The United States applies sanctions against China. The US maintained embargoes against China from the inception of the People's Republic of China in 1949 until 1972. An embargo was reimposed by the US following the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989. In 2020, the US imposed sanctions and visa restrictions against several Chinese government officials, in response to the Uyghur genocide and human rights abuses in Hong Kong and Tibet.
After the establishment of Communist rule in China in 1949, an embargo against the sale of military technology or infrastructure, previously levied against the Soviet Union, was expanded to include the newly established People's Republic of China.[1] Following the onset of the Korean War, further trade restrictions were imposed.[2][better source needed] The trade embargo was lifted under President Richard Nixon in 1972 right before the PRC opening up its economy and established official relations.[3]
Following the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989, the Bush Sr. administration imposed an arms embargo against the PRC after the massacre of the protesters.[4]
On July 9, 2020, the Trump administration imposed sanctions and visa restrictions against senior Chinese officials, including CCP Politburo member Chen Quanguo, Zhu Hailun, Wang Mingshan (王明山) and Huo Liujun (霍留军). With sanctions, they and their immediate relatives are barred from entering the US and will have US-based assets frozen.[5]
In August 2020, Chief Executive Carrie Lam and ten other Hong Kong government officials were sanctioned by the United States Department of the Treasury under an executive order by President Trump for undermining Hong Kong's autonomy.[6][7][8] The sanction is based on the Hong Kong Autonomy Act and Lam would be listed in the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List.
On December 7, 2020, pursuant to the order, the US Department of the Treasury imposed sanctions on entire 14 Vice Chairpersons of the National People's Congress of China, for "undermining Hong Kong's autonomy and restricting the freedom of expression or assembly".[9]
On 12 November 2020, President Donald Trump signed Executive Order 13959, titled "Addressing the Threat From Securities Investments That Finance Communist Chinese Military Companies". The executive order prohibits all U.S. investors (institutional and retail investors alike) from purchasing or investing in securities of companies identified by the U.S. Department of Defense as "Communist Chinese military companies."[10][11] As at 3 December 2020, 44 Chinese companies have been listed. Five of these companies are to be delisted by the New York Stock Exchange by March 2021.[12] On 13 January 2021, the executive order was amended to require divestment from the companies by 11 November 2021.[13]
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