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Companies

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Law firms

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Non-profits

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People

Please request articles about people in business at Wikipedia:Requested articles/Business and economics/People in business, not here.

Terminology (business)

Other

Economic theory and history

Requests for articles about topics relating to economic theory, policy or history are on a separate page, and should be added there.

Econometrics

• economics of mathematics^[22]
• Mathematical economy^[23]
• econometric bias: Analysing Econometric Bias and Non-linearity in Returns to Education of Pakistan
• economics in society, Economics and society:

1. Demand for labor: the neglected side of the market [1 ed.] ISBN 978-0-19-879137-9
2. Neglected Links in Economics and Society: Inequality, Organization, Work and Economic Methodology ISBN 9783030791926
3. The Role of the Public Sector: Economics and Society ISBN 9781803925608
4. Essays on Economics and Society Part I (Essays on Unsettled Qs) ISBN 9780802051851
5. Support-Bargaining, Economics and Society : A Social Species [1 ed.] ISBN 9781136172335
6. The New Natural Resource: Knowledge Development, Society and Economics ISBN 9781472423436
7. Turkey since 1970: Politics, Economics and Society ISBN 978-1-349-41304-1
8. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Economics and Society [1 ed.] ISBN 9781452226439

• economics topology:

1. Horvath, Charles D. (2001). "On the topological social choice problem". Social Choice and Welfare. 18 (2): 227–250. doi:10.1007/s003550100101. ISSN 0176-1714. JSTOR 41106411.
2. Networks, Topology and Dynamics: Theory and Applications to Economics and Social Systems [1 ed.] ISBN 978-3-540-68409-1

• algebra and economics:

1. Fundamentals of Linear Algebra: With Applications in Computer Science, Economics, Engineering, Mathematics, and Physics ISBN 9780429758119
2. Minimax Algebra [1 ed.] ISBN 978-3-642-48708-8
3. Linear Algebra for Economists [1 ed.] ISBN 9783642205699

• Stochastic economics:

1. Stochastic Economics. Stochastic Processes, Control, and Programming ISBN 978-0-12-691650-8

• Mathematics and economics:

1. Limit (mathematics)
2. Equilateral_triangle#Circumradius,_inradius,_and_exradii
3. Perimeter#Circumference_of_a_circle
4. Pompeiu's theorem
5. Thermoeconomics

• Work and energy in economics:

1. The Economic Growth Engine: How Energy and Work Drive Material Prosperity ISBN 9781848441828

• Physics and Economics:

1. Econophysics
2. "Small Is Beautiful". www.ditext.com. Retrieved 2023-09-02.
3. Simon, Singh. "Review : Isaac the torturer". New Scientist. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
4. Calculus

• Socialist religion, communist religion:

1. Confucianism, Baháʼí Faith, juche
2. Red Theology: On the Christian Communist Tradition ISBN 9789004381322
3. The Secret Police and the Religious Underground in Communist and Post-Communist Eastern Europe ISBN 9780429331466

• Socialist statistics, communist statistics:

1. "China Hits Back at Report That It Hid Coronavirus Numbers". Time. 2020-04-02. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
2. Data capitalism:
3. Cambridge capital controversy
4. Dragulescu, Adrian A.; Yakovenko, Victor M. (2003). "Statistical Mechanics of Money, Income, and Wealth: A Short Survey". AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 661. pp. 180–183. arXiv:cond-mat/0211175. doi:10.1063/1.1571309. S2CID 14633342.
5. "Statistical Mechanics of Money - Wolfram Demonstrations Project". demonstrations.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
6. Vitali, Stefania; Glattfelder, James B.; Battiston, Stefano (2011-10-26). "The network of global corporate control". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e25995. arXiv:1107.5728. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...625995V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025995. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3202517. PMID 22046252.

• Logic and war:

1. Strategy: The Logic of War and Peace [Revised] ISBN 9780674007031
2. Matilda, New (2015-07-09). "The Global Land Grab: Giving With One Hand And Taking Everything With The Other". New Matilda. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
3. Schechter, Danny (2010-09-01). The Crime Of Our Time: Why Wall Street is Not Too Big To Jail. Red Wheel Weiser. ISBN 978-1-934708-62-0.
4. "O que é o embargo dos EUA a Cuba e como ele afetou a economia da ilha". CNN Brasil. Retrieved 2023-08-13.
5. "War in the History of Economic Thought: Economists and the Question of War". Routledge & CRC Press. Retrieved 2023-09-03.

• Monetarism and keynesianism:

1. "John Maynard Keynes by Milton Friedman". J.M. Keynes. Retrieved 2023-12-20.

• Geometry and economics, arithmetics and economics:

1. Geometry in Economics
2. Nock, Richard; Magdalou, Brice; Sanz, Nicolas; Briys, Eric; Celimene, Fred; Nielsen, Frank (2009). "Information geometries and Microeconomic Theories". arXiv:0901.2586 [q-fin.GN].

• economics of mathematics and arts, economic aesthetics:

1. Art, Ideology, and Economics in Nazi Germany: The Reich Chambers of Music, Theater, and the Visual Arts ISBN 9780807846070
2. Design of surface - water sewers: methods of design showing economics in the office and in construction / 1964
3. Institutional Economics and the Formation of Preferences: The Advent of Pop Music (New Horizons in Institutional and Evolutionary Economics Series) ISBN 9781845420727
4. Aesthetics#cite_ref-22
5. Apple Industrial Design Group
6. Entwistle, Joanne (2002). "The Aesthetic Economy: The production of value in the field of fashion modelling". Journal of Consumer Culture. 2 (3): 317–339. doi:10.1177/146954050200200302. ISSN 1469-5405.
7. "FlusserBrasil". www.flusserbrasil.com. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
8. Institutional Economics and the Formation of Preferences: The Advent of Pop Music ISBN 9781843762331
9. The Economics of the Popular Music Industry [1 ed.] ISBN 978-1-349-69162-3
10. Mathematics and art
11. Rockonomics: a backstage tour of what the music industry can teach us about economics and life [First edition] ISBN 9781524763718
12. Mammon's Music: Literature and Economics in the Age of Milton ISBN 9780300093780

• Darwinism in business:

1. [6]
2. [7]
3. [8]
4. [9]
5. [10]

• Indo-european economics, indo-aryan economics:

1. Bhāskara I, Bhāskara II, Mathematics in Nazi Germany

• Advanced Econometrics – 1985 textbook on econometrics; written by Amemiya
• anchor city
• Gaussian Copula:

1. pt:Cópula gaussiana

• Accisa-debate
• Baxter-King filter
• Dynamic conditional correlation – Widely used method developed by Robert F. Engle
• Grenander conditions
• Ichimoku Chart
• Incidental Parameter Problem
• Integrated System Analysis – analysis of markets, determinants and market interventions
• Economic logic/Economic reason/ Economic logics/Economic logic/economy logic/economic reason:

1. Wall Street's Think Tank: The Council on Foreign Relations and the Empire of Neoliberal Geopolitics, ISBN 1976-2014-978-1583675519 Parameter error in ((ISBN)): length
2. Logic and Economics: Free Growth and Other Surprises ISBN 978-1935953968 Pareto, Vilfredo, (1971 [1906]), Manual of Political Economy, New York: A.M. Kelley
3. Pareto, Vilfredo, (1971 [1906]), Manual of Political Economy, New York: A.M. Kelley,
4. How Markets Fail: The Logic of Economic Calamities
5. Skousen, Mark (2000). Economic logic. Internet Archive. Washington, DC : Capital Press ; Lanham, MD : distributed to the trade by National Book Network. ISBN 978-0-89526-216-5., Mark Skousen ISBN 1621572226
6. The Production of Seriousness: The Metaphysics of Economic Reason. ISBN 978-1-349-34669-1
7. The Economic Reason: A Piecemeal Guide to Your Inner Homo Economicus ISBN 9783030560430
8. Economies of Death: Economic logics of killable life and grievable death ISBN 9781138805767
9. "As Bolsonaro incinerates the Amazon, urgent action is needed for climate justice". The Mail & Guardian. 2019-09-05. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
10. "BRONZE AGE REDUX: On Debt, Clean Slates And What The Ancients Have To Teach Us". AGOTT. 2018-04-27. Retrieved 2023-09-02.

• Economic logics/Economic logic/economy logic/economic reason:

1. Kilakos, Dimitris (2019-06-30). "Sofia A. Yanovskaya: The Marxist Pioneer of Mathematical Logic in the Soviet Union". Transversal: International Journal for the Historiography of Science (6). doi:10.24117/2526-2270.2019.i6.06. ISSN 2526-2270.
2. “Behind Global System Collapse: The Life-Blind Structure of Economic Rationality”, Journal of Business Ethics (2012), 108:1, 49-61.
3. kanopiadmin (2001-02-17). "Logical Economics vs. Mathematical Economics". Mises Institute. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
4. How Markets Fail: The Logic of Economic Calamities
5. Cohen, Ernesto; Gómez, Angela (2008). "Indigence and the Informal Sector: A Model for Understanding the Economic Logic Underlying Urban Domestic Units in Chile". The Latin Americanist. 49: 91–123. doi:10.1111/j.1557-203x.2005.tb00066.x.
6. Schwartz, Marius (2000). "The Economic Logic for Conditioning Bell Entry into Long Distance on the Prior Opening of Local Markets". Journal of Regulatory Economics. 18 (3): 247–288. doi:10.1023/a:1008155020908.
7. Dill, L.M.; Gillett, J.F. (1991). "The economic logic of barnacle Balanus glandula (Darwin) hiding behavior". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 153 (1): 115–127. Bibcode:1991JEMBE.153..115D. doi:10.1016/s0022-0981(05)80010-3.
8. Mikesell, John L. (1978). "Government Decisions in Budgeting and Taxing: The Economic Logic". Public Administration Review. 38 (6): 511–513. doi:10.2307/976029. JSTOR 976029.
9. Mikesell, John L. (1978). "Government Decisions in Budgeting and Taxing: The Economic Logic". Public Administration Review. 38 (6): 511–513. doi:10.2307/976029. JSTOR 976029.
10. Pyle, William (2006). "Collective action and post-communist enterprise: The economic logic of Russia's business associations". Europe-Asia Studies. 58 (4): 491–521. doi:10.1080/09668130600652068. hdl:2027.42/40180.
11. Bygballe, Lena Elisabeth; Håkansson, Håkan; Jahre, Marianne (2013). "A critical discussion of models for conceptualizing the economic logic of construction". Construction Management and Economics. 31 (2): 104–118. doi:10.1080/01446193.2012.745645.
12. Chalsty, Deborah (1999). "The Economic Logic of Copyright". Legal Reference Services Quarterly. 17 (1–2): 145–159. doi:10.1300/j113v17n01_09.
13. Kung, James Kai-Sing; Bai, Ying (2011). "Induced Institutional Change or Transaction Costs? The Economic Logic of Land Reallocations in Chinese Agriculture". Journal of Development Studies. 47 (10): 1510–1528. doi:10.1080/00220388.2010.506916.
14. McKay, David (2005). "Economic logic or political logic? Economic theory, federal theory and EMU". Journal of European Public Policy. 12 (3): 528–544. doi:10.1080/13501760500091810.
15. . doi:10.1177/0961463x9800700200 (inactive 2024-06-16). ((cite journal)): Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2024 (link)
16. Bernhard, Richard H. (1990). "Improving the Economic Logic Underlying Replacement Age Decisions for Municipal Garbage Trucks: Case Study". The Engineering Economist. 35 (2): 129–147. doi:10.1080/00137919008903010.
17. Van Ginkel, Rob (2014). "A Texel fishing lineage: The social dynamic and economic logic of family firms". Maritime Studies. 13. doi:10.1186/s40152-014-0010-9.
18. Dutheil, April; Tester, Frank; Konek, Jordan (2015). "Unequal exchange: Western economic logic and Inuit/Qablunaat research relationships". Polar Record. 51 (2): 140–150. Bibcode:2015PoRec..51..140D. doi:10.1017/s0032247413000673.
19. Wickham, Chris (2008). "Productive Forces and the Economic Logic of the Feudal Mode of Production". Historical Materialism. 16 (2): 3–22. doi:10.1163/156920608x296051.
20. Simchi-Levi, David; Chen, Xin; Bramel, Julien (2014). "Economic Lot Size Models with Constant Demands". The Logic of Logistics. Springer Series in Operations Research and Financial Engineering. pp. 117–136. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9149-1_7. ISBN 978-1-4614-9148-4.
21. Bornschier, Volker; Herkenrath, Mark; Ziltener, Patrick (2004). "Political and economic logic of western european integration a study of convergence comparing member and non-member states, 1980–98". European Societies. 6: 71–96. doi:10.1080/1461669032000176323.
22. Feldman, Maryann (2012). "The Economic Logic of U.S. Science How Economics Shapes Science by Paula Stephan Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2012. 383 pp. $45, £33.95, €40.50. ISBN 9780674049710". Science. 335 (6073): 1171. doi:10.1126/science.1217823.
23. Hirshleifer, Jack (1993). "The Affections and the Passions". Rationality and Society. 5 (2): 185–202. doi:10.1177/1043463193005002004.
24. Himmelstein, David U.; Woolhandler, Steffie (2007). "Massachusetts' Approach to Universal Coverage: High Hopes and Faulty Economic Logic". International Journal of Health Services. 37 (2): 251–257. doi:10.2190/q81u-215k-6570-5121. PMID 17665722.
25. Breiner, Peter (1995). "The Political Logic of Economics and the Economic Logic of Modernity in Max Weber". Political Theory. 23: 25–47. doi:10.1177/0090591795023001003.
26. Trade Governance of the Belt and Road Initiative: Economic Logic, Value Choices, and Institutional Arrangement ISBN 9781138572669
27. "BRONZE AGE REDUX: On Debt, Clean Slates And What The Ancients Have To Teach Us". AGOTT. 2018-04-27. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
28. Escobar, Pepe (2017-05-14). "Peace, harmony and happiness, plus a deluge of yuan". Asia Times. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
29. [11]
30. [12]
31. [13]
32. [14]
33. Korybko, Andrew (2017-03-31). "Hybrid War Can Wreak Havoc Across West Africa (III)". OrientalReview.org. Retrieved 2023-06-10.
34. Critique of Economic Reason ISBN 9780860919681
35. The Philosophy of Economics: On the Scope of Reason in Economic Inquiry (International Library of Philosophy) [Reprint ed.] ISBN 9780415060288
36. Models of Bounded Rationality: Empirically Grounded Economic Reason, Volume 3 ISBN 9780262193726
37. Trade Governance of the Belt and Road Initiative: Economic Logic, Value Choices, and Institutional Arrangement. ISBN 9781138572669

• LDOD – (long-term debt outstanding and disbursed)
• Least squares learning
• New Empirical Industrial Organization
• quasi-likelihood ratio statistic
• quasi-differencing
• quit rate, quits rate, the rate at which people quit their jobs – Turnover (employment)
• reduced-form regression
• robust smoother
• roughness penalty
• social economic analysis
• Staiger-Stock test for the strength of instrumental variables
• structure of production
• State-space approach to linearization
• structural change method (SCM model) – By my understanding, like a Markov model but with continuous values instead of simply on/off. Used for the modeling of sudden jumps in financial time series. Has also been used in BioConductor for detecting transcription (biology) boundaries.
• nonmyopic equilibrium

Economic policy

Requests for articles about topics relating to economic theory, policy or history are on a separate page, and should be added there.

Economic problems

Requests for articles about topics relating to economic theory, policy or history are on a separate page, and should be added there.

Economists

A–H

• Economics of planning, Elias Jabbour:

1. Gabriele, Alberto; Jabbour, Elias (2022-03-02). Socialist Economic Development in the 21st Century: A Century after the Bolshevik Revolution. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-54548-7.

• George Abed – Institute of International Finance [15] Senior Counselor and Director for Africa & the Middle East. Former Chairman of the Palestine Monetary Authority, where he was responsible for developing and implementing a comprehensive plan to restructure the PMA in preparation for transforming the institution into a full fledged central bank and for reforming and strengthening the banking system in Palestine [16]. Previously, Mr. Abed had served as Director of the Middle East and Central Asia Department of the International Monetary Fund and Special Advisor to the Managing Director. Prior to taking up that position, he served as Deputy Director of the IMF’s Fiscal Affairs Department [17]. Other references:

1. [18]
2. [19]
3. [20].

• Dennis R. Appleyard – Chair Department of Economics at Davidson college, Main Author of the International Economics (6th Edition) McGrawHill Inc. Received UNC-Chapel Hill's Tanner Award for "Excellence in Inspirational Teaching of Undergraduate Students" in 1983 and Davidson's Thomas Jefferson Award for teaching and service in 2004; [21]^{[dead link]}
• Philip Armstrong (historian) – economic historian
• Dany Bahar (economist): d:Q27892374 – Venezuelan and Israeli economist. Focus areas are international economics and economic development. David M Rubenstein Fellow at the Brookings Instituion and associate at Harvard Center for International Development.
• David Besanko: d:Q30072109 – Alivn J. Huss Professor of Management and Strategy; author of multiple economics text books; Editorial Board, Review of Industrial Organization; Editorial Board, Journal of Regulatory Economics; [22]
• Gerhard Mensch: de:Gerhard Mensch (Wirtschaftswissenschaftler) – professor at Case Western Reserve University
• Gerard Hastings OBE – Professor of Social Marketing at University of Stirling and Director of the Institute for Social Marketing and the Cancer Research UK Centre for Tobacco Control Research. Hastings on WHO Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity, Hastings, Gerard (2013-05-02). The Marketing Matrix: How the Corporation Gets Its Power – And How We Can Reclaim It. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-22891-9.

1. Hastings, Gerard (2007-05-21). Social Marketing: Why should the Devil have all the best tunes?. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-055011-4.

• Bruce Boissonnault – Faculty at Northwestern University's Kellogg Graduate School and founding publisher of www.myHealthFinder.com.
• Dr. Katrina Ellis – Head of Research at Australian Prudential Reglatory Authority, PhD at Cornell University, Fulbright scholarship alumni. Worked with Maureen O'Hara on "When the Underwriter is the Market Maker: An Examination of Trading in the IPO Aftermarket"
• Robin Brooks (economist) – Institute of International Finance [23] Mr. Brooks serves as Managing Director and Chief Economist, overseeing the IIF’s macroeconomic analysis and serves as part of the IIF’s senior management team. Previously, Mr. Brooks was the Chief FX Strategist at Goldman Sachs based in NY, where he was responsible for the firm’s foreign exchange forecasts and publishing international macro research. Prior to joining Goldman, Mr. Brooks was the FX strategist at Brevan Howard. Before joining the private sector, Mr. Brooks spent eight years as an economist at the International Monetary Fund, where he worked on the IMF’s fair value models for FX, published academic research and participated in missions to IMF program countries. Mr. Brooks earned his PhD in Economics from Yale University in 1998. He earned a BSc in Monetary Economics from the London School of Economics in 1993.
• Alexander Erlich: d:Q59529997 [24] — professor at Columbia University, the son of Henryk Ehrlich
• Bent Hansen (economist): ru:Хансен, Бент (экономист) [25] [26] – the chair of Department of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley (1977–1985)
• John William Hatfield – PhD economics, Stanford, 2005; currently at Stanford Graduate School of Business.
• Henry T. C. Hu – Allan Shivers Chair in the Law of Banking and Finance at the University of Texas Law School; appointed by U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Chairman Mary L. Schapiro as the inaugural Director of the SEC's Division of Risk, Strategy, and Financial Innovation (2009-2011).
• Jeffrey Rogers Hummel - a professor of the faculty of the Department of Economics in San Jose State University who authored Emancipating Slaves, Enslaving Free Men: A History of the American Civil War [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32]

J–Z

• marx and Hitler Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).
• Naum Jasny – ru:Ясный, Наум Михайлович – the father of Natascha Artin Brunswick
• Hari Bansh Jha – one of senior most economists of Nepal; academician
• Jim Jubak – senior markets editor, MSN Money
• Hilary Kramer – financial journalist
• Jyotish Kumar – Research Scholar, Department of Economics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
• William Dean Lastrapes: d:Q30073045 – Current editor of the Journal of Macroeconomics (2014–present). Current Professor of Economics at the Terry College of Business at the University of Georgia (2002–present). Associate editor of the Journal of Economics and Business (1999-present). Former Economics Department Head at the Terry College of Business at the University of Georgia (2002–2008).
• Susan Laury – d:Q29570209 Experimental Economist; over 5000 citations on google scholar
• Manuel Fernández López – Specialist in History of Economic Thinking, FCE, University of Buenos Aires
• Mukul Majumdar: d:Q102123223 – PhD economics, Berkeley, 1970. Fellow of the Econometric Society (1976). Currently at the economics department at Cornell University.
• Jordan Matsudaira – d:Q95970920 Ph.D. Associate professor of economics, chief economist for Barack Obama's Council of Economic Advisers [33][34][35][36]
• James C. McConnon, Jr. Professor of Economics, University of Maine, Microenterprise research, cruise ship economic impacts, regional economics
• Brendan McEvoy – economic researcher, National University of Australia
• Kamiar Mohaddes – Macroeconomist at Cambridge Judge Business School at the University of Cambridge and Fellow in Economics at King's College, Cambridge. Executive Secretary for the International Iranian Economic Association.
• Sam I. Nakagama Former chief economist at various times for Chase, Kidder Peabody, and Argus Research; WWII camp internee; WWII army veteran; graduate University of Chicago; Milton Friedman student.
• Nugent-Smith, Jerome Patrick – International economist and educator. Lancaster University (1967-71) cited in Umberto Meoli.
• Julio H. G. Olivera – Argentine Math economist: obituary (Spanish) es:Julio H. G. Olivera
• James E. Pesando – d:Q41804783 [37]
• Solomon W. Polachek: d:Q30071224 — Labor economist, Distinguished Research Professor at Binghamton University. [38][39]
• John M. Quigley (1942–2012) d:Q30069057 – scholar of housing markets; obituary1 obituary2
• Walter P. Stern – Chairman of the Board of Trustees; Board Member; Executive Committee Member of the Hudson Institute
• Janet Stotsky – [40]
• Leonardo Augusto Amaral Terra – Socioeconomic Dynamics researcher, University of São Paulo, Winner of West Churchman Memorial Prize (2014).
• Jan Toporowski — pl:Jan Toporowski [41]

Terminology (economics)

• economic terminology^[24]
• bipartisan policy Religious Freedom in Egypt in 2021
• Bipartisan inequality Playing with Fire. The Muslim Brotherhood and the Egyptian Leviathan; With the Highest Inequality in Human History, Societies Are Ripe for Social Change; [42]
• Multimodal economics ^[25]
• capitalism in the New York^[26]
• communism in the New York^[27]
• social nationalism in New York^[28]
• economic culture:

1. Tales of Two Cities: Race and Economic Culture in Early Republican North and South America ISBN 0292781679
2. Ponzi Scheme: Learn to detect scams and take care of your money (Economic Culture Book 5) ISBN 9782806268457
3. Benjamin Franklin (2002 TV series)
4. China's economic culture: the ritual order of state and markets ISBN 9780415711272
5. Oil Revolution: Anticolonial Elites, Sovereign Rights, and the Economic Culture of Decolonization ISBN 9781107168619

• Automatic Mixed Securities Shelf
• default barrier
• export-supply curve
• hedonic deflation
• level accounting
• Marshall and Swift Cost Index – Cost estimation for engineering equipment
• Open offer, Open offering – Special kind of a capital increase of joint-stock companies
• polyopoly Local monopolies, due to high cost of relocation. Historically seen in factory locations in industrial-revolution-era woolen mills in England, in modern times ISP local monopolies.
• Pro-cyclicality – Mentioned as a potential major factor in the 2008 world financial crisis – may be covered with business cycles
• R. S. Means
• Real social:

1. Real Social Science: Applied Phronesis ISBN 9780521168205

• resource colonialism
• Risk corridors (in health insurance)
• segment operation income
• Terms of sale, probably best to explain in the Terms of service article and then make both "Terms of sale" and "Terms of Sale" redirect there. Many companies have separate Terms of sale, such as The New York Times,[43] which may make finding reliable sources that discuss the subject difficult
• tax performance
• Neighborhood Stabilization Program Grant [44]
• A15 (coordinated economic boycott on April 15, 2024 in response to Israel’s attack on Rafah, Palestine) [45]

A–G

• Accident year (along with report year, policy year, calendar year, but this is probably the most important) – a way that data is aggregated in actuarial science and insurance https://www.irmi.com/online/insurance-glossary/terms/a/accident-year-data.aspx
• Act of April 10, 1806 (United States legislation dealing with currency and coinage among other issues) (Act of April 10, 1806 (bottom of the page) / Act of April 10, 1806 (as related to currency) /

1. "Collection of Monetary Acts". www.heritech.com. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
2. "Runkle v. United States, 122 U.S. 543 (1887)". Justia Law. Retrieved 2023-07-03.

• Abacus Deal – [46]
• Agibank – A digital bank and tech startup that uses the phone number as a bank account. [47] [48]
• AirGap - (A free self-custody cold storage crypto wallet that securely stores private keys offline.) (website, medium)
• Akirix – A service that provides a secure way of transferring money from company to company. [49]
• Alliance One – An ATM cooperative network for credit unions and community banks similar to the Co-op Network. Both networks may have overlapping memberships, but not all credit unions are members of both ATM networks. [50]
• American Oriental Bioengineering – traded New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: AOB) 119; currently redirects to Financial statements
• Ameriflex – uses automatic electronic transfer of pre-tax dollars from an employee account when paying for qualified expenses; [51] ^{[dead link]}
• Black Diamond Capital Management – Private Equity
• cabinet order – discussed for example in FIX book management practices – no online definitions!
• California Mortgage Association - California nonprofit organization, formed in 1999, that represents individuals, sole proprietorships, corporations and partnerships involved with the origination, selling, or servicing of trust deed loans. Members include those regulated by the Bureau of Real Estate (BRE) and by the Department of Business Oversight (DBO). In addition to California licensed mortgage brokers and lenders, CMA also represents affiliate members, including title, escrow and software services, among others:

1. [52]

• Certified Healthcare Financial Professional (CHFP) – Professional certification designation granted by HFMA.
• Charge Rate – Financial Analysis / Tariff Computation
• Chapter X bankruptcy - a former bankruptcy chapter rolled into chapter 11
• Cinium Financial – holding company; provides insurance and financial-related products and services to small an medium businesses; subsidiaries include a licensed and admitted property and casualty insurance company (upper hudson national insurance company), licensed insurance agency (cinium underwriter services group dba OxBonding), risk management group (cinium risk management), a company that provides payroll services (ox payroll), and a company that provides financing and working capital to small businesses (cinium finance corp). [53][54] ^{[dead link]};[55] ^{[dead link]};[56]
• Coficom Trust S.à r.l. – [57] provides expert tax structuring advice and important information on double-tax treaties and changes in law, specifically in Luxembourg.]
• ConnectPay - An Electronic Money Institution (EMI) that offers banking services for businesses and institutional clients:

1. [58]
2. "Connectpay". Rekvizitai.lt Lithuania. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
3. "UAB "ConnectPay"". www.lb.lt. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
4. "ConnectPay: Shaping the FinTech Industry with Innovative Solutions". Analytics Insight. 2021-09-15. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
5. "ConnectPay Reviews | Best Payroll Services & Payment Apps Online". AskWallet - independent rating platform of electronic money systems. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
6. Maxfield, John (2016-02-20). "How Wells Fargo Survived the Panic of 1855". The Motley Fool. Retrieved 2023-07-03.

• Conference of State Bank Supervisors (CSBS) - A national organization founded in 1902, dedicated to protecting and advancing the nation’s dual-banking system. The NMLS is owned and operated by the State Regulatory Registry LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of CSBS.

1. [59]
2. "Nationwide MultiState Licensing System". www.csbs.org. Retrieved 2023-11-10.

• Default fund – a mutualised loss-sharing arrangements where clearing members make contributions to central counterparties
• Effective financing statement
• Eldorado GG - A virtual economy marketplace for gamers to trade virtual goods:

1. "Eldorado GG - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding". Crunchbase. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
2. "In-Game Items and Currencies Marketplace Eldorado.gg Publishes Infographic Showing Most Expensive Items Ever Sold". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Retrieved 2023-07-03.
3. Hua, Ying (2020-06-09). "Why players should use online gaming marketplaces like Eldorado.gg?". Gizchina.com. Retrieved 2023-07-03.

• Electric Home and Farm Authority (EHFA) – US Gov agency from 1936-1942[60]
• EI Variance This term has been used by Navarik inspection tool in a report. What does this mean? I can't find any references for the same on internet.
• Enfinium – global trading firm; created through the combination of engineering and finance
• ePayLater -ePayLater is a Mumbai based fintech company, founded in 2015, offering digital credit based payment solution.

1. "IDFC Bank ties up with ePayLater, facilitates loan disbursals through UPI". Economic Times. 4 May 2018.
2. "AfterPay founder, Stefan van den Berg, joins ePayLater as strategic advisor". The Economic Times. 16 May 2018.

• ESW Capital – A private equity firm based in Austin, Texas that owns Trilogy (company):

1. "Kayako Acquired by ESW Capital". CNBC. Retrieved 15 March 2018. amount other businesses.

• Fare collection systems in Bangladesh:

1. BRTC SPASS Card Bangladesh. Retrieved 2024-04-21 – via www.youtube.com.
2. Kano, Tsuyoshi (2013-12-07). "Impact of the introduction of IC card transport fare collection system and anti-corruption: Case study of a pilot project for a government bus corporation in Bangladesh". Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies and Development: Notes - Volume 2. ICTD '13. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 57–60. doi:10.1145/2517899.2517904. ISBN 978-1-4503-1907-2.
3. [61]

• Federal Reserve National Settlement Service:

1. The Federal Reserve Banks provide the National Settlement Service.
2. Settlement (finance).

• FINIPC Financial Interprocess Communication message format
• Gobi Partners - Gobi Partners is one of the longest-standing venture capital firms with a Pan-Asian presence across North Asia, South Asia, and ASEAN with over US$1.1 billion in assets under management (AUM). The firm, headquartered in Kuala Lumpur and Shanghai, supports entrepreneurs from the early to growth stages and focuses on emerging and underserved markets:

1. "Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem".
2. "For Gobi Partners, Covid-19 is a game changer for the SEA VC sector". Digital News Asia. March 23, 2021.

• Refugee Lens Investing (A framework to define and qualify refugee investments to facilitate the deployment of capital toward refugees and the communities hosting them) [62] [63] [64] [65]

H–M

• Heartland Seniors Finance (Australian Reverse Mortgage provider, originally established in 2004 as 'Australian Seniors Finance', the company was purchased by Heartland Bank – a New Zealand bank. ASF was renamed to Heartland Seniors Finance to reflect new ownership. ) (https://www.brokernews.com.au/news/breaking-news/multimillion-dollar-reverse-mortgage-acquisition-186097.aspx, https://www.canstar.com.au/providers/heartland-seniors-finance-reverse-mortgage/, https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/wealth/caution-with-reverse-mortgages/news-story/bb0610e0abe3b327db280aa328490e51?sv=80b74f923741ca872a8e0206151bfcd5,)
• HedgeGuard (Fintech company where full front-to-back portfolio management system has been designed and created by developers and buy-side professionals. Used by Asset managers, hedge funds, family offices and their respective middle office team) (https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/hedge-guard, https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapid=225205559, https://leap.vc/talent/company/14/hedgeguard/, https://www.rimes.com/integration/hedgeguard/)
• Heinlein Heritage Check System, Heritage Check System, Heritage Check – A theoretical public finance system designed by the Engineer Robert H. Heinlein and proposed in his book, "For Us, The Living" whereby a government is funded by investing in the society instead of by taxes.

Is this simply a different name for the Social Credit concept?

• Industrial goods – Define and compare to consumer goods and services.
• Internet finance in China - Internet finance services in China such as P2P, third-part lending, and online investment funds have increased in recent years, China has biggest internet finance industry; scandals and frauds related to internet finance in China; and regulatory framework and policies.
• Istituto Finanziario Industriale, the principal holding company of the Agnelli Group which includes 30% of the Fiat and 60% of Juventus F.C.. It joined it:Exor.
• Kasasa cash – some sort of financial tool or alternative currency being used by smaller banks.
• KCRise Fund – A venture capital firm based in Kansas City that focuses on investing in emerging business in and around the Kansas City metropolitan area.[66] KCRise Fund is the most active venture capital fund in the state of Kansas[67] and, with $60 million in assets under management, is the largest Midwest-based venture capital firm founded solely by a woman.[68]
• Laybuy - Laybuy is a New Zealand financial technology company operating in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. The company is a payments platform that allows retailers to offer weekly, interest-free, instalment plans:

1. [69]
2. [70]
3. [71]
4. [72]
5. [73]
6. [74]
7. [75]
8. [76]
9. [77]
10. [78]
11. [79]
12. [80]
13. [81]

• Loan Notes – UK financing technique
• Lendingkart – Lendingkart is an online financing company [82], [83]
• Land and Buildings Investment Management – Notable activist hedge fund that focuses on investments in REITs and real estate related companies.
• Lending Loop Canadian p2p business lending platform.
• Matching halt – I think it is a kind of Pause in the Stock Marked when new vital information is released.
• MMIFF – cf. the Federal Reserve's balance sheet [84]
• Middle East and Africa Bank A bank based in Beirut, Lebanon with some controversy related to its owners.
• Mirror account – A bank maintaining its account with another bank
• Mlhuillier Financial Services – One of largest Financial Services Company in the Philippines offering Quick Cash Loans, Money Transfer Services (Domestic & International), Bills Payment and other services.
• Monacoin - cryptocurrency involved in the 2018 Zaif exchange compromise:

1. Reidy, Gearoid (2018-09-19). "Hackers Steal $60 Million From Japanese Crypto Exchange Zaif". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-09-20.

N–R

• Named order – a type of order on the London Stock Exchange, not allowed for all financial instruments. An explanation is needed by someone familiar with the subject.
• Needham Funds:

1. [85]
2. [86]

• Neal Analytics(A B2B consulting company focused on AI, data science, and cloud technology. Founded in 2011, headquarters is in Bellevue, Washington. Currently over 200 employees across several countries. Serving the United States, Canada, and India. Gold Partner with Microsoft.)(https://nealanalytics.com/)
• Novantas, Inc. – An international banking analytics and advisory services firm with locations in New York, Chicago, Toronto and others. A FinTech 100 firm [87]; [88]
• OANDA – Key player in the retail FOREX. Analysts are frequently quoted in top-tier news sources. Cited/sourced on wiki regularly. Conspicuous by their absence since AFD of an apparently promotional article in 2016. These are just a few examples in the last day, from the first couple pages of this 82,000-hit Google search of news sources:

1. "Gold gains on rate-cut bets; platinum hits over 3-week high". CNBC. 2019-10-23. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
2. "Oil surges 2.7% on surprise US inventory decline". CNBC. 2019-10-23. Retrieved 2023-07-03.; WaPo 2019-10-23;
3. "Bitcoin plunges to five-month low vs dollar after Zuckerberg testimony". Reuters. 2019-10-23. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
4. DeCambre, Mark; Wiltermuth, Joy. "Stock market ends lower as new social-media bill and Brexit weigh". MarketWatch. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
5. "CEO Takabatake leaves Oanda Asia-Pacific". FX Markets. 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2023-07-03.

• Ox Bonding – national leader in credit and bonding services. The Contractor Credit Program (CCP) provides A.M. Best A− rated Bid, Payment and Performance bonds to contractors as well as working capital advances, payroll processing and other services designed to support their client’s needs. In addition to the CCP program, they offer traditional commercial surety bonds to the millions of American business that are required to post a bond under the terms of their licenses [89][90]^{[dead link]}[91]^{[dead link]}; [92]
• Panic of 1855 – discussed in History of Wells Fargo, subsection title improperly pointing to Panic of 1857. [93][94], et al.
• Paytron – an Australian financial software company that specializes in payments online. Offering a global payments platform that simplifies the way businesses and accountants can manage their transactions from start to end. The Saas tool simplifies accounts payables, international transfers, payroll payments and approval workflows. Paytron currently integrates with additional accounting, financial and payroll software companies including Xero and KeyPay while MYOB Advanced and Netsuite are coming soon. Paytron was co-founded in Sydney Australia by Francois Henrion and Jaco Veldsman. [95];[96];[97];[98];

1. "The FinTech Report Podcast: Episode 24: Interview with Jaco Veldsman, Paytron - Australian FinTech". 2022-07-26. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
2. Henrion, Jaco Veldsman & Francois (2022-07-01). "8 things the founders of fintech Paytron learnt in the 12 months since their Seed round". Startup Daily. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
3. Woffenden, Claire (2022-06-27). "Podcast: Reshaping The Payments Market With New Tech And New Business Models". The Fintech Times. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
4. "Six lessons on how to start a startup – Project Alfred". www.projectalfred.com.au. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
5. Palmer-Derrien, Stephanie (2021-06-04). "The startup funding round: NFTs in your cereal box, $1.5 million for high-tech ticketing, and an SME banking solution". SmartCompany. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
6. Cousins, Dexter (2022-06-17). "114: Paytron, Jaco Veldsman". Tier One People. Retrieved 2023-12-21.

• Portfolio Management Software – Details and comparison of software used to manage investment portfolios
• Primary capital certificate – some sort of security, possibly primarily Norwegian, which is traded on the London Stock Exchange.
• Principal investment
• QT Mutual Bank – A mutual bank in Queensland, Australia, soon to be merged with Royal Automobile Club of Queensland; [99]
• RCN Capital – Nationwide private, direct lender based out of Connecticut:

1. "RCN Capital & Direct Financing For your Real Estate Investments". rcncapital.com. Retrieved 2023-12-21.
2. "BofI Federal Bank Provides $25MM Revolver to RCN Capital - News | ABL Advisor". www.abladvisor.com. Retrieved 2023-07-03.

• Regulation H – Membership of State Banking Institutions in the Federal Reserve System, Defines the requirements for membership of state-chartered banks in the Federal Reserve System; sets limitations on certain investments and requirements for certain types of loans; describes rules pertaining to securities-related activities; establishes the minimum ratios of capital to assets that banks must maintain and procedures for prompt corrective action when banks are not adequately capitalized; prescribes real estate lending and appraisal standards; sets out requirements concerning bank security procedures, suspicious-activity reports, and compliance with the Bank Secrecy Act; and establishes rules governing banks' ownership or control of financial subsidiaries;

1. "Regulation H: Membership of State Banking Institutions in the Federal Reserve System". Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Retrieved 2023-12-21.

• Republic (Investment Platform) – Republic is a financial technology firm headquartered in New York City focused on expanding access to the private markets. Republic operates several distinct business lines including a retail investment platform, a private capital division, and a blockchain advisory practice. Republic was founded by Kendrick Nguyen in 2016 as a spinout of AngelList, an angel investing website. [100][101] [102] [103] History: Republic was founded in 2016 after the passing of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission enacted Title III of the JOBS Act, which allowed non-accredited investors to participate in funding rounds for startups. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act. After spinning out of AngelList in 2016, Republic opened up investing in startups to retail investors with minimums of $20-$50.

1. "Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act Overview". Investopedia. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
2. Rossow, Andrew. "AngelList Crypto Spin-Off, Republic, Aims To Lead With SEC Compliance". Forbes. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
3. In April 2020, Republic acquired Fig, a crowdfunding platform for games, to add video game investing to their platform.[104] Crowdfunding [105] In June 2020, Republic acquired Compound, a real estate investment platform, to add real estate investing to its platform. [106] In November 2020, Republic acquired NextSeed, a local business debt-financing platform, to add main street investing to their platform. On March 15th, 2021, Gumroad, a startup helping creators sell their work, took advantage of a regulation passed on that same day that allowed companies to raise up to $5M from crowdfunding. Gumroad became the first company in history to raise the $5M and sold out within 12 hours of launching. Gumroad [107]
4. "Republic acquires NextSeed - 2020-11-16 - Crunchbase Acquisition Profile". Crunchbase. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
5. Konrad, Alex. "Inside Gumroad's Historic Crowdfunding — And Sahil Lavingia's Plans To Turn Customers Into Investors". Forbes. Retrieved 2023-12-21.
6. Mascarenhas, Natasha (2021-03-15). "Gumroad wants to make equity crowdfunding mainstream". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2023-12-21., [108] On March 17th, 2021, Republic announced their $36M Series A funding round led by Galaxy Interactive, a division of Mike Novogratz's Galaxy Digital with participation from Tribe Capital, Motley Fool Ventures, and Broadhaven Ventures. Michael Novogratz, The Motley Fool,
7. "Republic Completes $36M Funding Round; Teases Token Sale Platform". www.coindesk.com. 2021-03-17. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
8. "Republic Announces $36M Series A to Democratize Access to Investing for Everyone". www.businesswire.com. 2021-03-17. Retrieved 2023-07-03. On October 13th 2021, Republic launched a $60M Crypto Seed Fund."Republic Launches $60M Crypto Seed Fund". www.coindesk.com. 2021-10-13. Retrieved 2023-07-03. On October 19th, 2021, Republic announced a $150M Series B round led by Valor Equity Partners with new backers like Pillar VC, Brevan Howard, GoldenTree, and Atreides. Brevan Howard,:
9. Loizos, Connie (2021-10-19). "Republic may build a secondary exchange for digital securities, fueled by $150 million in new funding". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
10. "Republic Closes $150M Series B Funding Round". Yahoo Finance. 2021-10-19. Retrieved 2023-07-03., Chingari (app)
11. "Chingari's crypto token raises $40 million within 24 hours of its live sale". The Economic Times. 2021-11-06. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 2023-07-03. In November 2021, Republic helped Chingari, India’s short-form video app, launch the GARI token and raised $40M within 24 hours of the live sale. On December 1, 2021, Republic announced its plan to acquire UK equity crowdfunding business Seedrs in a $100 million deal to expand into Europe:
12. Seedrs
13. Butcher, Mike (2021-12-01). "Republic acquires the UK's Seedrs in $100M deal to push into Europe". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2023-07-03.

• Rice Finance Company – stock market investment company
• Rodrigo Patto de Sá Motta: pt:Rodrigo Patto Sá Motta Scholar of economy of Military dictatorship in Brazil in 1964

S–Z

• scrap rate = (?) scrapping rate (of capital)
• Stock market crash 2021 - ongoing
• Swap Mis-selling – anyone want to write an article on what the UK experienced?
• Tassa di Circolazione – An Italian equivalent to the British tax disc that vehicle owners used to have to display until somewhere around the 1980s.
• Target Redemption Notes – Composition (underlying options) that make up such structures
• Time averages – ? moving averages ? (example 60-day moving average) used in technical analysis of stocks
• WIIFM Principle – [109]
• Yieldbroker Pty Ltd – Subsidiary of the Australian Stock Exchange.
• ThinkMarkets – ThinkMarkets is a Financial Conduct Authority and Australian Securities and Investments Commission regulated online broker for Forex, Shares, Indices, Precious metals, Commodities and Cryptocurrencies trading, providing leading technology to traders around the world [110][111][112][113]

1. "ThinkMarkets extends £1 million insurance to elective professional traders". LeapRate. 2018-07-10. Retrieved 2023-07-03..

• White Rabbit Money A gold backed local complementary currency that circulates in Central Illinois.[114]