Decade of the Gregorian calendar
From top left, clockwise: Englishmen and sailor James Cook concludes his inaugural and embarks on his second voyage, leaving a trail of significant milestones along its way such as the discovery of New Caledonia , Australia , Tahiti , the Antarctic Circle , and becoming the first humans to witness Antarctic waters as pictured; The United States Declaration of Independence was unanimously signed and adopted by the Second Continental Congress , announcing the colonies' intention to separate from Great Britain ; Company rule in India establishes governance over India for the first time at Calcutta , giving way for British colonialism over the Indian subcontinent , and eventually Western imperialism in Asia ; Nitrogen gas was isolated from air by Scottish scientist Daniel Rutherford ; Amazing Grace was sung for the first time as a hymn in Buckinghamshire , England at 1773; Chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele made several breakthroughs in chemistry by discovering five chemical elements, namely oxygen (1771), barium (1772), chlorine (1774), manganese (1774), and molybdenum (1778); The Boston Tea Party protest precipitates anti-British sentiment in the Thirteen Colonies , and subsequently the American Revolutionary War ; A Russo-Turkish War lead to now-Russia 's first occupation of Crimea ; initiating Russia's influence over Crimea that has since persisted today. The 1770s (pronounced "seventeen-seventies") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1770, and ended on December 31, 1779. A period full of discoveries, breakthroughs happened in all walks of life, as what emerged at this period brought life to most innovations we know today.
From nations such as the United States , birthed through hardships such as the American Revolutionary War and altercations akin to the Boston Tea Party , spheres of influence such as the Russian Empire 's sphere from its victorious Crimean claims at the Russo-Turkish War , the Industrial Revolution , and populism , their influence remains omnipresent to this day.
New lands south of the Equator were discovered and settled by Europeans like James Cook , expanding the horizons of a New World to new reaches such as Australia and French Polynesia . Deepened philosophical studies led to the publication of works such as Adam Smith 's "The Wealth of Nations neoliberal world order . Studies on chemistry and politics deepen to forge the Age of Reason for centuries to come.
Events
1770
January– March
January 1 – The foundation of Fort George, Bombay is laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the former Dongri Fort .February 1 – Thomas Jefferson 's home at Shadwell, Virginia is destroyed by fire, along with most of his books.[1] February 14 – Scottish explorer James Bruce arrives at Gondar , capital of Abyssinia (now Ethiopia ) and is received by the Emperor Tekle Haymanot II and Ras Mikael Sehul .[2] February 22 – Christopher Seider , an 11-year-old boy in Boston in the British Province of Massachusetts Bay , is shot and killed by a colonial official, Ebenezer Richardson. The funeral sets off anti-British protests that lead to the massacre days later.[3] March 5 – Boston Massacre : Eleven American men are shot (five fatally) by British troops, in an event that helps start the American Revolutionary War five years later.March 21 – King Prithvi Narayan Shah shifts to the newly constructed Basantapur Palace in the capital Kathmandu as the first King of Unified Kingdom of NepalMarch 26 – First voyage of James Cook : English explorer Captain James Cook and his crew aboard HMS Endeavour complete the circumnavigation of New Zealand .
April–June
April 12 – The Townshend Acts are repealed by Britain's Parliament by the efforts of Prime Minister Frederick North , with the exception of the increased duties on imported tea. The American colonists, in turn, stop their embargo on British imports.[4] April 18 (April 19 by Cook's log)[5] James Cook and his crew become the first recorded Europeans to encounter the eastern coastline of the Australian continent. Land is sighted at Point Hicks , and named after Lieutenant Hicks who first observes landform at 6am.April 20 – Battle of Aspindza : Georgian king Erekle II defeats the Ottoman forces, despite being abandoned by an ally, Russian General Totleben .April 29 – First voyage of James Cook : Captain Cook drops anchor on HMS Endeavour in a wide bay, about 16 km (10 mi) south of the present city of Sydney , Australia. Because the young botanist on board the ship, Joseph Banks , discovers 30,000 specimens of plant life in the area, 1,600 of them unknown to European science, Cook names the place Botany Bay on May 7 .May 7 – Fourteen-year-old Marie Antoinette arrives at the French court.May 16 – Marie Antoinette marries Louis-Auguste (who later becomes King Louis XVI of France ).May 20 – A stampede, at a celebration of the newly wedded Marie Antoinette and Louis-Auguste in Paris, kills more than a hundred people.[6] June 3 –
June 9 – Falklands Crisis (1770) : Some 1,600 Spanish marines, sent by the Spanish governor of Buenos Aires in five frigates, seize Port Egmont in the Falkland Islands . The small British force present promptly surrenders.[7] June 11 – First voyage of James Cook : HMS Endeavour grounds on the Great Barrier Reef .
July– September
July 1 – Lexell's Comet (D/1770 L1) passes the Earth at a distance of 2,184,129 kilometres (1,357,155 mi), the closest approach by a comet in recorded history.[8] July 5 – Battle of Chesma and Battle of Larga : The Russian Empire defeats the Ottoman Empire in both battles. When the news of the defeat reaches the Ottoman city of Smyrna (July 8 ), the crowd attacks the Greek community of the city (perceived as favourable to the Russian cause) and kills an estimated 200 Greeks and three Western Europeans (although some reports estimate the number of victims at 3,000 or even 5,000 including "3 or 4 thousands who die due to the fright").[9] [10] August 1 (July 21 O.S. ) – Russo-Turkish War (1768–74) – Battle of Kagul : Russian commander Pyotr Rumyantsev routs 150,000 Turks.August 22 (August 23 by Cook's log) – First voyage of James Cook : Captain Cook determines that New Holland (Australia) is not contiguous with New Guinea , and claims the whole of its eastern coast for Great Britain, later naming it all New South Wales .c. September – Johann Gottfried Herder meets Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Strasbourg .
September 24 – In Hillsborough, North Carolina , the Regulator Movement riots against local authorities.[11]
October–December
Date unknown
1771
January– March
January 5 – The Great Kalmyk (Torghut ) Migration is led by Ubashi Khan , from the east bank of the Lower Volga River back to the homeland of Dzungaria , at this time under Qing Dynasty rule.January 9 – Emperor Go-Momozono accedes to the throne of Japan , following his aunt's abdication.February 12 – Upon the death of Adolf Frederick , he is succeeded as King of Sweden by his son Gustav III . At the time, however, Gustav is unaware of this, since he is abroad in Paris. The news of his father's death reaches him about a month later.March – War of the Regulation : North Carolina Governor William Tryon raises a militia, to put down the long-running uprising of backcountry militias against North Carolina's colonial government.March 12 – The North Carolina General Assembly establishes Wake County (named for Margaret Wake , the wife of North Carolina Royal Governor William Tryon ) from portions of Cumberland , Johnston and Orange counties. Bloomsbury (later known as Wake Courthouse) is made the informal county seat.March 15 – The Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers first meets in London, the world's oldest engineering society.[16] [17]
April–June
April 4 – The first quarantines are started in Moscow and Saint Petersburg to fight the bubonic plague epidemic . Over the next 12 months, more than 52,000 people die from the plague in Moscow alone.[18] May – Three battles of Sarbakusa : An alliance of three of the most powerful aristocrats of Ethiopia (Goshu of Amhara, Wand Bewossen , and Fasil of Damot) defeats Ras Mikael Sehul and Emperor Tekle Haymanot II , taking control of Ethiopia.May 11 – War of the Regulation: North Carolina Governor William Tryon marches his military out of Hillsborough , to come to the aid of General Hugh Waddell's beleaguered forces. Tryon's army stops at Alamance Creek, 5 miles (8.0 km) away from the Regulator army.May 16 – War of the Regulation – Battle of Alamance : Regulators reject an appeal by Governor Tryon to peacefully disperse. Governor Tryon's forces crush the rebellion, causing many Regulators to move to frontier areas outside of North Carolina.May 23 – Battle of Lanckorona : A force of 4,000 Russians under Alexander Suvorov defeat a Polish formation of 1,300 men.June 11 — The Society of Gentlemen Supporters of the Bill of Rights meets in the London Tavern and changes its platform to a comprehensive program for British parliamentary reform in advance of the next election.[19]
July–September
July 12 – The first voyage of James Cook around the world ends as HMS Endeavour returns to England after almost three years.July 13 – Russo-Turkish War (1768–74) : Russian forces occupy the Crimea ,[20] July 17 – Bloody Falls massacre : Chipewyan chief Matonabbee , traveling as the guide to Samuel Hearne on his Arctic overland journey, massacres a group of unsuspecting Inuit .August 8 – The first recorded town cricket match is played, at Horsham , England.[21] September 8 – In California , Fathers Pedro Cambon and Angel Somera found Mission Vieja , later called, Mission San Gabriel Arcángel , in what is now San Gabriel, California .September 15 –17 – The Moscow plague riot results from an outbreak of bubonic plague , which kills 57,000.
October–December
October 9 – The Dutch merchant ship Vrouw Maria October 17 – The opera Ascanio in Alba Wolfgang Mozart , age 15, premieres in Milan .November 3 – Siamese conquest of Ha Tien ends the Siamese civil war of 1767-71 .November 16 – During the night the River Tyne , England, floods, destroying many bridges and killing several people; the replacement main bridge at Newcastle upon Tyne will not be completed until 1781 .December 3 – The cause of action in Sommersett's Case , which eventually leads to the end of slavery in Great Britain, begins when escaped slave James Somerset is found imprisoned on the ship Ann and Mary .[22] December 31 – Men, women and children of the Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes begin a 23-day encampment at Mobile , part of the British colony of West Florida , at the invitation of British Southern Indian superintendent John Stuart, as their leaders negotiate a treaty.[23]
Date unknown
The territory of Baden-Baden is inherited by Charles Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach , reunifying the territories of Baden .
The trade monopoly with Iceland is transferred to the Danish crown.
The North Carolina General Assembly passes an act establishing the town of Martinsborough , named for Royal Governor Josiah Martin , on the land of Richard Evans, which will serve as the seat of Pitt County .
Construction of the Putuo Zongcheng Temple complex in Chengde , China is completed during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor .
Limoges porcelain manufacture is established in France.Slovene literature : István Küzmics , the Hungarian Slovene writer and evangelical pastor, publishes (in Halle ) the Nouvi Zákon New Testament into the Prekmurje Slovene language, with discrete South Slavic artwork.
1772
January–March
April–June
April 8 – Massachusetts legislator Samuel Adams persuades his colleagues to approve his plan for creating a Committee of Correspondence to begin a dialogue with the other American colonies concerning mutual problems with England.[28] [29] April 13 – Warren Hastings begins his service for the British East India Company as Governor of Bengal , arriving at the company's headquarters at Fort William , outside of Calcutta , and including what are now parts of northeast India and Bangladesh .[30] May 8 – The Watauga Association Compact is signed in what is now East Tennessee by a group of white settlers led by William Bean, creating the first non-colonial government body in British North America.[31] June 9 – Gaspee AffairNavigation Acts , American patriots , led by Abraham Whipple , attack and burn the British customs schooner HMS Gaspee off of Rhode Island .June 10 – The crisis of 1772 is triggered when, following the flight of their partner Alexander Fordyce to France, the London banking house of Neal, James, Fordyce and Down (which has been speculating in East India Company stock) suspends payment. The resultant panic causes other banks to fail, extends to Scotland, Amsterdam and the Thirteen Colonies and threatens the East India Company with bankruptcy .June 22 – Somersett's Case : Lord Mansfield , the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales , delivers the decision that leads to the end of slavery in England.[32] June 23 –28 – Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) : First of two Russian occupations of Beirut , following a naval bombardment which began on June 18.[33]
July–September
October–December
Date unknown
1773
January–March
January 1 – The hymn that becomes known as Amazing Grace John Newton in the town of Olney, Buckinghamshire , England.January 12 – The first museum in the American colonies is established in Charleston, South Carolina ; in 1915, it is formally incorporated as the Charleston Museum .[41] January 17 – Second voyage of James Cook : Captain Cook in HMS Resolution (1771) becomes the first European explorer to cross the Antarctic Circle .[42] January 18 – The first opera performance in the Swedish language , Thetis and Phelée , performed by Carl Stenborg and Elisabeth Olin in Bollhuset in Stockholm , Sweden , marks the establishment of the Royal Swedish Opera .February 8 – The Grand Council of Poland meets in Warsaw, summoned by a circular letter from King Stanisław August Poniatowski to respond to the Kingdom's threatened partition between three foreign powers.[43] February 27 – The construction of Christ Church (Alexandria, Virginia) , known for being the house of worship for George Washington and the visiting site for subsequent U.S. presidents, is completed.[41] March 9 –19 – Second voyage of James Cook : Tobias Furneaux in HMS Adventure (1771) explores the coast of Van Diemen's Land .[44] March 15 – The popular (and enduring) comedy She Stoops to Conquer Oliver Goldsmith , is performed for the first time, premiering at London's Covent Garden Theatre .[45]
April–June
July–September
October–December
October 10
October 12 – America's first insane asylum opens for Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds in Williamsburg, Virginia .October 13 – French astronomer Charles Messier discovers the Whirlpool Galaxy interacting , grand design spiral galaxy located at a distance of approximately 31 million light-years , in the constellation Canes Venatici October 14 – The Komisja Edukacji Narodowej (Polish for Commission for the Education of the People ), formed in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , is considered to be the world's first ministry of education.November 10 – Four ships – the Dartmouth , the Eleanor , the Beaver and the William – depart Britain for America, carrying the first Indian tea to be subject to the newly enacted taxes. The William is lost in a storm; the Dartmouth is the first ship to reach Boston , docking on November 28 .[49] December 16 – Boston Tea Party : A group of American colonists , dressed as Mohawk Indians, steal aboard ships of the East India Company and dump their cargo of tea into Boston Harbor , in protest against British tax policies.[46]
Date unknown
Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) : Russian forces fail to take Silistria .Emelian Pugachev starts Pugachev's Rebellion in Russia , attacking and occupying Samara .John Harrison wins the Longitude prize , for his invention of the marine chronometer .[50] Hilaire Rouelle discovers urea .Istanbul Technical University is established (under the name of Royal School of Naval Engineering ) as the world's first comprehensive institution of higher learning dedicated to engineering education.Marsala wine first shipped to England.[51] In China , written work begins on the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries Yongle Encyclopedia of the 15th Century). Upon completion in 1782 , the books are bound in 36,381 volumes (册) with more than 79,000 chapters (卷), comprising about 2.3 million pages, and approximately 800 million Chinese characters .
Scottish judge James Burnett, Lord Monboddo , begins publication of Of the Origin and Progress of Language , a contribution to evolutionary ideas of the Enlightenment .Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock publishes the last five cantos of his epic poem Der Messias in Hamburg .
1774
Chesma Column in Tsarskoe Selo , commemorating the end of the Russo-Turkish War.
January–March
January 21 – Mustafa III , Sultan of the Ottoman Empire , dies and is succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid I .[52] January 27
February 3 – The Privy Council of Great Britain , as advisors to King George III, votes for the King's abolition of free land grants of North American lands. Henceforward, land is to be sold at auction to the highest bidder.[54] February 6 – The Parlement of Paris votes a sentence of civil degradation, depriving Pierre Beaumarchais of all rights and duties of citizenship.[55] February 7 – The volunteer fire company of Trenton, New Jersey , predecessor to the paid Trenton Fire Department created in 1892, is founded. In 1905, at 131 years, it claims to be the oldest continuously serving department in the U.S.[56] February 24 – The Province of Massachusetts Bay House of Representatives votes, 92 to 8, to impeach Superior Court Chief Justice Peter Oliver , but Provincial Governor Thomas Hutchinson refuses to allow the trial to proceed.[57] March 10 – The Boston Journal makes the first reference to the "Stars and Stripes " flag to symbolize the American colonies, reporting that "The American ensign now sparkles a door which shall shortly flame from the skies."[58] March 31 – Intolerable Acts : The British Parliament passes the Boston Port Act , closing the port of Boston, Massachusetts, as punishment for the Boston Tea Party .[58]
April–June
April 17 – The first avowedly Unitarian congregation, Essex Street Chapel, is founded in London by Theophilus Lindsey .April 19 – The premiere of Iphigénie en Aulide Christoph Willibald Gluck sparks a huge controversy, almost a war, such as has not been seen in Paris since the Querelle des Bouffons .May 10 – Louis XVI becomes King of France, following the death of his grandfather, Louis XV .[59] May 17 – The colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations issues the first call for an "Intercolonial Congress" that eventually is set up as the Continental Congress .[58] May 19 – Shakers Ann Lee and eight followers sail from Liverpool, England for colonial America .June 2 – Intolerable Acts : A new Quartering Act , requiring American colonists to provide better housing for British soldiers upon demand, is passed.[58] June 16 –17 – English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) Palmerston Island in the South Pacific Ocean.June 20 (June 9 O.S. ) – Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) : Battle of Kozludzha – The Imperial Russian Army , led by Alexander Suvorov , routs numerically superior Ottoman Empire forces.June 22 – The Parliament of Great Britain passes the Quebec Act , setting out rules of governance for the colony of Quebec in British North America, enlarging its territory as far south as Ohio[58]
July–September
July 21 – Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca with Russian victory, ending six years of war . The treaty gives Russia the right to intervene in Ottoman politics, to protect its Christian subjects.August 1 – The element oxygen is discovered for the third time (the second quantitatively, following the somewhat earlier work of Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1771–72) by Joseph Priestley , who publishes the fact in 1775 , and so names the element (and usually gets all the credit, because his work was published first).August 6 – Ann Lee and the Shakers arrive in America and settle in New York.[58] September 1 – Powder Alarm : Thomas Gage , royal governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay , orders British soldiers to remove gunpowder from a magazine , causing Patriots to prepare for war.September 4 – English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) the island of New Caledonia in Melanesia .September 5 – The First Continental Congress assembles in Philadelphia .[58] September 15 – Yemelyan Pugachev , leader of Pugachev's Rebellion against Russia by the Yaik Cossacks , is betrayed by his own men after returning to Yaitsk (now Oral, Kazakhstan ).[60] September 21 – George Mason and George Washington found the Fairfax County Militia Association, a military unit independent of British control.September 29 – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 's semi-autobiographical epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther Die Leiden des jungen Werthers ) (written January–March) is published anonymously in Leipzig, Germany; it is influential in the Sturm und Drang Romanticism .
October–December
October 10
October 14 – The Continental Congress in America adopts the Declaration of Rights and Resolves , with 10 principles.[58] October 20 – The First Continental Congress passed the Continental Association , a colony-wide boycotting of British goods. Theater performances in the American colonies were also halted on the Congresses recommendation that the member colonies "discountenance and discourage all horse racing and all kinds of gaming, cock fighting, exhibitions of shows, plays, and other expensive diversions and entertainments."[58] October 21 – The word Liberty is first displayed on a flag raised by colonists in Taunton, Massachusetts , in defiance of British rule in Colonial America .October 25 – The Edenton Tea Party takes place in North Carolina , marking the first major gathering of women in support of the American cause.October 26 – The first Continental Congress adjourns in Philadelphia .November 4 – The Maryland Jockey Club follows a recommendation of the Continental Congress and cancels its race schedule. The decision sets a precedent for other jockey clubs in the colonies, and no major races are held until the end of the American Revolution.[61] November 10 – 1774 British general election : Voting for the House of Commons concludes in Great Britain, and Lord North retains the office of Prime Minister as his Tory coalition wins 343 of the 558 seats. Henry Seymour Conway 's Whig Party wins the other 215 seats.November 15 – The government of the Republic of Venice allows adventurer and ladies' man Giacomo Casanova to return home after a 17-year absence.[62] November 20 – Daniel Boone retires from the Virginia colonial militia in order to devote his full time to establishing a settlement in Kentucky .[63] November 25 – Salawat Yulayev , the leader of the Bashkirs rebellion against the Russian government, is captured, bringing an end to the insurrection.[64] November 26 – English chemist Joseph Priestley becomes the first person to discover and identify sulfur dioxide .[65] November 27 – Spanish Navy Captain Domingo de Bonechea arrives at Tahiti in the ship Aguila and tries unsuccessfully to claim it for Spain and to convert the Tahitians to the Roman Catholic faith.[66] November 30
Parliament adjourns in Great Britain, but declines to authorize any action against the rebellious American colonies, despite an address the day before by King George III and Prime Minister North .[67]
Thomas Paine , a native of England, arrives in America at the age 37 and soon becomes an influential advocate for the colonies' independence.[68] December 1 – A boycott called by the Continental Congress goes into effect, as participating merchants and supporters cease the importation or consumption of products from Great Britain, Ireland or the British West Indies.[69] December 6 – Archduchess Maria Theresa , the ruler of Austria, Hungary and Croatia, signs the General School Ordinance providing for education for both males and females and setting compulsory education for children aged six through 12.[70] December 9 – The two month long Siege of Melilla begins as armies led by the Sultan of Morocco, Mohammed ben Abdallah , attack the North African Spanish colony of Melilla (which remains a part of Spain into the 21st century).[71] December 23 – King Louis XVI of France issues a declaration that, for the first time, protects "the free commerce of meat during Lent " to support the needs of "the poor whose infirmity requires them to eat meat."[72]
Date unknown
1775
Summary
The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement on April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere 's ride. The Second Continental Congress took various steps toward organizing an American government, appointing George Washington commander-in-chief (June 14), Benjamin Franklin postmaster general (July 26) and creating a Continental Navy (October 13) and a Marine force (November 10) as landing troops for it, but as yet the 13 colonies have not declared independence, and both the British (June 12) and American (July 15) governments make laws. On July 6, Congress issues the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms and on August 23, King George III of Great Britain declares the American colonies in rebellion, announcing it to Parliament on November 10. On June 17, two months into the colonial siege of Boston , at the Battle of Bunker Hill , just north of Boston, British forces are victorious, but only after suffering severe casualties and after Colonial forces run out of ammunition, Fort Ticonderoga is taken by American forces in New York Colony's northern frontier, and American forces unsuccessfully invade Canada , with an attack on Montreal defeated by British forces on November 13 and an attack on Quebec repulsed December 31.
Human knowledge and mastery over nature advanced when James Watt built a successful prototype of a steam engine, and a scientific expedition continued as Captain James Cook claims the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands in the south Atlantic Ocean for Britain. Nature's power over humanity is dramatically demonstrated when the Independence Hurricane (August 29 – September 13) devastates the east coast of North America , killing 4,173, and when, on the western side of the North American continent, Tseax Cone erupts in the future British Columbia , as well as when a smallpox epidemic begins in New England. Smallpox vaccine was then developed by Edward Jenner . There is no cure for smallpox.
January–June
January – The Habsburg monarchy forces the Ottoman Empire to cede Bukovina to its rule.
January 5 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart finishes a Sonata for Keyboard in C.January 14 - Siamese conquest of Chiang Mai and the Lan Na Kingdom .January 17 – Second voyage of James Cook : Captain James Cook takes possession of South Georgia for the Kingdom of Great Britain .February 9 – American Revolution : The Parliament of Great Britain declares the Province of Massachusetts Bay to be in rebellion.February 15 – Pope Pius VI succeeds Pope Clement XIV as the 250th pope .February 26 – The British East India Company factory on Balambangan Island is destroyed by Moro pirates .[73] March 6 – Raghunathrao , Peshwa of the Maratha Empire in India, signs the Treaty of Surat with the British Governor-General Warren Hastings in Bombay ceding the territories of Salsette and Bassein to the British East India Company along with part of the revenues from Surat and Bharuch districts in return for military assistance. This leads to the First Anglo-Maratha War fought between the British and the Marathas, ending with the Treaty of Salbai in 1782 .March 17 – Catherine the Great of Russia issues a manifesto prohibiting freed serfs from being returned to serfdom .[74] March 23 – American Revolution: Patrick Henry , a delegate to the Second Virginia Convention after the Virginia House of Burgesses was disbanded by the Royal Governor , delivers his "Give me Liberty, or give me Death! " speech at St. John's Church in Richmond, Virginia .April 18 – American Revolution: Paul Revere and William Dawes , instructed by Dr. Joseph Warren , ride from Boston to Lexington to warn John Hancock and Sam Adams that British forces are coming to take them prisoner and to seize colonial weapons and ammunition in Concord.April 19 – American Revolution – Battles of Lexington and Concord :[75] American Revolutionary War .May 10
May 17 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress bans trade with Canada .June 11 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Machias : In the first naval engagement of the American Revolution, Patriot forces capture the schooner HMS Margaretta .June 12 – American Revolution:
June 14 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress names George Washington as commander of the Continental Army .June 16 – The post of Chief Engineer of the Continental Army is created.June 17 – American Revolution: Two months into the colonial siege of Boston , British open fire on Breed's Hill on Charles Town Peninsula. After 3 charges, the British take the hill in the misnamed Battle of Bunker Hill .June 19 – The post of Commanding General is created by the Continental Congress .
July–December
August 18 : Tucson is founded.July 3 – American Revolution: George Washington takes command of the 17,000-man Continental Army at Cambridge.July 5 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress sends the Olive Branch Petition , hoping for a reconciliation.July 6 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress issues Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms , which contains the words: "Our cause is just. Our union is perfect... being with one mind resolved to die freemen rather than to live slaves...".July 26 – The Second Continental Congress appoints Benjamin Franklin to be the first Postmaster General of what later becomes the United States Post Office Department .July 30 – Second voyage of James Cook : HMS Resolution (1771) anchors off the south coast of England, Captain Cook having completed the first eastbound global circumnavigation .August 18 – Tucson is founded.August 21 – American Revolution – Siege of Fort St. Jean : American rebels launch an invasion of Canada .August 23 – American Revolution: Refusing to even look at the Olive Branch Petition, King George issues a Proclamation of Rebellion against the American colonies.August 29 – September 12 – The Independence Hurricane from South Carolina to Nova Scotia kills 4,170, mostly fishermen and sailors.September 25 – American Revolution: Siege of Fort St. Jean – Battle of Longue-Pointe : Thirteen Colonies revolutionary forces under Maj. Ethan Allen attack Montreal in Quebec, commanded by British General Guy Carleton . Allen's forces are defeated, and Allen himself is captured and held on British ships until he is released.October – The Sayre Plotters attempt to kidnap George III of the United Kingdom .
October 13 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later the United States Navy ).October 26 – American Revolution: George III announces to Parliament that the American colonies are in an uprising and must be dealt with accordingly.November – American Revolution: Colonel Richard Richardson 's South Carolina revolutionaries march through Ninety-Six District in what becomes known as the Snow Campaign , effectively ending all major support for the Loyalist cause in the backcountry of South Carolina.
November 7 – American Revolution: John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore , British royal governor of the Colony of Virginia , signs Dunmore's Proclamation , declaring martial law and offering freedom to slaves of Patriots who run away from their owners and join the Loyalist forces (formal proclamation November 15) thus losing the support of planters who see slaves as their vital livelihood.November 10 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress passes a resolution creating the Continental Marines to serve as landing troops for the recently created Continental Navy (the Marines are disbanded at end of the war in April 1783 but reformed on July 11 , 1798 as the United States Marine Corps ).November 13 – American Revolution: Battle of Montreal – American forces under Brigadier General Richard Montgomery capture Montreal . British General Guy Carleton escapes to Quebec .November 17 – The city of Kuopio , Finland (belonging to Sweden at this time) is founded by King Gustav III of Sweden .
December 5 – American Revolution: Henry Knox begins his journey to Cambridge, Massachusetts with the artillery that has been captured from Fort Ticonderoga .December 31 – American Revolution: Battle of Quebec – British forces repulse an attack by Continental Army generals Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold at Quebec ; Montgomery is killed.
Date unknown
1776
January–February
March–April
May–June
May 1 – Adam Weishaupt founds the Illuminati Ingolstadt , Bavaria .May 4 – Rhode Island becomes the first American colony to renounce allegiance to King George III of Great Britain .May 15 –26 – American Revolution – Battle of the Cedars : British forces skirmish with the American Continental Army around Les Cèdres, Quebec .June 6 – A fire destroys major parts of the town of Askersund , Sweden .[80] June 7 – American Revolution – Richard Henry Lee of Virginia proposes to the Second Continental Congress (meeting in Philadelphia) that "these united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states." June 8 – American Revolution – Battle of Trois-Rivières : The invading American Continental Army is driven back at Trois-Rivières, Quebec .June 10 – Death of King Hsinbyushin of the Konbaung dynasty .June 11 – American Revolution – The Continental Congress appoints a Committee of Five to draft a Declaration of Independence .June 12 – American Revolution – The Virginia Declaration of Rights George Mason ) is adopted by the Virginia Convention of Delegates.June 15 – American Revolution – Delaware Separation Day: The Delaware General Assembly votes to suspend government under the British Crown.June 17 – Lt. José Joaquín Moraga leads a band of colonists from Monterey Presidio, landing on June 29 and, with Father Francisco Palóu , constructing the Mission San Francisco de Asís ("Mission Dolores") of the new Presidio of San Francisco , the oldest surviving building in the modern-day city.June 28 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Sullivan's Island : South Carolina militia repel a British attack on Charleston .June 29 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet : The American Continental Navy successfully challenges the British Royal Navy blockade off New Jersey .
July–August
July 2 – American Revolution – The final U.S. Declaration of Independence (with minor revisions) is written. The Continental Congress passes the Lee Resolution .July 4 – American Revolution – United States Declaration of Independence : The Continental Congress ratifies the declaration by the United States of its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain .[81] July 8 – American Revolution – The Liberty Bell rings in Philadelphia, for the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence.July 9 – American Revolution – An angry mob in New York City topples the equestrian statue of George III of Great Britain in Bowling Green .July 12 – Captain James Cook sets off from Plymouth , England, in HMS Resolution on his third voyage , to the Pacific Ocean and Arctic , which will be fatal.July 21 – Mozart 's Serenade No. 7 Salzburg , Austria.July 29 – Francisco Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, Francisco Atanasio Domínguez, and eight other Spaniards set out from Santa Fe, on an eighteen-hundred mile trek through the American Southwest. They are the first Europeans to explore the vast region between the Rockies and the Sierras.[82] August 1 – The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata is established in southern South America.August 2 – Most of the American colonies ratify the Declaration of Independence .August 15 – American Revolution – The first Hessian troops land on Staten Island , to join British forces.August 27 – American Revolution – Battle of Long Island : Washington 's troops are defeated in Brooklyn by the British, under William Howe .August – The guild organisation Marchandes de modes
September–October
September 22 : British hang spy Nathan Hale in New York City.
November–December
November 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Fort Washington : Hessian forces under Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen capture Fort Washington (Manhattan) from the American Continental Army . The captain of the American navy ship Andrew Doria Fort Oranje , and Johannes de Graaff answers with 11 gun shots.[89] November 20 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Fort Lee : The invasion of New Jersey , by British and Hessian forces, leads to the subsequent general retreat of the American Continental Army.December 5 – The Phi Beta Kappa Society is founded at the College of William & Mary in Virginia .December 6 – The General Assembly of Virginia votes to create Kentucky County as the portion of the colony's Fincastle County that is located west of the Cumberland Mountains .[90] Commonwealth of Kentucky . The rest of Fincastle County, between the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Appalachians is divided into the first county to be named after George Washington (Washington County, Virginia ) in the south along the border with the North Carolina colony, and Montgomery County in the north. The divisions take effect on December 31.[91] December 7 – American Revolutionary War – The Marquis de Lafayette attempts to enter the American military as a major general.December 12 – The second Continental Congress ends after a session that began on May 10, 1775, and continued for 582 days.[92] December 19 – American Revolution – Thomas Paine , living with Washington's troops, publishes the first in the series of pamphlets on The American Crisis The Pennsylvania Journal December 21 – American Revolution – The Royal Colony of North Carolina reorganizes into the State of North Carolina after adopting its own constitution. Richard Caswell becomes the first governor of the newly formed state.December 26 : Capture of the Hessians at Trenton
Date unknown
1777
January–March
January 2 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of the Assunpink Creek : American general George Washington 's army repulses a British attack by Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis , in a second battle at Trenton, New Jersey .January 3 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Princeton : American general George Washington's army defeats British troops.January 13 – Mission Santa Clara de Asís is founded in what becomes Santa Clara, California .January 15 – Vermont declares its independence from New York, becoming the Vermont Republic , an independent country, a status it retains until it joins the United States as the 14th state in 1791 .January 21 – The Continental Congress approves a resolution "that an unauthentic copy, with names of the signers of the Declaration of independence , be sent to each of the United States.[95] February 5 – Under the 1st Constitution of Georgia , 8 counties are chartered: Burke , Camden , Chatham , Effingham , Glynn , Liberty , Richmond , and Wilkes . This dissolves the existing parishes of St. George, St. Mary's, St. Thomas, St. Phillip, Christ Church, St. David, St. Matthews, St. Andrew, St. James, St. Johns, and St. Paul.[96] February 24 – King Joseph I of Portugal dies, and is succeeded by his daughter Maria I of Portugal , and his brother and son-in-law Peter III of Portugal .March 4 – The Fourth Continental Congress, with John Hancock as president, begins a 199 day session in Philadelphia , lasting until September 18.[95] March 29 –30 – Third voyage of James Cook : English explorer Captain Cook discovers Mangaia and Atiu in the Cook Islands .[97]
April–June
April 1 – Friedrich Maximilian Klinger 's play Sturm und Drang Seyler Theatre Company in Leipzig , giving its name to the whole Sturm und Drang German literature .April 13 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Bound Brook : A British and Hessian force led by Charles Cornwallis surprises a Continental Army outpost in New Jersey , commanded by Major General Benjamin Lincoln .April 27 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Ridgefield : The British Army defeats Patriot militias, galvanizing resistance in the Connecticut Colony .May 8 – Richard Brinsley Sheridan 's comedy of manners , The School for Scandal Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London.[98] May 16 – Lachlan McIntosh and Button Gwinnett shoot each other during a duel near Savannah, Georgia . Gwinnett, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence , dies three days later.June 13 – American Revolution : The Marquis de Lafayette lands near Georgetown, South Carolina , to help the Continental Congress train its army.June 14 : US Flag (had various star patterns)
July–December
July 6 – American Revolutionary War – Siege of Fort Ticonderoga : After a bombardment by British artillery under General John Burgoyne , American forces retreat from Fort Ticonderoga , New York .July 7 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Hubbardton : British forces capture over 200 of the American rearguard, from Fort Ticonderoga.July 8 – The 1777 Constitution of Vermont is signed, officially abolishing slavery.August 6 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Oriskany : Loyalists gain a tactical victory over Patriots ; Iroquois fight on both sides.August 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Bennington : British and Brunswicker forces are decisively defeated by American troops at Walloomsac, New York .August 22 – American Revolutionary War – The Siege of Fort Stanwix is ended by withdrawal of British forces, following a ruse by Benedict Arnold to persuade them that a much larger force is arriving.September 3 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Cooch's Bridge : British and Hessian forces defeat an American militia in a minor skirmish in New Castle County, Delaware .September 11 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Brandywine : The British gain a major victory in Chester County , Pennsylvania .[99] September 19 – American Revolutionary War – First Battle of Saratoga (Battle of Freeman's Farm ): Patriot forces withstand a British attack at Saratoga, New York.[100] September 26 – American Revolutionary War – British troops occupy Philadelphia ; members of the Continental Congress flee to Lancaster, Pennsylvania , where they meet and hold a one day session as the Fifth Congress before fleeing again.[95] September 30 – American Revolutionary War – The Sixth Continental Congress opens its session at York, Pennsylvania , and continues for 272 days until June 27, 1778.[95] October 4 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Germantown : Troops under George Washington are repelled by British troops under Sir William Howe .October 6 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery : British troops capture Fort Clinton and Fort Montgomery (Hudson River) , and are able to dismantle the Hudson River Chain .October 7 – American Revolutionary War – Second Battle of Saratoga (Battle of Bemis Heights ): British General John Burgoyne is defeated by American troops.October 17 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Saratoga : British General John Burgoyne surrenders to the American troops.November 15 – American Revolution : After 16 months of debate, the Continental Congress approves the Articles of Confederation , in the temporary American capital at York, Pennsylvania .November 17 – American Revolution : The Articles of Confederation are submitted to the states for ratification.November 29 – San Jose, California , is founded. It is the first pueblo Alta California .December 18 – The United States celebrates its first Thanksgiving , marking October's victory by the American rebels over British General John Burgoyne at Saratoga.December 19 – American Revolutionary War – George Washington 's Continental Army goes into winter quarters at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania .December 20 – Morocco recognizes the United States as an sovereign state.December 24 – Third voyage of James Cook : English explorer Captain Cook locates Kiritimati (Christmas Island).December 30 – Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria dies and is succeeded by his distant cousin Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria .
Date unknown
1778
January–March
April–June
April 7 – Former British Prime Minister William Pitt delivers his last speech to Parliament, and speaks to the House of Lords "passionately but incoherently against the granting of independence" to the American colonies, but collapses during the debate, and dies five weeks later.[102] April 12 – King George III appoints the five-member Carlisle Peace Commission to present peace terms to negotiate an end to the rebellion of Britain's 13 American colonies.[103] April 30 – The 1,800 feet (550 m) long Hudson River Chain , designed to prevent British ships from moving up the river toward West Point, New York is stretched across the river and anchored by an engineering team under the direction of Captain Thomas Machin.[104] May 12 – Heinrich XI, Prince Reuss of Greiz is elevated to Prince of the Principality of Reuss-Greiz by Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor . This year sees the first appearance of the modern-day national colors of Germany on a flag that closely resembles the modern flag of Germany , to occur anywhere within modern-day Germany.May 30 – Benedict Arnold signs the U.S. Oath of Allegiance at Valley Forge .[105] June 24 – A total solar eclipse takes place across parts of North America, from Texas to Virginia .June 28 – American Revolutionary War : Battle of Monmouth – George Washington 's Continental Army battles British general Sir Henry Clinton 's army to a draw, near Monmouth County, New Jersey .June – The Anglo-French War (1778–83) begins.
July–September
July 3 – American Revolutionary War : The Battle of Wyoming takes place near Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania , ending in a terrible defeat for the local colonists.[106] July 4 – American Revolutionary War : George Rogers Clark takes Kaskaskia .July 10 – Louis XVI of France declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain .July 26 – In the Russian Empire, the forced emigration of Christians from the Crimea to Pryazovia begins.[107] July 27 – American Revolutionary War : First Battle of Ushant – British and French fleets fight to a standoff.August 3 – The La Scala Opera House opens in Milan , with the première of Antonio Salieri 's Europa riconosciuta August 26 – Triglav , at 2,864 metres (9,396 ft) above sea level the highest peak of Slovenia , is ascended for the first time by four men: Luka Korošec, Matevž Kos, Štefan Rožič, and Lovrenc Willomitzer, on Sigmund Zois ' initiative.August 29 – American Revolutionary War : The tactically inconclusive Battle of Rhode Island takes place, after which the Continental Army abandons its position on Aquidneck Island .September – The Massachusetts Banishment Act Loyalists , is passed.September 7 – American Revolutionary War : Invasion of Dominica – The French capture the British fort there, before the latter is aware that France has entered the war in the Franco-American alliance .September 17 – The Treaty of Fort Pitt is signed, the first formal treaty between the United States and a Native American tribe (the Lenape or Delaware).September 19 – The Continental Congress passes the first budget of the United States.
October–December
October 12 – The Continental Congress advises the 13 member states to suppress "theatrical entertainments, horse-racing, gaming, and such other diversions as are productive of idleness, dissipation, and general depravity of principles and manners."[101] November 26 : Captain Cook lands on Maui .
Undated
1779
January–March
January 11
January 22 – American Revolutionary War – Claudius Smith is hanged at Goshen , Orange County, New York for supposed acts of terrorism upon the people of the surrounding communities.January 29 – After a second petition for partition from its residents, the North Carolina General Assembly abolishes Bute County , North Carolina (established 1764 ) by dividing it and naming the northern portion Warren County (for Revolutionary War hero Joseph Warren ), the southern portion Franklin County (for Benjamin Franklin ). The General Assembly also establishes Warrenton (also named for Joseph Warren) to be the seat of Warren County, and Louisburg (named for Louis XVI of France ) to be the seat of Franklin County.February 12 – Lieutenant Colonel Francisco Bouligny arrives with Malagueño colonists at Bayou Teche , to establish the city of New Iberia, Louisiana .February 14 – Captain James Cook is killed on the Sandwich Islands , on his third voyage.March 1 – Capture and sack of Vientiane by Siamese forces.March 10 – The Treaty of Aynalıkavak is signed between Ottoman Turkey and the Russian Empire , regarding the Crimean Khanate .
April–June
July–September
July 16
July 20 – Tekle Giyorgis I begins the first of his five reigns as Emperor of Ethiopia .July 22 – Battle of Minisink : The Goshen Militia is destroyed by Joseph Brant 's forces.July 24 – American Revolutionary War – American forces, led by Commodore Dudley Saltonstall , launch the Penobscot Expedition in what is now Castine , Maine, resulting in the worst naval defeat in U.S. history (until Pearl Harbor ).July – The Great Siege of Gibraltar (fourteenth and last military siege) begins. This is an action by French and Spanish forces to wrest control of Gibraltar from the established British garrison. The garrison, led by George Augustus Eliott (later 1st Baron Heathfield of Gibraltar), survives all attacks and a blockade of supplies.September
September 14 –15 – American Revolutionary War – Little Beard's Town , a loyalist stronghold, is burnt by the Sullivan Expedition .September 23 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Flamborough Head – The American ship Bonhomme Richard John Paul Jones , engages the British ship HMS Serapis . The Bonhomme Richard sinks, but the Americans board the Serapis and other vessels, and are victorious.September 28 – Samuel Huntington is elected as the seventh President of the Continental Congress .[92]
October–December
Date unknown
Industrial Revolution in England:
A joint Spanish-Portuguese survey of the Amazon basin begins to determine the boundary between the colonial possessions in South America; it continues until 1795 .
Births
1770
February 21 – Georges Mouton , Marshal of France (d. 1838 )March 2 – Louis-Gabriel Suchet , Marshal of France (d. 1826 )March 20 – Friedrich Hölderlin , German writer (d. 1843 )April 3 – Theodoros Kolokotronis , Greek general (d. 1843 )April 7 – William Wordsworth , English poet (d. 1850 )April 8 – John Campbell , Australian public servant, politician (d. 1830 )April 11 – George Canning , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1827 )April 25 – Georg Sverdrup , Norwegian philologist (d. 1850 )April 30 – David Thompson , English-Canadian explorer (d. 1857 )May 10 – Louis-Nicolas Davout , Marshal of France (d. 1823 )May 15 – Ezekiel Hart , Canadian entrepreneur, politician (d. 1843 )May 27 – Ignaz Döllinger , German anatomist, physiologist (d. 1841 )May 29 – Charles Adams , second son of President John Adams (1735–1826) (d. 1800 )June 1 – Friedrich Laun , German author (d. 1849 )Manuel Belgrano June 3 – Manuel Belgrano , Argentine politician, general in the Independence War (d. 1820 )June 4 – Eleonora Charlotta d'Albedyhll , Swedish countess, poet and salon holder (d. 1835 )June 7 – Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1828 )June 20 – Moses Waddel , American educator/minister and bestselling author (d. 1840 )August 1 – William Clark , American explorer, Governor of Missouri Territory, and Superintendent of Indian Affairs (d. 1838 )August 3 – King Frederick William III of Prussia (d. 1840 )August 18 – Dorothea von Rodde-Schlözer , German scholar (d. 1825 )Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Ludwig van Beethoven 1771
February 14 – Hanne Tott , Danish circus artist, circus manager (d. 1826 )March 16 – Antoine-Jean Gros , French painter (d. 1835 )March 20 – Heinrich Clauren , German author (d. 1854 )March 25 – Germanos III of Old Patras , Greek Metropolitan Bishop of Patras (d. 1826 )April 3 – Hans Nielsen Hauge , Norwegian revivalist, entrepreneur (d. 1824 )April 13 – Richard Trevithick , English inventor (d. 1833 )April 18 – Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg , Austrian field marshal (d. 1820 )April 27 – Jean Rapp , French general (d. 1821 )May 1 – Cajsa Wahllund , Finnish restaurateur (d. 1843 )May 11 – Laskarina Bouboulina , Greek independence heroine (d. 1825 )Robert Owen Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover June 5 – Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover (d. 1851 )June 24 – Éleuthère Irénée du Pont , French-American chemist, industrialist (d. 1834 )August 15 – Sir Walter Scott , Scottish novelist , poet (d. 1832 )[114] September 5 – Archduke Charles of Austria , Austrian general, statesman (d. 1847 )September 11 – Mungo Park , Scottish explorer (d. 1806 )[115] September 17 – Johann August Apel , German writer, jurist (d. 1816 )September 23 – Emperor Kōkaku of Japan (d. 1840 )October 9 – Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d. 1815 )October 23 – Jean-Andoche Junot , French general (d. 1813 )November 14 – Xavier Bichat , French anatomist and pathologist (d. 1802 )December 14 – Regina von Siebold , German physician and obstetrician (d. 1849 )December 27 – William Johnson , Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1834 )Unknown – William Lloyd , Welsh Anglican priest turned schoolteacher and Methodist preacher (d. 1841 ) 1772
January 20 – Angélique Brûlon , French soldier, first female Knight of the French Legion of Honour (d. 1859 )January 30 – Godfrey Higgins , British archaeologist (d. 1833 )February 24 – William H. Crawford , American politician, judge (d. 1834 )March 10 – Friedrich von Schlegel , German poet (d. 1829 )March 15 – József Ficzkó , Burgenland Croatian writer (d. 1843 )April 4 – Nachman of Breslov , Hasidic rabbi and founder of the Breslov Hasidic movement (d. 1810 )April 5 – Domenico Puccini , Italian composer (d. 1815 )April 7 – Charles Fourier , French philosopher (d. 1837 )[116] April 18 – David Ricardo , British economist (d. 1823 )April 30 – Karl Gustav Himly , German surgeon, ophthalmologist (d. 1837 )May 2 – Novalis , German poet (d. 1801 )May 20 – William Congreve , British rocket pioneer (d. 1828 )May 22 – Ram Mohan Roy , Hindu religious and social reformer (d. 1833 )June 7 – Aurora Liljenroth , Swedish scholar (d. 1836 )July 11 – John Rodgers , American naval officer (d. 1838 )August 2 – Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien (d. 1804 )August 15 – Johann Nepomuk Mälzel , German inventor (d. 1838 )William I of the Netherlands Samuel Taylor Coleridge October 21 – Samuel Taylor Coleridge , English poet and philosopher (d. 1834 )October 25 – Géraud Duroc , French general (d. 1813 )November 5 – Pierre Roch Jurien de La Gravière , French admiral (d. 1849 )November 8 – William Wirt , 9th United States Attorney General (d. 1834 )November 18 – Louis Ferdinand of Prussia , German prince (d. 1806 )date unknown
approximate date
Charlotte Dacre , English Gothic novelist (d. 1825 )Lalon , Bengali philosopher, Baul saint, mystic, songwriter, social reformer and thinker (d. 1890 )1773
Robert Fullerton William Henry Harrison February 9 – William Henry Harrison , American military leader and ninth President of the United States (d. 1841 )March 14 – John Holmes , American politician (d. 1843 )March 16 – Juan Ramón Balcarce , Argentine military leader and politician (d. 1836 )March 26 – Nathaniel Bowditch , American mathematician (d. 1838 )April 4 – Étienne Maurice Gérard , Prime Minister and Marshal of France (d. 1852 )April 9
April 14 – Jean-Baptiste de Villèle , Prime Minister of France (d. 1854 )April 24 – Edmund Cartwright , English inventor, Fellow of the Royal Society (d. 1823 )May 2 – Henrik Steffens , Norwegian philosopher (d. 1845 )May 3 – Giuseppe Acerbi , Italian explorer (d. 1846 )Klemens von Metternich May 15 – Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich , Austrian statesman (d. 1859 )May 19 – Arthur Aikin , English chemist and mineralogist (d. 1854 )May 31 – Ludwig Tieck , German writer (d. 1853 )June 13 – Thomas Young , English scientist (d. 1829 )July 23 – Thomas Brisbane , Scottish astronomer, Governor of New South Wales (d. 1860 )August 12 – Karl Faber , German historian (d. 1853 )August 22 – Aimé Bonpland , French explorer, botanist (d. 1858 )September 17 – Jonathan Alder , American settler (d. 1849 )Louis Philippe I October 4 – Harriet Auber , English poet, hymnist (d. 1862 )October 6 – Louis Philippe I , King of the French (d. 1850 )November 6 – Henry Hunt , British politician (d. 1835 )November 24 – Shadrach Bond , American politician and the first governor of Illinois (d. 1832 )December 9 – Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt , French general, diplomat (d. 1827 )December 17 – Sylvain Charles Valée , Marshal of France (d. 1846 )December 21 – Robert Brown , Scottish botanist (d. 1858 )December 27 – Sir George Cayley , English aviation pioneer (d. 1857 )Unknown – Johann Gottfried Arnold , German cellist (d. 1806 )Unknown – Kyra Frosini , Greek heroine (d. 1800 )Unknown – Isabel Zendal , Spanish nurseUnknown – Anna Moór , Hungarian actress (d. 1841 )1774
André Marie Constant Duméril born 1 January Pietro Giordani born 1 January Anna Bunina born 7 January William Stewart born 10 January Tryphosa Jane Wallis born 11 January Marie-Thérèse Figueur born 17 January William Blake (economist) born 31 January Thomas Veazey born 31 January Edward Cross (zoo proprietor) born 3 February Valentin Stanič born 12 February Roswell Weston born 24 February William Farquhar born 26 February Magdalene of Canossa born 1 March David Semyonovich Abamelik born 10 March Johann Caspar Horner born 12 March Rose Fortune born 13 March Matthew Flinders born 16 March Claudine Thévenet born 30 March Sophie Thalbitzer born 15 April Franz Hegi born 16 April Madhavrao II born 18 April Jean-Baptiste Biot born 21 April Anna Gottlieb born 29 April Samuel Owen (engineer) born 12 May Friederike von Reden born 12 May Joseph Bouchette born 14 May Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs born 15 May Francis Beaufort born 27 May Robert Tannahill born 3 June Henry Philip Hope born 8 June Carl Haller von Hallerstein born 10 June Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov born 18 June Princess Amalie of Hesse-Homburg born 29 June Marcia Arbuthnot born 9 July Robert Jameson born 11 July Axel Otto Mörner born 11 July Charles de Graimberg born 30 July Diodata Saluzzo Roero born 31 July Robert Southey born 12 August Meriwether Lewis born 18 August Ludvig Frederik Brock born 20 August Anton Ludwig Ernst Horn born 24 August Elizabeth Ann Seton born 28 August Caspar David Friedrich born 5 September Anne Catherine Emmerich born 8 September Johnny Appleseed born 26 September Adolf Müllner born 18 October Sarah Thompson, Countess Rumford born 18 October Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg born 4 November Charles Bell born 12 November Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands born 18 November Vasile Moga born 19 November Elisabeth Canori Mora born 21 November Peter Frederik Wulff born 26 November Princess Maria Antonia of Parma born 28 November William Henry (chemist) born 12 December Eline Heger born 13 December January 1
January 2 – Thomas Lynn , British soldier (d. 1847 )January 3 – Juan Aldama , Jugador de Beisbole (d. 1811 )January 4
January 5 – George Chinnery , British artist (d. 1852 )January 6
January 7
January 8 – John Gibbons , English amateur cricketer (d. 1844 )January 10
January 11
January 12 – William Cahoon , American politician (d. 1833 )January 14 – Benjamin Aislabie , cricketer (d. 1842 )January 16 – Daniel Evans , Welsh Independent minister (d. 1835 )January 17
January 18
January 19
January 20 – Charles George Beauclerk , British Member of Parliament (d. 1845 )January 21 – William Kenrick , English lawyer and politician (d. 1829 )January 22 – Francesco Fuoco , Italian philologist, economist and Catholic priest (d. 1841 )January 23 – Richard Southgate , American politician (d. 1857 )January 24
January 25 – Jules-Paul Pasquier , French jurist (d. 1858 )January 29
January 30 – Samuel Butler , English classical scholar and schoolmaster (d. 1839 )January 31
February 1
February 2 – Susan Montagu, Duchess of Manchester , British noble (d. 1828 )February 3
February 4 – Frederick Traugott Pursh , German-American botanist (d. 1820 )February 5 – Juan Fermín de San Martín , Spanish military personnel (d. 1822 )February 6 – Henry Bates Grubb , American ironmaster and businessman (d. 1823 )February 7 – Frederik Christian Kielsen , Danish naturalist (d. 1850 )February 8
February 9
February 11
February 12 – Valentin Stanič , Austrian teacher (d. 1847 )February 13
February 15 – Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau , Dutch prince (d. 1799 )February 16
February 17
February 18 – William Clark , farmer, jurist, and politician from Dauphin, Pennsylvania (d. 1851 )February 24
February 25 – George Gore , Anglican priest in Ireland (d. 1844 )February 26
February 27 – Thomas Vasse , sea explorer (d. 1801 )February 28
March 1
March 2
March 4 – Joseph Hamilton Daveiss , American politician (d. 1811 )March 5 – Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse , Danish composer (d. 1842 )March 7 – Daniel Arnoldi , German Canadian physician (d. 1849 )March 9
March 10 – David Semyonovich Abamelik , Russian-Armenian general-major (d. 1833 )March 12
March 13
March 14
March 15
March 16
March 19 – Franz von Paula Gruithuisen , Bavarian physician and astronomer (d. 1852 )March 20 – Alexandra Petrovna Golitsyna , maid of honour and historian (d. 1842 )March 21 – George Scovell , British Army general (d. 1861 )March 24 – Jean-Louis-Auguste Loiseleur-Deslongchamps , French botanist (d. 1849 )March 25
March 28 – William Williams , British Member of Parliament (d. 1839 )March 30 – Nathaniel Peabody , Boston (d. 1855 )March 31
April 1
April 5 – Thomas Potter , British politician (d. 1845 )April 6
April 7
April 8
April 9 – John Stanly , American politician (d. 1834 )April 11
April 12
April 13 – John W. Mulligan , attorney, U.S. Consul in Athens, Greece (d. 1862 )April 15 – Sophie Thalbitzer , Danish writer (d. 1851 )April 16
April 17
April 18
April 19 – Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer , German writer (d. 1845 )April 21
April 23 – Francis Austen , British Royal Navy officer (d. 1865 )April 24 – Jean Marc Gaspard Itard , French physician (d. 1838 )April 25 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Lepel , Prussian major general and adjutant to Prince Henry of Prussia (d. 1840 )April 26
April 28
April 29
April 30 – John Yelloly , English doctor (d. 1842 )July 5
July 7 – Louis Auguste Marchand Plauzonne , French general (d. 1812 )July 9 – Marcia Arbuthnot , lady-in-waiting (d. 1806 )July 10 – Isaac Bullard , American politician (d. 1808 )July 11
July 12
July 14
July 15 – David Jacob van Lennep , Dutch university professor, poet and writer (d. 1853 )July 17 – John Wilbur , American Quaker minister (d. 1856 )July 20
July 24 – Franz von Klebelsberg zu Thumburg , Czech nobleman (d. 1857 )July 26 – Ernst Ludwig von Tippelskirch , Prussian army officer (d. 1840 )July 28
July 29 – Edward Wakefield , English statistician (d. 1854 )July 30 – Charles de Graimberg , French art collector and painter (d. 1864 )July 31
August 1
August 2 – Ole Clausen Mørch , Norwegian politician (d. 1829 )August 5
August 6 – Asa Wells , pioneer farmer and surveyor from Pompey (d. 1859 )August 7
August 9
August 11
August 12
August 13
August 15 – François-Joseph-Marie Fayolle , French musicologist, man of letters and mathematician (d. 1852 )August 17
August 18
August 19 – Denis-Benjamin Viger , Lower Canadian politician (d. 1861 )August 20
August 22
August 23
August 24 – Anton Ludwig Ernst Horn , German physician (d. 1848 )August 25 – Samuel William Manthey , Norwegian politician (d. 1815 )August 26 – Sir John Lubbock, 2nd Baronet , English banker, politician (d. 1840 )August 28 – Elizabeth Ann Seton , co-founder of Mount St. Mary's University in the United States, founder of the Sisters of Charity (d. 1821 )August 30 – Henri Van Assche , painter (d. 1841 )August 31 – Charles Turner , English engraver (d. 1857 )October 2 – Johannes Spitler , American painter of furniture (d. 1837 )October 4
October 7
October 8
October 10 – Peter Nourse , American clergyman (d. 1840 )October 12
October 13
October 15 – John Boit , one of the first Americans involved in the maritime fur trade (d. 1829 )October 18
October 19 – Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Marquess Cornwallis , British noble (d. 1823 )October 21 – Archibald Campbell , British Army officer (d. 1838 )October 23
October 26 – Albert Gregorius , Belgian painter (d. 1853 )October 27 – Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton , British politician (d. 1848 )October 28
October 29 – Augustin Joseph Caron , French military officer (d. 1822 )October 30
November 1
November 2 – Georges-Simon Serullas , French pharmacist (d. 1832 )November 3 – Jakov Jakšić , Serbian postmaster (d. 1848 )November 4
November 5
November 6
November 7
November 8
November 9
November 10 – John Miller , New York politician (d. 1862 )November 11 – Marcin Dunin , Roman Catholic archbishop of Gnesen and Posen (d. 1842 )November 12
November 14 – Gaspare Spontini , Italian composer and conductor (d. 1851 )November 17 – Pierre-Alexandre Le Camus , French politician (d. 1824 )November 18
November 19 – Vasile Moga , romanian orthodox bishop of Sibiu (d. 1845 )November 20
November 21
November 24 – Thomas Dick , British astronomer (d. 1857 )November 25 – Francisco de Paula Marín , A Spaniard influential in the early Kingdom of Hawaii; confidant of Hawaiian King Kamehameha I (d. 1837 )November 26
November 27 – John Howard Kyan , British inventor (d. 1850 )November 28
November 29
December 1 – Alexander Leith , British Army officer, died 1859 (d. 1859 )December 2
December 3 – Giuseppe Federico Palombini , military general (d. 1850 )December 4 – John Weyland , British writer and politician; (d. 1854 )December 5 – Johann Wilhelm Andreas Pfaff , German mathematician (d. 1835 )December 10 – Nicolas Morice , French navy officer (d. 1848 )December 11 – David Bowen, Felinfoel , Welsh Baptist minister from Felinfoel (d. 1853 )December 12 – William Henry , English chemist (d. 1836 )December 13
December 15 – Michel Ange Lancret , Engineer with the French Corps of Bridges and Roads (d. 1807 )December 16 – Caroline Campbell, Duchess of Argyll , British noble (d. 1835 )December 17
December 20
December 21
December 23 – Ludwig von Vincke , politician, writer and jurist (d. 1844 )December 26 – Ferdinand Oechsle , German inventor (d. 1852 )December 27
December 28
December 29 – Maurice FitzGerald, 18th Knight of Kerry , British politician (d. 1849 )December 31 – John Pringle , British Army officer (d. 1861 )date unknown – Sergey Glinka , Russian author, brother of Fyodor Glinka (d. 1847 )1775
Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski born 13 January Walter Savage Landor born 30 January Gurun Princess Hexiao born 2 February Charles Lamb born 10 February William Hall (governor) born 11 February Miguel Ramos Arizpe born 15 February Simmons Jones Baker born 15 February Jean-Baptiste Girard (soldier) born 21 February Adolf Stieler born 26 February Sophie Tieck born 28 February Adam Elias von Siebold born 5 March Constance Mayer born 9 March Pauline Auzou born 24 March Adam Albert von Neipperg born 8 April J. M. W. Turner born 23 April Alexander Johnston (1775–1849) born 25 April George Kinloch (politician) born 30 April Angélique Mongez born 1 May Alexander McNair born 5 May Pablo Morillo born 5 May Jacob Brown born 9 May Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle born 10 May Micah Brooks born 14 May Johann Baptist Malfatti von Monteregio born 12 June Judah Touro born 16 June Lucy Mack Smith born 8 July Matthew Lewis (writer) born 9 July Richard Westmacott born 15 July John Andrew Shulze born 19 July Anna Harrison born 25 July Emmanuel Dupaty born 31 July George Tucker (politician) born 20 August Vasily Orlov-Denisov born 8 September Guillaume Capelle born 9 September Murray Maxwell born 10 September John Henry Hobart born 14 September Giuseppe Rosaroll born 16 September Philip Milledoler born 22 September Robert Adrain born 30 September Bahadur Shah Zafar born 24 October Pierre Capelle born 4 November Achille Fontanelli born 8 November Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach born 14 November James Carnahan born 15 November Philander Chase born 14 December Phineas Riall born 15 December January 23
January 27 – Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling , German philosopher (d. 1854 )January 28
January 30 – Walter Savage Landor , English writer and poet (d. 1864 )January 31
February 1
February 2 – Gurun Princess Hexiao of the Manchu dynasty (d. 1823 )February 3
February 8
February 9
February 10
February 11 – William Hall , American politician (d. 1856 )February 12 – Charles Lloyd , English poet (d. 1839 )February 14 – William Clift , English medical illustrator and conservator (d. 1849 )February 15
February 17
February 18 – Thomas Girtin , English painter and etcher (d. 1802 )February 19
February 20
February 21
February 22
February 24
February 25 – John Caldwell , businessman and politician in Lower Canada (d. 1842 )February 26 – Adolf Stieler , German cartographer and lawyer (d. 1836 )February 28 – Sophie Tieck , German poet (d. 1833 )March 3 – Henry Prittie, 2nd Baron Dunalley , British politician (d. 1854 )March 4 – Johann Baptist von Lampi the Younger , Austrian portrait painter (d. 1837 )March 5
March 9
March 10
March 11
March 12
March 14 – Samuel Street Jr. , businessman in Upper Canada (d. 1844 )March 15 – Juan Bautista Arismendi , Venezuelan patriot and general of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d. 1841 )March 17 – Ninian Edwards , founding political figure of the state of Illinois (d. 1833 )March 19 – Ramsay Richard Reinagle , English painter (d. 1862 )March 22
March 23 – William Haseldine Pepys , English physical scientist (d. 1856 )March 24
March 25 – John Johnston , United States Indian agent (d. 1861 )March 26 – Thomas Monteagle Bayly , Virginian politician, lawyer and planter (d. 1834 )March 27 – Nicolai Abraham Holten , Danish civil servant and director of Øresund Custom House (d. 1850 )March 28 – Johann Heinrich Gossler , Hamburg banker and grand burgher (d. 1842 )March 30 – Hieronymus Karl Graf von Colloredo-Mansfeld , Austrian corps commander during the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1822 )April 2
April 4 – Dutch Sam , British boxer (d. 1816 )April 5 – Johann Nepomuk Rust , Austrian surgeon (d. 1840 )April 6 – Edward Wynne-Pendarves , English politician (d. 1853 )April 7
April 8
April 9 – Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada , Brazilian politician, leader in Brazil's independence and government (d. 1844 )April 10 – Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi , German psychiatrist (d. 1858 )April 12
April 13 – Adolph Henke , German physician (d. 1843 )April 14
April 16
April 21
April 22
April 23 – J. M. W. Turner , English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker (d. 1851 )April 25
April 27 – Pietro Ostini , Catholic cardinal (d. 1849 )April 28
April 29 – Samuel King , American Presbyterian minister, a founder of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (d. 1842 )April 30
May 1 – Angélique Mongez , French Neoclassical artist (d. 1855 )May 3 – John Hansen Sørbrøden , Norwegian farmer (d. 1857 )May 5
May 6
May 8 – George Gwilt the younger , English architect (d. 1856 )May 9 – Jacob Brown , United States general (d. 1828 )May 10
May 12 – George Whitmore , British Army general (d. 1862 )May 14 – Micah Brooks , United States general (d. 1857 )May 17
May 19 – Antonín Jan Jungmann , Czech physician (d. 1854 )May 21 – Lucien Bonaparte , French statesman (d. 1840 )May 24
May 25 – Pelagio Palagi , Italian painter (d. 1860 )May 28 – Thomas Graves, 2nd Baron Graves , British politician (d. 1830 )May 29 – Nathan Cutler , American politician from Maine (d. 1861 )May 31
June 4 – Francesco Molino , Italian guitarist (d. 1847 )June 8 – Henry Boehm , American clergyman and pastor (d. 1875 )June 9 – Georg Friedrich Grotefend , German epigraphist and philologist (d. 1853 )June 10 – James Barbour , American politician (d. 1842 )June 12
June 13 – Antoni Radziwiłł , Polish politician (d. 1833 )June 14 – André Bruno de Frévol de Lacoste , French general of the First Empire (d. 1809 )June 15
June 16 – Judah Touro , American businessman (d. 1854 )June 17 – Alexander Cowan , Scottish papermaker and philanthropist (d. 1859 )June 18 – Orsamus Cook Merrill , American politician (d. 1865 )June 19
June 20 – Jacques Frédéric Français , French engineer and mathematician (d. 1833 )June 22
June 24 – John Kempthorne , English clergyman and hymnwriter (d. 1838 )June 25 – John Stevenson Salt , English barrister, banker and landowner (d. 1845 )June 26
June 29 – Thomas Boyle , American privateer (d. 1825 )June 30 – William Thompson , Irish philosopher (d. 1833 )July 1 – Cephas Thompson , American artist (d. 1856 )July 2 – Aaron Peasley , American buttonmaker (d. 1837 )July 3 – Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier , member of the French royal family (d. 1807 )July 5 – William Crotch , English composer, organist and artist (d. 1847 )July 8
July 9 – Matthew "Monk" Lewis , English Gothic horror writer and politician (d. 1818 )July 11 – Joseph Blanco White , Spanish-born political thinker, theologian and poet (d. 1841 )July 14
July 15 – Richard Westmacott , British sculptor (d. 1856 )July 17
July 18
July 19
July 21
July 23
July 24 – Eugène François Vidocq , French criminal and private detective agent (d. 1857 )July 25 – Anna Harrison , American politician (d. 1864 )July 27 – Therese Brunsvik , Hungarian educationalist (d. 1861 )July 28 – Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian , British Army general (d. 1842 )July 31 – Emmanuel Dupaty , French singer and writer (d. 1851 )August 2
August 6
August 7
August 8 – Richard Blakemore , English politician (d. 1855 )August 9 – Jacob Brown , United States general (d. 1828 )August 12 – Conrad Malte-Brun , Danish-born geographer and writer on French politics (d. 1826 )August 14 – Pieter Adrianus Ossewaarde , Dutch politician (d. 1853 )August 15
August 16
August 18
August 20
August 22
August 23 – Mark Cubbon , British army officer with the East India Company (d. 1861 )August 25 – Karl Joseph Hieronymus Windischmann , German philosopher and anthropologist (d. 1839 )August 26 – William Joseph Behr , German political radical (d. 1851 )August 27
August 28
August 29 – Niels Wulfsberg , Norwegian publisher (d. 1852 )August 31
September 1 – Honoré Charles Reille , French general, Marshal of France (d. 1860 )September 4 – Jean-François Le Gonidec , Breton linguist, Bible translator (d. 1838 )September 5
September 6 – Aleksey Greig , Russian admiral (d. 1845 )September 7 – John Jebb , Irish Anglican bishop and religious writer (d. 1833 )September 8
September 9
September 10
September 11
September 12 – Josef Jüttner , Austrian cartographer and military officer (d. 1848 )September 13 – Laura Secord , Canadian heroine of the War of 1812 (d. 1868 )September 14
September 15 – William A. Griswold , American lawyer and politician (d. 1846 )September 16
September 17
September 19 – José Félix Ribas , hero of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d. 1815 )September 20 – François-Pierre Chaumeton , French botanist and physician (d. 1819 )September 22 – Philip Milledoler , American protestant minister and fifth President of Rutgers College (d. 1852 )September 23 – Jens Christian Berg , Norwegian lawyer and historian (d. 1852 )September 24 – Nathan Heald , officer in the United States Army during the War of 1812 (d. 1832 )September 25 – Pierre Flor , Norwegian politician (d. 1848 )September 26 – James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam , British peer and Member of Parliament (d. 1845 )September 29
September 30 – Robert Adrain , Irish-born American mathematician (d. 1843 )October 2 – Cornelius O'Callaghan, 1st Viscount Lismore , Irish politician (d. 1857 )October 3 – Isaac von Sinclair , German writer and diplomat (d. 1815 )October 6 – Johann Anton André , German composer and music publisher (d. 1842 )October 7
October 9
October 12
October 13 – John Wentworth Loring , British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1852 )October 14 – Godfrey Macdonald, 3rd Baron Macdonald of Sleat , Scottish general (d. 1832 )October 15
October 17 – Ole Paulssøn Haagenstad , Norwegian politician (d. 1866 )October 18
October 19
October 21
October 23 – Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer , German architect (d. 1842 )October 24 – Bahadur Shah II , Mughal emperor (d. 1862 )October 26
October 30
November 1 – Christian Adolph Diriks , Norwegian lawyer and statesman (d. 1837 )November 2
November 3 – Edward Paget , British Army general (d. 1849 )November 4 – Pierre Capelle , French chansonnier (d. 1851 )November 6 – August Wilhelm Hartmann , Danish composer (d. 1850 )November 7 – Joseph Fox , English dental surgeon (d. 1816 )November 8
November 9 – Daniel Waldron , American businessman (d. 1821 )November 10 – James Elliot , American politician (d. 1839 )November 11 – Gulbrand Eriksen Tandberg , Norwegian farmer and politician (d. 1848 )November 13
November 14 – Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach , German legal scholar (d. 1833 )November 15 – James Carnahan , American clergyman and educator, ninth President of Princeton University (d. 1859 )November 19
November 20 – Gustav Anton von Seckendorff , German author (d. 1823 )November 21 – Josef Servas d'Outrepont , German obstetrician (d. 1845 )November 23
November 24 – Peter Buell Allen , politician and military commander in New York State, pioneer of Vigo County and Terre Haute (d. 1833 )November 25
November 27
November 28
November 29 – Marie Antoine de Reiset , French general during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1836 )November 30 – Jean Joseph Antoine de Courvoisier , French magistrate and politician (d. 1835 )December 2 – Joseph Denis Odevaere , Neo-Classical painter from the Southern Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) (d. 1830 )December 5 – Abijah Bigelow , American politician (d. 1860 )December 6
December 10
December 11 – Peter Little , American politician (d. 1830 )December 13 – Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Younger , Prussian statesman (d. 1843 )December 14
December 15 – Phineas Riall , British Army general (d. 1850 )December 16
December 17 – Carlo Rossi , Russian architect (d. 1849 )December 20
December 21 – Julien-Joseph Virey , French naturalist and anthropologist (d. 1846 )December 25
December 26 – Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot , French officer, nobleman and counter-revolutionary (d. 1813 )December 28
Date unknown – Jeanne Geneviève Garnerin , French balloonist and parachutist (d. 1847 ) 1776
January 1 – James M. Broom , American politician (d. 1850 )January 2 – Jeremiah Chaplin , American Reformed Baptist theologian (d. 1841 )January 3 – Thomas Morris , American politician (d. 1844 )January 4
January 6
January 8 – Thomas Langlois Lefroy , Irish politician (d. 1869 )January 9 – Ludwig Rhesa , Prussian scholar (d. 1840 )January 10 – George Birkbeck , English doctor, academic and philanthropist (d. 1841 )January 15 – Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh , Roman-born British prince (d. 1834 )January 16
January 17 (bapt.) – Jane Porter , English novelist (d. 1850 )January 21
January 23 – Howard Douglas , British Army general (d. 1861 )January 24
January 25 – Joseph Görres , German writer and journalist (d. 1848 )January 29 – William Bowie , American agrarian (d. 1826 )February 4
February 11 – Ioannis Kapodistrias , Governor of Greece (d. 1831 )February 12
February 14 – Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck , prolific German botanist (d. 1858 )February 15 – Jean-Pierre Boyer , President of Haiti (d. 1850 )February 16 – Abraham Raimbach , British engraver (d. 1843 )February 17
February 18 – Karl August Ferdinand von Borcke , German general (d. 1830 )February 20 – Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca , Spanish colonial governor of Cuba (d. 1846 )February 21 – Joseph Barss , Canadian privateer, sea captain (d. 1824 )February 23
February 25 – George William Tighe , English expatriate (d. 1837 )February 26
February 28 – François Quirouet , Canadian politician (d. 1844 )March 1
March 3 – James Parker , American politician (d. 1868 )March 4 – Guillaume Emmanuel Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest , Russian army commander (d. 1814 )March 5 – Gerard Troost , American mineralogist (d. 1850 )March 6 – Luigi Lambruschini , Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1854 )March 7 – Timothy Ruggles , Canadian politician (d. 1831 )March 8
March 9
March 10
March 12 – Lady Hester Stanhope , English archaeologist (d. 1839 )March 15 – Aimé Picquet du Boisguy , French chouan general during the French Revolution (d. 1839 )March 17 – Joel Abbot , American politician (d. 1826 )March 19 – Philemon Beecher , American politician (d. 1839 )March 20
March 21 – John Frederick Frelinghuysen , United States general (d. 1833 )March 23
March 24 – Zusho Hirosato , Japanese samurai (d. 1849 )March 27 – Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel , French botanist, politician (d. 1854 )March 30 – Vasily Tropinin , Russian artist (d. 1857 )March 31 – Joseph Küffner , German musician, composer (d. 1856 )April 1
April 3
April 6 – Jesse Bledsoe , American politician (d. 1836 )April 11
April 12
April 13 – Wilhelm von Schütz , German author, playwright (d. 1847 )April 15 – John Anstruther-Thomson , Scottish nobleman, Colonel of the Royal Fifeshire Yeomanry Cavalry (d. 1833 )April 17 – Jean-François Roger , French poet, politician (d. 1842 )April 20
April 25
April 27
April 28
May 4 – Johann Friedrich Herbart , German philosopher, psychologist (d. 1841 )May 5 – Valentine Efner , American politician (d. 1865 )May 6
May 8
May 9 – Thomas Maguire , Canadian Catholic priest (d. 1854 )May 10 – George Thomas Smart , English musician (d. 1867 )May 12 – José de La Mar , military leader, President of Peru (d. 1830 )[119] May 13 – Jett Thomas , American militia general (d. 1817 )May 17 – Amos Eaton , American botanist (d. 1842 )May 18 – Dennis Pennington , American politician (d. 1854 )May 20
May 29 – Peter Erasmus Müller , Danish historian, linguist and theologian (d. 1834 )May 31 – José Antonio de la Garza , American mayor (d. 1851 )June 1
June 4 – Isaac B. Van Houten , American politician (d. 1850 )June 6 – William Reed , American politician (d. 1837 )June 8 – Thomas Rickman , English architect, architectural antiquary (d. 1841 )John Constable June 11 – John Constable , English landscape painter (d. 1837 )June 12
June 19 – Francis Johnson , American politician (d. 1842 )June 21
June 23 – Stephen Longfellow , American politician (d. 1849 )June 28 – Charles Mathews , English actor (d. 1835 )June 29 – George Okill Stuart , Canadian clergyman (d. 1862 )July 1
July 3 – Henry Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton , Anglo-Irish politician (d. 1842 )July 4
July 5
July 10 – Samuel Powell , American politician (d. 1841 )July 11 – William Bradbery , English entrepreneur (d. 1860 )July 12 – John Christian , Manx judge (d. 1852 )July 13 – Caroline of Baden , Queen of Bavaria (d. 1841 )July 14 – Pierre Yrieix Daumesnil , French soldier (d. 1832 )July 16
July 17 – John Neilson , Canadian politician (d. 1848 )July 18 – John Struthers , Scottish poet (d. 1853 )July 20 – Ignaz Schuppanzigh , Austrian musician (d. 1830 )July 22
July 26 – Pierre Fouquier , French physician, professor of medicine (d. 1850 )July 29 – James McSherry , American politician (d. 1849 )July 30 – Sir Edward Kerrison, 1st Baronet , British general (d. 1853 )August 1
August 2
August 4 – Pierre-Simon Ballanche , French writer and counterrevolutionary philosopher (d. 1847 )August 5
August 6 – William Crooks , Canadian politician (d. 1836 )August 9
August 12
August 13 – Abraham Shepherd , American politician (d. 1847 )August 14
August 15
August 16
August 18
August 21
August 22 – Carlo Amati , Italian architect (d. 1852 )August 23
August 25 – Thomas Bladen Capel , British admiral (d. 1853 )August 26
August 27 – Barthold Georg Niebuhr , Danish-German statesman, historian (d. 1831 )August 29 – Georg Friedrich Treitschke , German librettist (d. 1842 )September 1
September 3 – Étienne Mayrand , Canadian politician (d. 1872 )September 4 – Stephen Whitney , American merchant (d. 1860 )September 5 – Augustus Simon Frazer , French-born British Army officer (d. 1835 )September 8
September 9
September 11 – Thomas Arbuthnot , British Army general (d. 1849 )September 15
September 17 – Langdon Cheves , American politician (d. 1857 )September 18 – Thomas Gleadowe-Newcomen, 2nd Viscount Newcomen , English politician (d. 1825 )September 21
September 27
October 1 – Augustus Warren Baldwin , Upper Canada naval officer, political figure (d. 1866 )October 3 – Thomas Walsh , Vicar Apostolic of England and Wales (d. 1849 )October 4
October 6
October 8 – Pieter van Os , Dutch painter, engraver (d. 1839 )October 12 – Jean-Michel Mahé , French Navy officer, captain (d. 1833 )October 13
October 14
October 18 – Cowles Mead , American politician (d. 1844 )October 20 – John Rolls of The Hendre , British judge (d. 1837 )October 21 – George Izard , United States general (d. 1828 )October 22 – Edward Draper , British military officer, civil servant in Mauritius (d. 1841 )October 25 – Patrick Neill , Scottish printer, horticulturalist (d. 1851 )October 28 – Joachim Haspinger , Catholic priest, leader of the Tyrolese revolt against Napoleon (d. 1858 )October 30
October 31 – Francis Locke Jr. , American politician (d. 1823 )November 1 – Abraham McClellan , American politician (d. 1851 )November 5 – Abraham Teerlink , Dutch painter (d. 1857 )November 7
November 10
November 11 – Philip E. Thomas , American banker, railroad executive (d. 1861 )November 14 – Henri Dutrochet , French physician (d. 1847 )November 15
November 17
November 20
November 24
November 29 – Harcourt Lees , Irish clergyman, political pamphleteer (d. 1852 )November 30
December 1
December 2 – Louis Alexis Baudoin , French naval officer (d. 1805 )Yashwantrao Holkar December 3
December 5 – Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck , German surgeon (d. 1851 )December 6 – Theodorick Bland , United States federal judge (d. 1846 )December 7 – Reuben Whallon , American politician (d. 1843 )December 8
December 10
December 12 – Nicholas Conyngham Tindal , English lawyer, politician (d. 1846 )December 13 – James Hawkes , American politician (d. 1865 )December 14 – Ingelbrecht Knudssøn , Norwegian politician (d. 1826 )December 16
December 19
December 20 – José María del Castillo y Rada , President of Colombia (d. 1833 )December 25 – John Slater , American businessman (d. 1843 )December 26 – Charles Hamilton Smith , British artist (d. 1859 )December 27 – Nikolay Kamensky , Russian general (d. 1811 )December 29 – Gustaf af Wetterstedt , Swedish politician (d. 1837 )December 30 – William Drayton , American politician (d. 1846 )December 31 – Johann Spurzheim , German physician (d. 1832 )1777 * January – William Barton , English cricketer (d. 1825 )
January 2 – Christian Daniel Rauch , German sculptor (d. 1857 )January 7 – Lorenzo Bartolini , Italian sculptor (d. 1850 )January 11 – Vincenzo Borg , Maltese merchant, rebel leader (d. 1837 )January 13 – Elisa Bonaparte , Grand Duchess of Tuscany, sister of Napoleon Bonaparte (d. 1820 )January 25 – Karoline Jagemann , German actor (d.1848)February 3 – John Cheyne , British physician, surgeon and author (d. 1836 )February 10 – Amable Berthelot , Quebec lawyer, author and political figure (d. 1847 )February 12
February 18 – Andreas Arntzen , Norwegian politician (d. 1837 )February 20 – Zacheus Burnham , Canadian farmer, judge and public figure (d. 1857 )February 26 – Matija Nenadović , Prime Minister of Serbia (d. 1854 )March 3 – Adolphe Dureau de la Malle , French geographer, naturalist, historian and artist (d. 1857 )March 10 – Robert Allison (Pennsylvania politician) , U.S. Representative (d. 1840 )March 13 – Charles Lot Church , Nova Scotia politician (d. 1864 )Roger B. Taney Carl Friedrich Gauss April 30 – Carl Friedrich Gauss , German mathematician, astronomer and physicist (d. 1855 )May 4 – Richard Bourke , Australian governor (d. 1855 )May 8 – Mateli Magdalena Kuivalatar , Finnish-Karelian folksinger (d. 1846 )May 11 – Samuel Bridger , English cricketerMay 12 – Mary Reibey , Australian businessperson (d. 1855 )May 18 – John George Children , British chemist, mineralogist and zoologist (d. 1852 )June 1 – Fernando Errázuriz Aldunate , president of Chile (d. 1841 )June 12 – Robert Clark , American politician (d. 1837 )June 14 – Heman Allen (of Milton) , U.S. Representative (d. 1844 )June 15 – David Daniel Davis , British physician (d. 1841 )June 22
June 23 – Frederick Bates , American politician (d. 1825 )Paavo Ruotsalainen Hans Christian Ørsted Heinrich von Kleist November 7 – Richard Bassett (clergyman) , Welsh cleric (d. 1852 )November 13 – Kunwar Singh , Leader during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (d. 1858 )November 14 – Nathaniel Claiborne , American politician (d. 1859 )November 24 – Samuel Butts , American militia officer (d. 1814 )December 1 – Thomas Bradford , British Army officer (d. 1853 )December 4 – Juliette Récamier , French writer (d. 1849 )December 10 – William Conner , American trader, politician (d. 1855 )December 14 – Du Pré Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon , Irish peer, landlord and colonial administrator (d. 1839 )December 15 – Agostino Aglio , Italian painter, decorator and engraver (d. 1857 )December 16 – Madame Clicquot Ponsardin , French champagne producer (d. 1866 )December 21 – John Campbell, 7th Duke of Argyll , Scottish peer, Whig politician (d. 1847 )Alexander I of Russia Suleiman al-Halabi , Syrian student, assassin (d. 1800 )Carlos Anaya , Uruguayan politician (d. 1862 )Charles James Apperley , English sportsman, sporting writer (d. 1843 )Carlo Armellini , Italian politician, activist and jurist (d. 1863 )Mevlana Halid-i Bagdadi , Ottoman mystic (d. 1826 )Connell James Baldwin , Irish soldier, civil servant (d. 1861 )Karl Friedrich Becker , German educator, historian (d. 1806 )Vicente Benavides , Chilean soldier (d. 1822 )John Bennett (Hampshire cricketer) (d. 1857 )William Bellinger Bulloch , U.S. Senator (d. 1852 )Sophia Campbell , Australian artist (d. 1833 )Abiel Chandler , U.S. philanthropist (d. 1851 )John Claiborne , U.S. politician (d. 1808 )Charles Othon Frédéric Jean-Baptiste de Clarac , French artist, scholar and archaeologist (d. 1847 )Thomas Cochran (judge) , Canadian judge (d. 1804 )Anselmo de la Cruz , Chilean political figure (d. 1833 )Thomas Day , American judge (d. 1855 )Benjamin D'Urban , British general, colonial administrator (d. 1849 )Tu'i Malila , Malagasy-born tortoise, longest living animal on record (d. 1965 )1778 * January 1
Thomas Lincoln January 6 – Thomas Lincoln , Farmer, Carpenter (d. 1851 )January 7 – Anthony Todd Thomson , British dermatologist (d. 1849 )January 9 – Thomas Brown , Scottish metaphysician (d. 1820 )January 10 – Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante , Argentine politician (d. 1851 )January 11 – Agathon Jean François Fain , French historian (d. 1837 )January 12 – William Herbert , British politician (d. 1847 )January 13 – Sir Isaac Goldsmid, 1st Baronet , British financier and one of the leading figures in the Jewish emancipation in the United Kingdom (d. 1859 )January 15 – Joseph Adamy , Nassauian politician (d. 1849 )January 16
January 17
Donald Macdonell , Canadian politician (d. 1861 )George Black , Canadian politician, businessman and important shipbuilder in Quebec, during the earlier part of the 19th century (d. 1854 )January 18 – George Bellas Greenough , British geologist (d. 1855 )January 20 – Louis Antoine François Baillon , French naturalist, collector (d. 1855 )January 21 – Jeremiah O'Brien , American politician (d. 1858 )January 23 – Alire Raffeneau Delile , French botanist (d. 1850 )January 24 – Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry , England (d. 1820 )January 25 – Matsudaira Norihiro , Japanese daimyō who ruled the Nishio Domain (d. 1839 )January 26
January 27
January 28 – James Tallmadge, Jr. , American politician (d. 1853 )January 29 – John Williams , Tennessee politician (d. 1837 )January 31 – Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky , Austrian statesman (d. 1861 )February 1 – Joseph Richardson , American politician (d. 1871 )February 2 – Mary Anne Talbot , British wartime cross-dresser (d. 1808 )February 3
February 4 – Augustin Pyramus de Candolle , Swiss botanist (d. 1841 )February 5 – Jan Nepomucen Umiński , Polish general (d. 1851 )February 6 – Ugo Foscolo , Italian writer, revolutionary and poet (d. 1827 )[121] February 13 – William P. Van Ness , United States federal judge (d. 1826 )February 14 – Fernando Sor , Spanish musician (d. 1839 )February 16
February 19
February 22
José de San Martín February 25 – José de San Martín , Argentine general (d. 1850 )March 1
March 2
March 3
March 4
March 6
March 8 – Jean-Toussaint Arrighi de Casanova , French soldier, diplomat (d. 1853 )March 10
March 19 – Edward Pakenham , Irish-born British general (d. 1815 )March 22
March 23 – Paul Traugott Meissner , Austrian chemist (d. 1864 )March 24
March 25 – Sophie Blanchard , French aeronaut (d. 1819 )March 26 – Edward Blakeney , British Army officer (d. 1868 )March 28 – Ludvig Stoud Platou , Norwegian politician (d. 1833 )March 30 – Robert Moore , American politician (d. 1831 )March 31 – Coenraad Jacob Temminck , Dutch zoologist (d. 1858 )April 1 – Benjamin Jacob , British musician (d. 1829 )April 3 – Pierre Bretonneau , French physician (d. 1862 )April 7 – John J. Ely , Member of the New Jersey General Assembly (d. 1852 )April 9
William Hazlitt April 10
April 12 – John Strachan , Bishop of Toronto (d. 1867 )April 14 – George Philipp Ludolf von Beckedorff , prominent Prussian Catholic convert, parliamentarian (d. 1858 )April 15
April 18
April 19 – Elizabeth Wynne Fremantle , main author of the extensive Wynne Diaries , wife of Royal Navy officer Thomas Fremantle (1765–1819) (d. 1857 )April 23 – John Harvey , British Army general (d. 1852 )April 24 – John Graham , soldier notable for founding Grahamstown (d. 1821 )April 27 – Henry Drury , English educator (d. 1841 )April 28 – Adriaan van der Hoop , Dutch banker, politician (d. 1854 )April 29 – Thomas Bateman , British physician, pioneer in the field of dermatology (d. 1821 )April 30 – Arvid David Hummel , Swedish entomologist (d. 1836 )May 2 – Nathan Bangs , American Methodist theologian (d. 1862 )May 3 – Samuel Freeze , Canadian politician (d. 1844 )May 6 – Henry Phillpotts , English bishop (d. 1869 )May 8 – Marie-Louise Coidavid , Queen of the Kingdom of Haiti (1811–20) as the spouse of Henri I of Haiti (d. 1851 )May 9 – Eli Ayers , Liberian politician (d. 1822 )May 10 – William Ladd , American activist (d. 1841 )May 12 – August Zeune , German educator (d. 1853 )May 13 – Honoré V, Prince of Monaco (d. 1841 )May 17 – Benjamin Bowring , English watchmaker (d. 1846 )May 18
May 19
May 25 – Claus Harms , German clergyman, theologian (d. 1855 )May 29 – Charles Kemeys Kemeys Tynte , British politician (d. 1860 )May 30 – Richard Skinner , American politician (d. 1833 )May 31 – Horatio Seymour , American politician (d. 1857 )June 2 – Jean Julien Angot des Rotours , French colonial governor (d. 1844 )June 4 – Martin Parmer , American politician (d. 1850 )June 6 – Edmund Varney , American politician (d. 1847 )June 7 – David Willson , Canadian Quaker minister (d. 1866 )June 11 – John Robison , British inventor (d. 1843 )June 13 – Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1819 )June 14 – John Cushing Aylwin , United States naval officer (War of 1812) (d. 1813 )Harry Croswell June 16
June 17
June 19 – Robert Allen , Tennessee politician (d. 1844 )June 20 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac , moderate royalist French statesman, during the Bourbon Restoration (1814–30) under King Charles X (d. 1832 )June 22 – George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland , British politician (d. 1867 )June 23 – Richard W. Meade , American merchant and art collector (d. 1828 )June 26 – Mariya Svistunova , lady-in-waiting at the Russian Court (d. 1866 )June 27 – Sir John Astley, 1st Baronet , British politician (d. 1842 )June 28
July 2 – Daniel Wilson , Bishop of Calcutta (d. 1858 )July 3 – Carl Ludvig Engel , German architect (d. 1840 )July 6 – Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent , French scientist (d. 1846 )July 7 – Beau Brummell , English man of fashion (d. 1840 )[124] July 10
July 11 – Timothy Fuller , American politician (d. 1835 )July 12 – Maria Dalle Donne , Bolognese physician (d. 1842 )July 13 – Samuel Stevens, Jr. , American politician (d. 1860 )July 15
July 17 – Benjamin Isaacs , Connecticut politician (d. 1846 )July 19
July 20 – Joshua Tetley , British brewer (d. 1859 )July 28 – Charles Stewart , American naval commander (d. 1869 )July 30
August 2 – Georg Anton Rollett , Austrian naturalist (d. 1842 )August 5 – Otto Christian Blandow , German bryologist (d. 1810 )August 8 – John Bonfoy Rooper , British landowner, MP (d. 1855 )Friedrich Ludwig Jahn Bernardo O'Higgins Clemens Brentano September 9 – Clemens Brentano , German poet, novelist (d. 1842 )[127] September 10 – Joshua Lawrence , American Baptist minister (d. 1843 )September 12 – William Davidson , American politician (d. 1857 )September 14
September 15 – Augustin Caron , Canadian politician (d. 1862 )September 19
September 20
September 21 – Carl Ludwig Koch , German entomologist (d. 1857 )September 24 – Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł , Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1850 )September 25
September 26 – Jonathan Fisk , American politician (d. 1832 )September 27
September 28
September 29
October 5
October 7
October 8 – Hyacinthe-Louis de Quélen , French Catholic bishop (d. 1839 )October 9
October 13 – William Marks , American politician (d. 1858 )October 14 – Francis Fane , British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1844 )October 19 – Valentine Blacker , Irish-born Surveyor General of India (d. 1826 )October 22 – Javier de Burgos , Spanish writer, politician and jurist (d. 1849 )[128] October 23 – Kittur Chennamma , Indian queen regnant (d. 1829 )October 26 – Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg , British politician (d. 1866 )October 28 – Ezekiel Blomfield , British minister (d. 1818 )October 29 – William Creighton, Jr. , United States federal judge (d. 1851 )October 30 – Benjamin Ames , American politician (d. 1835 )October 31
November 1
November 3 – Karlo Lanza , Dalmatian politician (d. 1834 )Giovanni Battista Belzoni November 5
November 8 – Joseph Signay , Canadian Catholic bishop (d. 1850 )November 11 – Nils Astrup , Norwegian politician (d. 1835 )November 14
November 15
November 16 – Johann Joseph von Prechtl , Austrian technologist (d. 1854 )November 18 – Lord William Stuart , British politician (d. 1814 )November 19 – Charles de Salaberry , Canadian politician (d. 1829 )November 21
November 22 – Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull , Swedish lady-in-waiting, politically active salonist (d. 1852 )November 23
November 24 – Salusbury Pryce Humphreys , British Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and the War of 1812 (d. 1845 )November 25
November 26
November 28
November 29 – Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko , Ukrainian writer, journalist, and playwright (d. 1843 )[129] November 30 – Andrés Guazurary , Argentine general (d. 1825 )Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac Humphry Davy Joseph Grimaldi 1779
Stephen Decatur Francis Scott Key January 5 – Stephen Decatur , American naval officer (d. 1820 )January 18 – Peter Mark Roget , British lexicographer (d. 1869 )February 1 – Nikolaus von Krufft , Austrian composer and civil servant (d. 1818 )March 6 – Antoine-Henri Jomini , French general (d. 1869 )March 15 – William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1848 )March 21 – José Bernardo de Tagle y Portocarrero, Marquis of Torre Tagle , Peruvian soldier and politician, 2nd President of Peru (d. 1825)[132] May 28 – Thomas Moore , Irish poet (d. 1852 )June 20 – Dorothy Ann Thrupp , British psalmist, hymnwriter, translator (d. 1847 )July 8 – Giorgio Pullicino , Maltese painter and architect (d. 1851 )August 1 – Francis Scott Key , American lawyer, lyricist (d. 1843 )August 8 – Benjamin Silliman , American chemist, educator and abolitionist (d. 1864 )August 20 – Jöns Jacob Berzelius , Swedish chemist (d. 1848 )August 29 – Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres , French painter (d. 1867 )September 8 – Mustafa IV , sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1808 )September 18 – Joseph Story , Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1845 )November 14 – Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger , Danish poet (d. 1850 )December 12 – Madeleine Sophie Barat , French Catholic saint, founder of the Society of the Sacred Heart (d. 1865 )December 24 – George Washington Lafayette date unknown – Giacomo Beltrami , Italian explorer (d. 1855 )
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