William of St-Thierry was a theologian and mystic, and abbot of the monastery of Saint-Thierry.

Biography

He was born at Liège (in present Belgium) of a noble family between 1075 and 1080 and died at Signy in 1148. William probably studied at the cathedral school in Reims (though some have argued at Laon) prior to his profession as a Benedictine monk, together with his brother Simon, at the monastery of St. Nicaise, also in Reims, sometime after 1111. From here both eventually became abbots of other Benedictine abbeys: Simon of St. Nicolas-aux-Bois, in the Diocese of Laon, and William at St. Thierry on a hill overlooking Reims in 1119.[1]

In 1118 William met St. Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux, a Cistercian monastery, where they formed a close, intimate friendship that lasted for life. His greatest desire was to move to Clairvaux and profess as a Cistercian, but his friend Bernard disapproved of the plan and imposed on him the responsibility of remaining in charge of the abbey at St. Thierry as a Benedictine.[1] Their friendship, however, grew stronger while Bernard lay in the infirmary of Clairvaux convalescing after an illness in 1125.

After having assisted in 1132 at the first General Chapter of the Benedictines held at Soissons, where many Cistercian reforms were adopted by the Benedictines (in part through the influence of William), William, on account of long infirmities while all the more attracted to a life of contemplation, resigned his abbacy in 1135 and entered the newly established Cistercian abbey at Signy, also in the diocese of Reims. He did not venture to retire to Clairvaux lest his friend Bernard would refuse to accept his abdication. Here, amid almost constant suffering, he divided his free time between prayer, study, and writing. According to a contemporary, his death occurred in 1148 about the time of the council held at Reims under Pope Eugenius. The necrology of Signy dates it 8 September, a few years prior to his good friend Bernard's death in 1153.[1]

Writings

William alerted others to the potential errors of Peter Abelard and urged St. Bernard to act against him. As a result, Abelard was condemned by the Council of Sens in 1140 or 1141. William wrote against what he saw as errors in the writings of William of Conches concerning trinitarian theology and also against Rupert of Deutz on sacramental theology.

Besides his letters to St. Bernard and others, William wrote several works, some of which he himself enumerates, though somewhat incorrectly. In total, there exist eighteen works by William, all written between c1121 and 1148, in the traditional monastic literature of the day and written in Latin.


In chronological order, these include:

Three of William's writings were widely read in the later Middle Ages. However, they were frequently attributed to Bernard of Clairvaux - a sign of their quality and also another reason for their continued popularity.[13] Only in the early twentieth century did interest in William as a distinct writer begin to develop again.

William drew upon the existing and traditional monastic and theological authors of his day and significant authors of previous centuries, but not in a slavish way; rather he is creative and independent in his thought and exposition. His own commentaries show his remarkable insight while they also incorporate traditional authors such as Augustine of Hippo and Origen of Alexandria. Perhaps his most influential works are those dealing with the spiritual life of the contemplative monk. From his Contemplating God to his Golden Epistle, one can see a progressive evolution of William's thought and a maturing of William's spiritual insight and experience, while also noticing an improved, more polished writing style and organization. Some scholars also argue that although William drew on texts and authors in the past, his creativity and usage of spiritual terminology was also influential on many other authors from the 12th century onward.

The Latin texts of most of William's writings are contained in J.-P. Migne's Patrologia Cursus Completus Series Latina (Patrologia Latina) volume 180, with other works also in volumes 184 and 185. The bulk of William’s writings are available in English translation from Cistercian Publications [1] located in Kalamazoo along with the Institute for Cistercian Studies at Western Michigan University.

Further reading

References

  1. ^ a b c Dégert, Antoine. "William of St-Thierry." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 6 Jun. 2013
  2. ^ PL 184:365-80. A critical edition is Jacque Hourlier, Guillaume de Saint-Thierry: La contemplation de Dieu. L'Oraison de Dom Guillaume, (Sources Chretiennes 61). English translation is William of St Thierry, On contemplating God; Prayer; Meditations, translated by Sister Penelope, Cistercian Fathers Series no. 3, (Shannon: Irish University Press, 1971)
  3. ^ PL 184:379-408. The English translation is William of St Thierry, The nature and dignity of love, translated by Thomas X Davis, edited with an introduction by David N Bell, Cistercian Fathers Series no. 30, (Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 1981)
  4. ^ PL 180:341-366
  5. ^ PL 184:407-435. English translation is William of St Thierry, A Brief Commentary on the Song of Songs, trans Denys Turner, in Denys Turner, Eros and Allegory: Medieval Exegesis of the Song of Songs, (Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 1995), 275-290.
  6. ^ PL 180:205-248. English translation is William of St Thierry, On contemplating God; Prayer; Meditations, translated by Sister Penelope, Cistercian Fathers Series no. 3, (Shannon: Irish University Press, 1971)
  7. ^ PL 180:547-694. The critical edition in Latin is P Verdeyen, ed, Expositio super Epistolam ad Romanos CCCM 86, (Turnhout: Brepols, 1999). English translation is William of St Thierry, Exposition on the Epistle to the Romans, translated by John Baptist Hasbrouck, edited with an introduction by John D Anderson, Cistercian Fathers Series no. 27, (Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 1980).
  8. ^ PL 180:695-726. English translation is: William of St Thierry, De natura corporis et animae, in B McGinn, ed, Three treatises on man: a Cistercian anthropology, Cistercian Fathers Series no. 24, (Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 1977).
  9. ^ A critical edition is J-M Déchanet, Exposé sur le Cantique des Cantiques, (Sources Chretiennes 82). Also in PL 180: 475-546. English translation is William of St Thierry, Exposition on the Song of Songs, translated by Mother Columba Hart, edited with an introduction by JM Déchanet, Cistercian Fathers Series no. 6, (Shannon: Irish University Press, 1969).
  10. ^ A critical edition is J-M Déchanet, Le miroir de la foi, (Sources Chretiennes 301). Also in PL 180:365-387. English translation is William of St Thierry, The Mirror of Faith, translated by Thomas X Davis, with an introduction by E. Rozanne Elder, Cistercian Fathers Series no. 15, (Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 1979).
  11. ^ M-M Davy, Guillaume de Saint-Thierry: Deuz traités sur la foi, (Paris: Vrin, 1959). Also in PL 180:397-440. English translation is William of St Thierry, The enigma of faith, translated, with an introduction and notes, by John D Anderson, Cistercian Fathers Series no. 9, (Washington: Cistercian Publications, 1974).
  12. ^ Critical edition by J-M Déchanet, Guillaume de Saint-Thierry. Lettre aux Frèrer du Mont-Dieu (Lettre d'or), Sources chretiennes 301, (1975). Also in PL 184:307-354. An older English translation is The golden epistle of Abbot William of St. Thierry to the Carthusians of Mont Dieu, now first translated into English by Walter Shewring and edited by Dom Justin McCann, (London: Sheed and Ward, 1930) [reprinted in 1980, with an introduction by Justin McCann, (London: Sheed and Ward, 1980)]. A more modern translation is printed in William of St Thierry, The golden epistle: a letter (of William of St. Thierry) to the brethren at Mont Dieu, translated by T Berkeley, edited with an introduction by JM Déchanet, Cistercian Fathers Series no. 12, (Kalamazoo, MI, 1976)
  13. ^ These three works were the Epistola ad fratres de Monte Dei, sometimes called the Epistola aurea, the De natura et dignitate amoris, sometimes called the Liber beati Bernardi de amore, and the De contemplando Dei.

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