boeing 747 proved more cost effective.[54] October saw them in a desert outside Palm Springs, where an abandoned city had been constructed and hundreds were clothed in military camouflage uniforms.[15]

Director of photography Hoyte van Hoytema used a combination of 70 mm film and IMAX.[55] He prioritized Panavision lenses that would best accommodate lower light.[20] Segments that concerned "time inversion" were captured both in backward and forward mobility and speech.[56][57] The windfarm vessel Iceni Revenge was brought into play in Denmark, Estonia, and Italy for a total of three months.[58]

Post-production

See also: Tenet (soundtrack)

Ludwig Göransson composed the score as Nolan's frequent collaborator Hans Zimmer had committed himself to the 2020 film Dune.[59][60] During the COVID-19 pandemic, Göransson recorded musicians at their homes.[15] The Tenet soundtrack contains "The Plan," a song by Travis Scott.[61] Jennifer Lame replaced Nolan's long-time editor Lee Smith, who was occupied with 2019's 1917.[62] DNEG created about 280 VFX shots.[17]

Marketing and release

In August 2019, Warner Bros. debuted a forty-second teaser ahead of Hobbs & Shaw previews.[63] It was attached to Indian showings of Joker in October.[64] The first trailer was published online in December, when a cinema-exclusive prologue played in certain IMAX theaters before Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker.[65] The latter was introduced during Indian IMAX screenings of Birds of Prey in February 2020.[66] A TV spot appeared that May,[67] promoted in Fortnite's Party Royale mode.[68] The logo, stylized by Nolan as TENƎꓕ, was altered for this trailer due to its similarity with that of a bicycle parts manufacturer.[69] The final trailer, out in August, featured Scott's single.[70] An exclusive making-of video was uploaded on August 26.[33]

Distributor Warner Bros. Pictures originally scheduled Tenet for a July 17, 2020, release in IMAX, 35 mm, and 70 mm film.[71] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was first delayed to July 31,[72][73] and subsequently August 12.[74] Executives calculated that each postponement cost Warner Bros. between $200,000 and $400,000 in marketing fees.[75] After briefly being held up indefinitely,[76] Warner Bros. arranged the film to be released internationally on August 26 in seventy countries, including Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, and the United Kingdom.[77] Preview screenings commenced in Australia and South Korea on August 22 and 23.[78][79] It will move to select cities in the United States on September 3, gradually expanding in the ensuing weeks.[77] On September 4, it will come out in China.[80]

Reception

Box office

With a production budget between $200–225 million,[2][81] Tenet is Nolan's most expensive original project.[82] IndieWire speculated that the marketing could push the final sum to $300–350 million,[83] though analysts predicted lower advertising costs than usual, owing to inexpensive live sports ads.[84] Observer estimated it would need to make $450–500 million in order to break even.[85] Nolan is reported to receive twenty percent of the first-dollar gross.[86]

According to industry tracking, Tenet was projected to earn $25-30 million internationally over its first five days.[87] In South Korea, pre-sale tickets sold out all IMAX screenings and weekend previews totaled $717,000 from 590 theaters.[79] Another four days there yielded $4.13 million from about 2,200 screens, bringing the cume to $5.1 million by the end of the week. The film debuted to $53 million in 41 countries, grossing $7.1 million in the United Kingdom, $6.7 million in France, and $4.2 million in Germany.[88][89]

Critical response

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, Tenet holds an approval rating of 78% based on 147 reviews, with an average rating of 7.11/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "A visually dazzling puzzle for film lovers to unlock, Tenet serves up all the cerebral spectacle audiences expect from a Christopher Nolan production."[90] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 69 out of 100 based on 37 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews."[91]

Guy Lodge of Variety described Tenet as a "grandly entertaining, time-slipping spectacle."[6] The Guardian critic Peter Bradshaw felt it was both "madly preposterous" and "amazing cinema."[92] Kevin Maher of The Times awarded the film a full five stars, deeming it "a delightfully convoluted masterpiece."[93] Robbie Collin of The Telegraph likened it to Nolan's Inception and praised the "depth, subtlety and wit of Pattinson and Debicki's performances."[14] In his review for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers praised the film for being "pure, ravishing cinema."[94] James Berardinelli noted that, "[Tenet] may be the most challenging of Nolan's films to date when it comes to wrapping one's mind around the concepts forming the narrative's foundation: backwards-moving entropy, non-linear thinking, temporal paradoxes ... The film contains some of Nolan's most ambitious action sequences to-date but one wonders whether the plot density – a not inconsiderable obstacle for some who prefer not to devote their undivided attention for 2+1⁄2 hours – might prove to be problematic."[95] Mark Daniell of the Toronto Sun gave the film four out of four stars, deeming it "the cinematic equivalent of a Rubik's Cube, presented in towering Imax and featuring a polished cast set amidst some of the world's most gorgeous locations."[96] Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun-Times gave it 3.5 out of 4 stars, and noted that the movie "reaches for cinematic greatness and, though it doesn't quite reach that lofty goal, it's the kind of film that reminds us of the magic of the moviegoing experience."[97]

Leslie Felperin of The Hollywood Reporter felt Washington was "dashing but a little dull," but remarked that Debicki's performance "adds a color to Nolan's palette, and [she] has persuasive chemistry with Branagh in their joint portrait of a violent, dysfunctional love-hate relationship." She further concluded that Tenet makes "for a chilly, cerebral film – easy to admire, especially since it's so rich in audacity and originality, but almost impossible to love, lacking as it is in a certain humanity."[98] Mike McCahill of IndieWire noted that it was "the summer's most keenly awaited event movie" but gave it a "C–" grade and called it "a humorless disappointment."[99] Poor sound mixing on 35 mm movie film "often" rendered dialog inaudible, stated Brian Lloyd of Entertainment.ie; viewing the film on Digital Cinema Package files reduced the problem.[100] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune awarded the film 2 out of 4 stars, writing, "I wish Tenet exploited its own ideas more dynamically. Nolan's a prodigious talent. But no major director, I suppose, can avoid going sideways from time to time."[101]

Notes

  1. ^ Seven weeks of filming in Estonia came at a cost of €16.5 million;[15][35] Warner Bros. Pictures paid a rebate that was reimbursed at thirty percent.[35]
  2. ^ It took one week to secure the permission to shoot in Mumbai.[36] The planned schedule was completed in half the time.[37]
  3. ^ Tenet went under the working title Merry Go Round.[17][36]

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