General graphic summary of the Statistical Atlas of the population of Paris. It is one of the first graphical representation of data in the form of a heat map.[1]

Toussaint Loua (1824 – 1907) was a French statistician and was credited for inventing the heat map in information visualization.[1][2]

Career

Loua was born in Saarn in modern day Germany.[3]

He began his career as a clerk at the Ministry of Commerce in 1850 at the age of 26. From 1875 to 1887, Loua directed the General Directorate of Statistics of France (French: Statistique générale de la France). Under his direction, the SGF published in 1878 the first Statistical Yearbook of France (French: Annuaire statistique de la France) and it was also under its mandate that in 1885 the High Council of Statistics was created.[4][2]

Bibliography

References

  1. ^ a b "Milestones in the History of Thematic Cartography, Statistical Graphics, and Data Visualization". www.datavis.ca. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
  2. ^ a b "Classifying Individuals by Their Participation in the Production System: The 'Active' and 'Inactive' Populations in Late 19th-Century France".
  3. ^ "Toussaint Loua (1824-1907)". data.bnf.fr. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
  4. ^ "Découpage du territoire français : Troisième république (1875-1918)". projetbabel.org. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
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