Transforming growth factor beta-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TGFB3 gene.[5][6]
It is a type of protein, known as a cytokine, which is involved in cell differentiation, embryogenesis and development. It belongs to a large family of cytokines called the Transforming growth factor beta superfamily, which includes the TGF-β family, Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), inhibins and activins.[7]
TGF-β3 is believed to regulate molecules involved in cellular adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation during the process of palate development. Without TGF-β3, mammals develop a deformity known as a cleft palate.[8][9] This is caused by failure of epithelial cells in both sides of the developing palate to fuse. TGF-β3 also plays an essential role in controlling the development of lungs in mammals, by also regulating cell adhesion and ECM formation in this tissue,[10] and controls wound healing by regulating the movements of epidermal and dermal cells in injured skin.[5]
Transforming growth factor, beta 3 has been shown to interact with TGF beta receptor 2.[11][12][13][14]
After successful phase I/II trials,[15] human recombinant TGF-β3 (Avotermin, planned trade name Juvista) failed in Phase III trials.[16]