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Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Valine
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Other names
2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid
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Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider | |||
DrugBank | |||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.703 | ||
KEGG | |||
PubChem CID
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UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |||
C5H11NO2 | |||
Molar mass | 117.148 g·mol−1 | ||
Density | 1.316 g/cm3 | ||
Melting point | 298 °C decomp. | ||
soluble | |||
Acidity (pKa) | 2.32 (carboxyl), 9.62 (amino)[1] | ||
Supplementary data page | |||
Valine (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Valine (abbreviated as Val or V)[3] is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH(CH3)2. L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. Its codons are GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG. This essential amino acid is classified as nonpolar. Human dietary sources include cottage cheese, fish, poultry, peanuts, sesame seeds, and lentils.
Along with leucine and isoleucine, valine is a branched-chain amino acid. It is named after the plant valerian. In sickle-cell disease, valine substitutes for the hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid in hemoglobin. Because valine is hydrophobic, the hemoglobin is prone to abnormal aggregation.
Valine is an essential amino acid, hence it must be ingested, usually as a component of proteins. It is synthesized in plants via several steps starting from pyruvic acid. The initial part of the pathway also leads to leucine. The intermediate α-ketoisovalerate undergoes reductive amination with glutamate. Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include:[4]
Racemic valine can be synthesized by bromination of isovaleric acid followed by amination of the α-bromo derivative[5]