1173 Anchises

Shape model of Anchises from its lightcurve
Discovery[1]
Discovered by	K. Reinmuth
Discovery site	Heidelberg Obs.
Discovery date	17 October 1930
Designations
MPC designation	(1173) Anchises
Pronunciation	/æŋˈkaɪsiːz/[2]
Named after	Anchises (Greek mythology)[3]
Alternative designations	1930 UB
Minor planet category	Jupiter trojan[1][4][5] Trojan[6][7] · background[7]
Adjectives	Anchisian
Orbital characteristics[4]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	87.60 yr (31,997 d)
Aphelion	6.0232 AU
Perihelion	4.5678 AU
Semi-major axis	5.2955 AU
Eccentricity	0.1374
Orbital period (sidereal)	12.19 yr (4,451 d)
Mean anomaly	184.44°
Mean motion	0° 4m 51.24s / day
Inclination	6.9202°
Longitude of ascending node	283.91°
Argument of perihelion	40.496°
Jupiter MOID	0.4727 AU
TJupiter	2.9670
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	170 km × 121 km × 121 km[8]
Mean diameter	99.55±0.85 km[9] 120.49±2.91 km[10] 126.27±10.7 km[11] 136±18 km[8]
Synodic rotation period	11.595±0.002 h[12][a] 11.596±0.005 h[13][b] 11.60 h[14]
Geometric albedo	0.0308±0.006[11] 0.035±0.002[10] 0.050±0.009[9]
Spectral type	P (Tholen)[4][5][15] D (Barucci)[15] U–B = 0.266±080[4] B–V = 0.770±0.050[16] V–R = 0.450±0.030[16] V–I = 0.950±0.026[5]
Absolute magnitude (H)	8.89[4][5][9][10][11] 9.14±0.31[17] 9.35[14]

1173 Anchises /æŋˈkaɪsiːz/ is an unusually elongated Jupiter Trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 124 kilometers (77 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 17 October 1930, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany, and was the 9th such body to be discovered.^[1][8]: 2 The primitive P-type asteroid belongs to the largest Jupiter trojans, has an unusually smooth surface texture, the lowest spectral slope of all members of the Trojan camp, and a rotation period of 11.6 hours.^[5] It was named after Anchises from Greek mythology.^[3]

Orbit and classification

Anchises is a primitive Jovian asteroid orbiting in the trailing Trojan camp at Jupiter's L₅ Lagrangian point, 60° behind its orbit in a 1:1 resonance (see Trojans in astronomy). It is also a non-family asteroid of the Jovian background population.^[7][15]

It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.6–6.0 AU once every 12 years and 2 months (4,451 days; semi-major axis of 5.3 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic.^[4] Up to the year 2200, its closest approach to any major planet will be on 3 February 2120, when it will still be 2.669 AU (399,300,000 km; 248,100,000 mi) from Jupiter.^[18] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg with its official discovery observation in October 1930.^[1]

Naming

This minor planet was named after Anchises from Greek mythology. He is the father of the Trojan hero Aeneas after whom 1172 Äneas was named. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 109).^[3]

Physical characteristics

In the Tholen classification, Anchises is a primitive P-type asteroid, a common spectral type among the Jupiter trojans.^[4][5] It has the lowest spectral slope (i.e. flattest spectral response curve, thus most neutral color) among all members of the Trojan camp.^[19] In the Barucci taxonomy, it has been characterized as a carbonaceous C-type asteroid (C0).^[15]

Rotation period

In Summer 1986, the first photometric observations of Anchises were taken with the 0.9-meter telescope at the Cerro Tololo Observatory in Chile. Lightcurve analysis gave a well defined rotation period of 11.60 hours with a notably wide brightness variation of 0.57 magnitude (U=3).^[14]

Between January 2016, and December 2017, three more rotational lightcurves were obtained by American photometrist Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies in California. They gave a concurring period of 11.595,^[a] 11.596^[b] and 11.599 hours^[c] with an amplitude between 0.34 and 0.73 magnitude (U=3/3-/3?).^[12][13] A high brightness amplitude is indicative for a non-spherical, elongated shape (see below).

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, and astronomers revisiting the data from these three space-based telescopes, Anchises measures between 99.55 and 136 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0308 and 0.050.^{[8][9][10][11]} The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is an albedo of 0.0308 and a diameter of 126.27 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 8.89.^[5]

This makes it the 7th largest Jupiter trojan only according to IRAS (126 km), and would be at least 6th should the size indeed prove to be 136 km or more, while it is much smaller and a few places further down the list according to the NEOWISE survey catalog (<100 km). One of the reasons for the large discrepancies in diameter estimates is possibly related to the results being derived from single-epoch observations of the asteroid, which is known for its large brightness variations (see above).^[8]

Shape and surface

In 2012, an international collaboration revisited the WISE, IRAS and Akari observational data. As already suggested by the body's high brightness amplitude, the astronomers found that Anchises is significantly elongated, with best-fit dimensions of 170 km × 121 km × 121 km, which corresponds to a mean diameter of 136+18
−11 kilometers.^[8] Due to a small phase coefficient and a lack of any noticeable opposition effect, astronomers at Cerro Tololo concluded that this Jupiter trojan asteroid possesses an unusually smooth surface texture – far less rough than the great majority of asteroids.^[14] In case the surface of Anchises consist of bare rock, with high thermal inertia, the body's true diameter could be significantly greater than the estimated 136 kilometers, the study concludes.^[8]