This is a timeline of Artsakh's history, representing territorial control under three columns:
Starting Date | Sovereign | State/Region | Artsakh Proper |
---|---|---|---|
592 BC [1] | Iran (Medes) | Unknown (Urtekhini?[2]) | |
549 BC | Iran (Achaemenid dynasty)[3] | ||
321 BC | |||
189 BC [4] | |||
Armenia (Artaxiad dynasty)[5] | Province of Artsakh of the Kingdom of Armenia 189 BC to 387 AD [note 1] | ||
Sophene and Kingdom of Commagene - Tigranes the Great conquered these territories | |||
65 BC [6] | Rome | (Artaxiad dynasty) Tigranes II of Armenia becomes a client king of Rome | |
53 BC [7] | Persia (Arsacid dynasty) defeats Rome at the Battle of Carrhae | Armenia (Artaxiad dynasty) - Artavasdes II becomes king of Armenia. | |
36 BC | Rome | Mark Antony begins Parthian campaign[8] Rebellion of King Zober of Albania defeated. | |
33 BC | Rome | Armenia (Artaxiad dynasty) | |
36 | Iran (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
47 | |||
51 [9] | Iberia (Pharnavazid dynasty) | ||
58 | Armenia (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
62 | Iran (Arsacid dynasty) Parthians under Vologases I invade Armenia, unsuccessfully besiege Romans in Tigranocerta. | ||
63 | Rome: Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo invades Armenia and defeats Tiridates I, who accepts Roman sovereignty. Parthia withdraws. | ||
64 | Iran (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
114 [10] | Rome | Roman Armenia Emperor Trajan defeats the Parthians and overruns Armenia | |
118 | Armenia (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
252 | Iran (Sassanian dynasty) | Armenia (Arsacid dynasty) | |
287 | Rome: Diocletian signs peace treaty with King Bahram II of Persia, installs the pro-Roman Arsacid Tiridates III as king in western Armenia. | ||
363 | Persia(Sassanian dynasty: Jovian cedes Corduene and Arzanene to Sassanids. | Corduene and Arzanene | |
Albania (Mihranid dynasty) | |||
376 | Armenia (Arsacid dynasty) | ||
387 | Iran (Sassanian dynasty) | ||
Albania (Mihranid dynasty) | with Sasanian help seizes from Armenia the entire right bank of the river Kura up to the river Araxes | includes Artsakh and Utik.[11] | |
Division of Greater Armenia between Persia and Byzantium | |||
654 | Arab Caliphate | Albania (Mihranid dynasty), | |
850 | Artsakh | ||
884 | Armenia (Bagratid dynasty) | Artsakh | |
1045 | Artsakh | ||
1063 | Seljuk Empire | Artsakh | |
1092 | Eldiguzids | ||
1124 | Georgia (Bagratid dynasty) | Eldiguzids | |
1201 | Armenia (Zakarid dynasty) | ||
1214 [12][13] | Artsakh (Hasan-Jalalyan dynasty) | ||
1236 | Mongol Empire | ||
1256 | Ilkhanate | ||
1261 | Khachen (Hasan-Jalalyan dynasty) | ||
1360 | Karabakh | ||
1337 | Chobanids | ||
1357 | Jalayirids | ||
1375 | Kara Koyunlu | ||
1387 | Timurid Empire | ||
1409 | Kara Koyunlu | ||
1468 | Ak Koyunlu | ||
1501 | Iran (Safavid dynasty) | Province of Karabakh | Melikdoms of Karabakh (Khamsa)[note 2] |
1583 | Ottoman Empire | ||
1603 | Iran (Safavid dynasty) | ||
1725 | |||
1736 | Iran (Afsharid dynasty) | ||
1747 [13] | Karabakh Khanate | ||
1751 | Iran (Zand dynasty) | ||
1797 | Iran (Qajar dynasty) | ||
1805-05 [13][note 3] | Russia (Romanov dynasty) | ||
1822 [13] | |||
1846 | Shemakha Governorate[note 4] | ||
1868 [13] | Elisabethpol Governorate | ||
1917-11-11 | Transcaucasian Commissariat | ||
1918-04-22 | Transcaucasia[note 5] | ||
28 May 1918 [13] | First Republic of Armenia: Declaration of independence | Armenian rebels | |
1918-06-04 [note 6] | |||
1918-07-27 | People's Government of Karabakh | ||
1918-09 | Ottoman Empire |
| |
1918-10-30 [note 7] | British Empire | Mountainous Karabakh was placed under the jurisdiction of Azerbaijan until the final delimitation agreement would be reached at the Paris Peace Conference. | |
1919-08-22 [note 8] | |||
1919-08-23 [note 9] | |||
1920-03-04 [note 10] | Azerbaijan |
| |
1920-04-09 |
| ||
1920-04-13 [note 11] | |||
1920-04-22 [note 12] | |||
1920-04-28 [note 13] | |||
1920-05-12 [13] | Red Army 11th Red Army advances into Armenia on 29 November 1920; transfer of power on 2 December in Yerevan. | Azerbaijan SSR |
|
1920-05-26 | The final status of Mountainous Karabakh was still being debated. | ||
Dec. 1, 1920 [note 14] | |||
1921-07-04 [13][note 15] | |||
1922-03-12 | Azerbaijan SSR, | ||
1922-12-30 [13] | Soviet Union | ||
1923-07-07 [13][note 16] | Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast | ||
1936-12-05 | Azerbaijan SSR | ||
1991 | First Nagorno-Karabakh War
| ||
1991-04-30 [note 17] | |||
1991-09-02 [note 18] | |||
1991-11-26 [13][note 19] | |||
1994-05-12 [note 20] | De facto Artsakh, de jure Azerbaijan | ||
2020-09-27 | Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | ||
2020-11-10[note 21] |
Control over Nagorno-Karabakh is divided between Azerbaijan and Artsakh with Russian peacekeeping forces. Final status to be determined.[17] | ||
September 2023 - January 2024 |
Dissolution of the Republic of Artsakh due to the 2023 Azerbaijani Offensive, followed by a refugee crisis in which nearly the entire population fled to Armenia. |