140 West 57th Street
Map
General information
TypeCommercial
Address140 West 57th Street
Town or cityManhattan, New York
CountryUnited States
Coordinates40°45′53″N 73°58′44″W / 40.76477°N 73.97895°W / 40.76477; -73.97895
Groundbreaking1907
Opened1909
OwnerThe Feil Organization
Height
Architectural150 ft (46 m)
Technical details
Floor count15
Design and construction
Architect(s)Pollard and Steinam
Developer136 West 57th Street Corporation
Main contractorWilliam J. Taylor Co-Operative
DesignatedOctober 19, 1999
Reference no.2043

140 West 57th Street, also known as The Beaufort, is an office building on 57th Street between Sixth Avenue and Seventh Avenue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. It was built from 1907 to 1909 and designed by Pollard and Steinam, who also simultaneously designed the neighboring, nearly identical building at 130 West 57th Street. The buildings are among several in Manhattan that were built in the early 20th century as both studio and residences for artists.

140 West 57th Street is fifteen stories tall, with fourteen stories facing 57th Street, as well as a penthouse. The lowest two stories of the primary facade along 57th Street are clad in limestone, while the upper stories are clad in brick. The facade contains both broad and narrow bays with metal-framed studio windows, some of which are double-height. Along 57th Street, there are cornices above the second story. There were double-height studios on the 57th Street side and smaller residences at the back of the building.

140 West 57th Street was developed upon land owned by artist Robert Vonnoh. Although marketed as artists' studios, 140 West 57th Street was also home to lawyers, stock brokers, teachers, and other professionals. The building was converted into a rental-apartment structure in 1944, and was subsequently converted into an office building during the late 20th century. 140 West 57th Street was designated a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1999.

Site

140 West 57th Street is on the southern side of 57th Street between Sixth Avenue and Seventh Avenue, two blocks south of Central Park in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City.[1] According to the New York City Department of City Planning, the lot measures 80 feet (24 m) wide along 57th Street and is 100 feet (30 m) deep.[2] The building abuts Metropolitan Tower to the west and 130 West 57th Street to the east. Other nearby buildings include the Russian Tea Room, Carnegie Hall Tower, and Carnegie Hall to the west; the Louis H. Chalif Normal School of Dancing and One57 to the northwest; the Nippon Club Tower and Calvary Baptist Church to the north; 111 West 57th Street to the northeast; the Parker New York hotel to the east; and CitySpire, New York City Center, and 125 West 55th Street to the south.[1][3]

130 and 140 West 57th Street are part of an artistic hub that developed around the two blocks of West 57th Street from Sixth Avenue west to Broadway during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, following the opening of the nearby Carnegie Hall in 1891.[4][5][6] Several buildings in the area were constructed as residences for artists and musicians, such as 130 and 140 West 57th Street, the Rodin Studios, and the Osborne, as well as the demolished Sherwood Studios and Rembrandt. In addition, the area contained the headquarters of organizations such as the American Fine Arts Society, the Lotos Club, and the American Society of Civil Engineers.[7] The sites occupied by 130 and 140 West 57th Street were historically occupied by brownstone townhouses in the late 19th century.[8]

Architecture

140 West 57th Street was designed by Pollard and Steinam,[3][4][9] who also designed the neighboring studios at 130 West 57th Street.[3][10] Both structures were constructed simultaneously and were designed nearly identically as studio apartments for artists.[3][4] 140 West 57th Street is 150 feet (46 m) tall;[9] the front portion along 57th Street contains 14 stories while the rear portion contains 12 stories.[11] The building has also historically been known as The Beaufort.[9] It is one of a few remaining artists' studio buildings in New York City with distinct living and working spaces for artists.[12]

Facade

Base of 140 West 57th Street

The main facade overlooking 57th Street consists of five vertical bays, which contain metal windows and are separated by brick piers. The westernmost, center, and easternmost bays are wider, and alternate with two narrower bays. The rear facade is made of brick.[13]

The base is composed of the first and second stories. At the base, the central bay contains a slightly projecting entrance pavilion clad with rusticated and vermiculated limestone blocks. Within this entrance pavilion is an arch with voussoirs flanking a volute above the top of the arch, and a double door flanked by a pair of flat pilasters. The remainder of the base contains storefronts or store entrances on the first story. The second story contains multi-section rectangular windows in the wide bays and pairs of sash windows in the narrow bays. Atop the second story is a projecting terracotta cornice, which contains a frieze with alternating circles and triglyphs, as well as a pattern of mutules alternating with rosettes or lozenges on the underside of the cornice.[13]

Close up of facade, showing the western three bays

The twelve upper stories are similar in design to each other and contain several types of windows.[14] The windows in the outermost wide bays, and on the third through tenth stories of the center bay, project slightly from the facade and contain trapezoidal frames. The outermost bays contain double-height windows.[14] These double-height windows were designed to maximize sun exposure.[9] The windows in the narrow bays, and in the eleventh through fourteenth stories of the center bay, do not project. In all bays, there are geometric white-painted spandrels between the windows on each story, and the windows have white mullions.[14] The original design contained a metal cornice above the fourteenth story, matching that of 130 West 57th Street, but the cornice was removed sometime in the 20th century.[13]

Interior

The building was designed with 36 studios.[15] Its location on the south side of 57th Street, a major road that was wider than parallel streets, ensured that the interiors would be brightly lit by sunlight from the north, for the benefit of the artists working there.[9][15] The interiors contained double-height studios, characterized by House Beautiful magazine as "a splendid backdrop for tapestry or painting".[4] The double-height studios were behind the wide bays facing 57th Street, and each contained a living room, kitchen, four bedrooms, and servants' rooms. Behind the narrow bays were studio rooms, some of which could be used as separate apartments. There were smaller apartments in the rear, which contained two bedrooms and a kitchenette. The building had separate elevators for passengers and freight, as well as resident amenities such as a vacuum cleaning facility, a laundry room, a mail chute, dumbwaiters, and telephone service in each residence.[16]

140 West 57th Street was altered in 1998 and reclassified as a mid-rise office building with commercial units. According to the Department of City Planning, the building has a gross floor area of 90,000 square feet (8,400 m2) and has a single unit.[2] Renovation plans released in 2020 indicate that the building is to be converted into commercial units, with two per floor.[17]

History

Cooperative apartment housing in New York City became popular in the late 19th century because of overcrowded housing conditions in the city's dense urban areas.[18][19] When 140 West 57th Street was constructed, there were some co-ops in the city that catered specifically to artists, including the Bryant Park Studios and the Carnegie Studios, but these were almost always fully occupied and did not provide adequate space for artists to both live and work. The 67th Street Studios, constructed between 1901 and 1903 at 23–29 West 67th Street near Central Park, were the first artists' cooperatives in the city that were also specifically designed to provide duplex working and living areas for artists. The success of the 67th Street Studios prompted the development of other artists' studios in that area.[15]

Artists' studios

130 West 57th Street (left) and 140 West 57th Street (right), with the Metropolitan Tower visible at far right

Robert Vonnoh, an artist residing in one of the 67th Street Studios,[15] bought four brownstone townhouses at 134–142 West 57th Street in mid-1907.[20][21] Ownership of the brownstones was transferred to the 136 West 57th Street Corporation that August.[21][22] The corporation was operated by president Walter G. Merritt and secretary Payson McL. Merrill.[15] Pollard and Steinam were hired to design a $500,000 apartment house at the site, with seven double-height stories in the front and twelve single-height stories in the rear.[23] The architects had also been hired for the nearly identical, adjacent development at 130 West 57th Street, developed by the same individuals.[24] Building permits for 140 West 57th Street were filed with the New York City Department of Buildings in December 1907.[15][25] The construction contract was awarded to William J. Taylor,[25] and funded with a $475,000 loan from the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company.[26] The building was completed in January 1909.[15]

Although marketed as artists' studios, 140 West 57th Street was also home to lawyers, stock brokers, teachers, and other professionals.[13] The tenants included opera singer Beniamino Gigli,[27] as well as sculptor and forger Ernest Durig.[28] The building originally had an entrance staircase, but it was removed in 1922 as part of a project to widen West 57th Street. Sometime during the 20th century, the original cornice was removed and the ground story storefronts were installed.[13]

Later use

The building was converted to a rental apartment in 1944.[13] The Dry Dock Savings Institution sold the building to an investment syndicate for $335,000 cash in January 1945.[29][30] The building was resold to the Parkbridge Corporation in late April 1945, and resold again within one week. At the time, 140 West 57th Street had 68 residential units and two stores.[31]

When Macklowe Properties bought 140 West 57th Street in 1981, the building still contained residential units.[17] Harry Macklowe, the head of Macklowe Properties, transferred some of the air rights above 140 West 57th Street to the adjacent plot to the west in 1984. This enabled the Metropolitan Tower, which was being built on that plot, to be erected at a greater height than would be normally allowed under zoning codes. Macklowe also planned to reface 140 West 57th Street with a glass facade,[32] but he decided against doing so.[33] Planet Hollywood opened a location at the building's base in 1991,[34] and the Motown Cafe and Planet Hollywood's Merch Shop occupied the storefronts at 130 and 140 West 57th Street.[4] Macklowe wished to convert the building to office space, and between 1995 and 1998, bought out the last residents.[35] The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) designated 130 West 57th Street as an official city landmark on October 19, 1999.[11]

The Planet Hollywood at the building's base had closed by late 2000, when the restaurant moved to Times Square.[36] During the early 21st century, office tenants included a consultant group, a violin reseller, a triathlon athletes' specialty company, and a jewelry showroom.[37] By 2008, Macklowe was in debt and placed 140 West 57th Street for sale;[38] The Feil Organization purchased 140 West 57th Street the next year for $59 million. In 2015, Feil hired Goldstein Hill & West to conduct a study on the feasibility of converting the building back to residential use, and the architects found that the building could be expanded by about 11,000 square feet (1,000 m2).[39] Feil stopped renewing leases for 140 West 57th Street's office plans in early 2016,[40][41] and Goldstein Hill & West filed plans that November to convert the building to 34 residential condominiums.[42][43] After Feil found that the air-rights transfer in 1984 prevented the expansion of the building, the company sued Goldstein Hill & West.[44][45] MdeAs Architects submitted revised plans to the LPC in July 2020, which entailed modifying the facade, reinstalling the cornice, expanding the 13th story at the rear, and converting the interior to a commercial structure.[17]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b "NYCityMap". NYC.gov. New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications. Archived from the original on February 19, 2021. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "140 West 57 Street, 10019". New York City Department of City Planning. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 305. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
  4. ^ a b c d e Gray, Christopher (May 9, 1999). "Streetscapes /57th Street Between Avenue of the Americas and Seventh Avenue; High and Low Notes of a Block With a Musical Bent". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  5. ^ "Steinway Hall" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 13, 2001. pp. 6–7. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  6. ^ Federal Writers' Project (1939). New York City Guide. New York: Random House. p. 232. ISBN 978-1-60354-055-1. (Reprinted by Scholarly Press, 1976; often referred to as WPA Guide to New York City.)
  7. ^ "Society House of the American Society of Civil Engineers" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. December 16, 2008. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 23, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  8. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1999, p. 2.
  9. ^ a b c d e "140 West 57th Street Studio Building". Emporis. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  10. ^ "130 West 57th Street Studio Building". Emporis. Archived from the original on September 25, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  11. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1999, p. 1.
  12. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1999, p. 8.
  13. ^ a b c d e f Landmarks Preservation Commission 1999, p. 5.
  14. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1999, p. 6.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g Landmarks Preservation Commission 1999, p. 4.
  16. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1999, pp. 4–5.
  17. ^ a b c "MdeAs Architects Proposes Renovations to Landmarked Office Building at 140 West 57th Street in Midtown". New York YIMBY. July 11, 2020. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  18. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1999, p. 3.
  19. ^ Benson, Allan L. (July 25, 1909). "The Spread of the "Own-your-own-apartment" Idea; Twenty Years Ago New York Saw Its First "Canned Residences" and to-day the Demand for These Homes Has Given Rise to the Building of "Co-operative Apartment Houses"". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  20. ^ "Private Sales Market". The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. Vol. 79, no. 2045. May 25, 1907. p. 1023. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020 – via columbia.edu.
  21. ^ a b "The Building Department; List of Plans Filed for New Structures in Manhattan and Bronx". The New York Times. August 3, 1907. p. 12. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 96768936. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020 – via ProQuest.
  22. ^ "Conveyances". The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. Vol. 79, no. 2049. June 22, 1907. p. 1214. Archived from the original on August 22, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2020 – via columbia.edu.
  23. ^ "Pollard & Steinam Plan Another $500,000 Apartment House". The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. Vol. 80, no. 2063. September 28, 1907. p. 476. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020 – via columbia.edu.
  24. ^ "Latest Improvement for West 57th Street". The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. Vol. 80, no. 2054. July 27, 1907. p. 133. Archived from the original on August 22, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2020 – via columbia.edu.
  25. ^ a b "Projected Buildings". The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. Vol. 81, no. 2077. January 4, 1908. pp. 45, 48. Archived from the original on August 22, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2020 – via columbia.edu.
  26. ^ "The Week". The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. Vol. 81, no. 2092. April 18, 1908. p. 717. Archived from the original on August 22, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2020 – via columbia.edu.
  27. ^ "Gigli in Seclusion; No Light on Threat". The New York Times. February 25, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 22, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  28. ^ "Studio Apartment Leased by Sculptor; Ernest Durig Gets Duplex Suite in 140 West 57th Street". The New York Times. February 23, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  29. ^ "Syndicates Active in Midtown Area; Groups Buy Tall Apartment in 57th Street and Hotel in Forty-sixth Street". The New York Times. January 1, 1945. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 22, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  30. ^ "Syndicate Buys Studio Building In West 57th St: Dry Dock Bank Is Seller of 14-Story Structure: Lipman Buys Apartments". New York Herald Tribune. January 1, 1945. p. 22. ProQuest 1269821486. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved November 18, 2020 – via ProQuest.
  31. ^ "New Operator Resells Building on 57th Street". The New York Times. May 2, 1945. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 22, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  32. ^ Goldberger, Paul (January 27, 1985). "Architecture View; the Tower Blight Has Struck West 57th Street". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  33. ^ Goldberger, Paul (October 21, 1990). "Architecture View; Skyscrapers Battle It Out Near Carnegie Hall". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  34. ^ "Concierges: Baedekers In the Flesh; How to Get in Touch With the Highly Recommended". The New York Times. September 6, 1991. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  35. ^ McDowell, Edwin (February 23, 2000). "Commercial Real Estate; Office Space Defined by Architecture". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 22, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  36. ^ "All-Star Cafe Fading in Manhattan". AP NEWS. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  37. ^ "140 West 57th Street - TRD Research". The Real Deal. March 13, 2019. Archived from the original on August 22, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  38. ^ Forsyth, Jennifer S. (February 8, 2008). "Macklowe, Lenders Seek a Deal". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on August 22, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  39. ^ Bockmann, Rich (May 8, 2018). "Feil looks to sell Billionaires' Row building". The Real Deal New York. Archived from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  40. ^ Bockmann, Rich (September 27, 2016). "Feil planning condo conversion for Billionaires' Row office building: report". The Real Deal New York. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  41. ^ Cuozzo, Steve (September 27, 2016). "Landmark in limbo on Billionaires' Row". New York Post. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  42. ^ "Even more luxury condos are coming to Billionaires' Row". 6sqft. September 27, 2016. Archived from the original on August 22, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  43. ^ "Landmarked Office Building at 140 West 57th Street Set to Expand and Become Apartments". New York YIMBY. November 7, 2016. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  44. ^ Bockmann, Rich (April 30, 2018). "Feil Org. sues architect over bungled Billionaires' Row conversion". The Real Deal New York. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  45. ^ Boniello, Kathianne (April 29, 2018). "Architect's bad condo conversion plans cost me $12M: suit". New York Post. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.

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