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((Short description|none))
((More citations needed|date=April 2023))
((Year in Canada|1786))
((History of Canada))
Events from the year '''1786 in Canada'''.

==Incumbents==
*[[List of Canadian monarchs|Monarch]]: [[George III]]<ref>((cite web |title=Kings and Queens of Canada |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/royal-family/kings-queens.html#e2 |website=aem |access-date=24 February 2021 |date=11 August 2017))</ref>

===Governors===
*[[Governor General of the Province of Canada|Governor of the Province of Quebec]]: [[Frederick Haldimand]]
*[[List of lieutenant governors of New Brunswick|Governor of New Brunswick]]: [[Thomas Carleton]]
*[[Governor of Nova Scotia]]: [[John Parr (colonial governor)|John Parr]]
*[[Colonial Governor of Newfoundland|Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland]]: [[John Byron]]
*[[List of lieutenant governors of Prince Edward Island|Governor of St. John's Iñjsland]]: [[Walter Patterson (governor)|Walter Patterson]]

==Events==
*[[New Brunswick]], [[Nova Scotia]], and [[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]] allowed to import goods from the [[United States]].
*Gerassin Pribilof discovers the rookeries on the islands now known as the Pribilofs.
*[[John Molson]] founds his first [[brewery]] in [[Montreal]].

==Births==
*April 16 – [[John Franklin]], naval officer, Arctic explorer, and author (d.[[1847 in Canada|1847]])
*June 17 – [[William Thompson (Upper Canada)|William Thompson]], farmer and political figure (d.[[1860 in Canada|1860]])
*October 7 – [[Louis-Joseph Papineau]], lawyer, politician and reformist (d.[[1871 in Canada|1871]])
*October 30 – [[Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé]], lawyer, writer, fifth and last seigneur of Saint-Jean-Port-Joli (L'Islet County) (d.[[1871 in Canada|1871]])
*October 31 – [[William Morris (Canadian businessman)|William Morris]], businessman, militia officer, justice of the peace, politician, and school administrator (d.[[1858 in Canada|1858]])

==Deaths==
((Empty section|date=July 2023))


==Historical documents==
Stated in [[House of Commons of Great Britain|Commons]] debate that [[Expulsion of the Loyalists#British North America|Loyalists]] wish government to set date for their compensation so that they can borrow against that security<ref>"London; House of Commons; Relief of the Loyalists" (June 26, 1786), The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17861003&printsec=frontpage Number 1069] (October 3, 1786), Page 2 of 2, lefthand page, left column. Accessed 28 March 2023</ref>

In answer to [[John Adams#Ambassador to Great Britain|John Adams']] "requisition" regarding [[Treaty of Paris (1783)#Consequences|British posts on U.S. soil]], [[Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds|Lord Carmarthen]] lists Loyalists' grievances state by state<ref>"Baltimore, July 4," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860815&printsec=frontpage Number 1062] (August 15, 1786), Page 2 of 2, lefthand page, middle and right columns. Accessed 28 March 2023 (See also [https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/04-07-02-0073 Adams letter] criticizing "little Prejudices and Passions" in U.S. against Loyalists)</ref>

Despite sense of justice due Loyalists for their losses, "their property was given up as the price of peace for their fellow subjects"<ref>"London, American Loyalists," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860328&printsec=frontpage Number 1042] (March 28, 1786), Page 1 of 2. Accessed 24 March 2023</ref>

[[Congress of the Confederation|Congress]] orders [[John Jay#Secretary of Foreign Affairs|Secretary of Foreign Affairs]] to make up lists by state of [[Negro|"negroes"]] taken away by British at [[American Revolutionary War#Aftermath|end of war]]<ref>"New-York, September 12; Extract from the Journals of Congress" (August 3, 1786), The (Shelburne) Nova-Scotia Packet and General Advertiser, No. LXXVI (October 12, 1786), [https://archives.novascotia.ca/newspapers/archives/?ID=126&Page=200909069 pg. 3] Accessed 5 April 2023</ref>

[[John Adams#Ambassador to Great Britain|John Adams]] says trade "more necessary" to British colonies than to U.S.A., and British policy is "Sowing the seeds of disquiet and discontent" in them<ref>[https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/06-18-02-0098 Letter of John Adams] (March 2, 1786), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 18 April 2023</ref>

[[Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester#Post-war years and death|Guy Carleton]] appointed governor-in-chief over Quebec, Nova Scotia (including St. John and Cape Breton islands) and New Brunswick<ref>"From the London Gazette; Whitehall April 11," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860620&printsec=frontpage Number 1054] (June 20, 1786), Page 2 of 2, lefthand page. Accessed 27 March 2023 (See also [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_03425/234 various instructions] (pgs. 812-40) for him and [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_03425/232 policy] behind creation of governor general position, and, on matter of [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267066 Carleton's pension] (pg. 3), Gen. Burgoyne's praise of Carleton, and [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267071 description] (pg. 2) of his arrival at Quebec City)</ref>

===Lower Canada===
Mixture of French and British laws, making business "uncertain and insecure," should be ended by creation of [[Constitutional Act 1791|provincial house of assembly]]<ref>"Extract from a Memorial presented to Lord Sydney in January 1786 by the Merchants of London," ''A Review of the Government and Grievances of the Province of Quebec''[....] (1788), [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.20696/122 pg. 110] (PDF pg. 122). Accessed 30 March 2023</ref>

Rejected bill to reduce power of governor and government, allow [[Jury trial#England and Wales|jury trial]] option in civil cases and increase size of [[Council for the Affairs of the Province of Quebec|Legislative Council]]<ref>[https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_03425/189 "A Draught of a Proposed Act of Parliament for the Better Securing the Liberties [in Canada]"] (April 28, 1786 introduction in Commons of 1784 draft), ''Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada; 1759-1791''; ''Part II'' (2nd edition; 1918), pgs. 767-73. (See also [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_03425/229 British policy] not to reform government until Quebec people consulted) Accessed 12 April 2023</ref>

[[John Jay#Secretary of Foreign Affairs|John Jay]] says "variety of Considerations and some Facts" point to "understanding" between [[Shays' Rebellion#Aftermath|Shays Rebellion]] and "some leading Persons in Canada"<ref>[https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jay/01-04-02-0205 Letter of John Jay to Thomas Jefferson] (December 14, 1786), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 18 April 2023</ref>

[[Expulsion of the Acadians#Nova Scotia|Acadians]] settled on ungranted lands in [[Chaleur Bay]] should submit their claims to such land "with or without any written [[Title (property)|titles]]"<ref>"By the Honorable Henry Hope[....]" (May 9, 1786), [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267046 Supplement to the Quebec Gazette, No. 1082] (Cahier 2, May 11, 1786), pg. 1. Accessed 6 April 2023</ref>

Notice of [[44th (East_Essex) Regiment of Foot#Early history|44th Regiment's]] departure includes summary of service in Seven Years War, Revolutionary War and fighting Quebec and Montreal fires<ref>"Quebec, August 24," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267062 Nomb. 1097] (August 24, 1786), pg. 2. Accessed 7 April 2023</ref>

"[[North West Company#Beginnings|Montreal]] has sent home this year, 1786, the greatest quantity of [[North American fur trade#English colonies|furs]] that have been imported into England from thence since[...]1776."<ref>''The Present State of Nova Scotia; Second Edition'' (1787), [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.35778/232 pg. 205 footnote] (PDF pg. 232). Accessed 31 March 2023</ref>

Paris-trained physician/[[Midwifery#Modern history|midwife]] will treat "diseases incident to the pregnant state," and assist labour "and[...]delivery to the end of the month"<ref>"The Subscriber, Physician and Accoucheur[....]," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267057 Nomb. 1092] (July 20, 1786), pg. 3. Accessed 7 April 2023</ref>

As [[Allen's Company of Comedians|Company of Comedians]] sails for Quebec City, Montrealers say they have for 4 months "been indebted for a very rational amusement"<ref>"Montreal, July 13," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267057 Nomb. 1092] (July 20, 1786), pg. 2. Accessed 7 April 2023</ref>

"To be Sold, a [[Circumferentor]]," warranted good. Enquire of the Printer."<ref>"To be Sold[....]," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267068 Nomb. 1103] (October 5, 1786), pg. 4. Accessed 7 April 2023</ref>

===Upper Canada===
About 8,000 Loyalists are settled in [[Upper Canada#Establishment|"upper parts"]] and at [[Chaleur Bay]], with former making "astonishing progress in clearing[...]most fertile lands"<ref>"Kingston, February 4, 1786; A letter of a late date[....]," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860321&printsec=frontpage Number 1041] (March 21, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page, left column. Accessed 24 March 2023</ref>

After 1,113 acres and "all his moveable property" were confiscated and he was long imprisoned, Loyalist with 10 kids arrives with 7 [[Shilling (British coin)#History|shillings]]<ref>[https://sites.google.com/site/niagarasettlers/upper-canada-land-petitions/petitions-s/petitions-smith-abraham-to-jesse "Smith, Abraham"] Land Petitions of the Niagara Settlers "Smith, Abraham to Jesse." (See also petitions of Abraham's sons Isaac and Jesse (same page)) Accessed 13 April 2023</ref>

People of [[Kingston, Ontario#Naming history and etymology|Cataraqui]] echo other settlers welcoming [[Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester#Post-war years and death|Lord Dorchester]] to Canada, and hope they will get support given to "other new formed settlements"<ref>"To his Excellency the Right Honorable Guy Lord Dorchester[....]" (November 17, 1786), The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267079 Nomb. 1114] (December 21, 1786), pg. 3. Accessed 7 April 2023</ref>

[[Joseph Brant#After the war|Joseph Brant]] urges British pay [[Mohawk people#After the Revolution|Kanien’kéhà:ka]] for their losses and loyalty, that they might stock their farms and settle in new country<ref>"From Joseph Brant to Lord Sydney" (January 4, 1786), in [https://www.notlmuseum.ca/research/download/81/3/44 Records of Niagara(...)1784-1787] unpaginated (PDF pg. 55). Accessed 7 April 2023</ref>

[[John Butler (Ranger)#Post-war years and death|John Butler]] and [[Daniel Claus]] advise rewarding [[Iroquois#Post-war|Six Nations]] with £12,000 (half in cash to buy cattle) rather than pay them for losses in U.S.<ref>"Memorandum by John Butler and Daniel Claus" (March 7, 1786), in [https://www.notlmuseum.ca/research/download/81/3/44 Records of Niagara(...)1784-1787] unpaginated (PDF pgs. 58-60). Accessed 7 April 2023</ref>

[[Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney|Lord Sydney]] tells [[Henry Hope (Quebec lieutenant governor)|Lt. Gov. Hope]] that Kanien’kéhà:ka losses are "really nothing more than the usual effects of War," but will be addressed<ref>[https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_03425/227 "Sydney to Hope"] (April 6, 1786), ''Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada; 1759-1791''; ''Part II'' (2nd edition; 1918), pgs. 805-8. Accessed 12 April 2023 (See also that [https://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/PreConfederation/sydney_brant_1786.html Sydney tells Brant] similar thing on April 6, and [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.91836/46 Haldimand diary entry] on April 10 says Brant received £1,400 in personal compensation plus merchandise)</ref>

Report 40 Indigenous people including "a chief of the [[Odawa#Wars and refugees|Ottawas]] and [[Ojibwe#Contact with Europeans|Chippewas]]" are supposedly going to treaty talks with [[Sir John Johnson, 2nd Baronet#Post-war Years|John Johnson]] and Six Nations<ref>[https://wardepartmentpapers.org/s/home/item/38004 Letter to U.S. Secretary of War Henry Knox] (July 3, 1786), Western Reserve Historical Society History Library. Accessed 22 March 2023</ref>

John Butler finds Indigenous people at [[Fort Niagara#British and American control|Niagara]] "much dissatisfied" and has little to give "poor distressed creatures" beyond Johnson's promises<ref>"From Lieut.-Colonel John Butler to Lieut. Governor Hope" (October 5, 1786), in [https://www.notlmuseum.ca/research/download/81/3/44 Records of Niagara(...)1784-1787] unpaginated (PDF pgs. 64-5). Accessed 7 April 2023</ref>

Dorchester wants Butler to assess Six Nations' attitude to [[Treaty of Paris (1783)#Consequences|Upper Posts]]: do they want British to stay in them? defend them against U.S. attack?<ref>"From Lord Dorchester to Sir John Johnson" (December 14, 1786), in [https://www.notlmuseum.ca/research/download/81/3/44 Records of Niagara(...)1784-1787] unpaginated (PDF pg. 66). Accessed 7 April 2023 (See also [https://www.notlmuseum.ca/research/download/81/3/44 Six Nations chiefs' answer]
(PDF pgs. 73-5))</ref>

In consideration of their friend [[Alexander McKee]], Odawa and Ojibwe chiefs transfer 7-mile-wide tract of land on south bank of [[Detroit River#History|Detroit River]] to [[The Crown|Crown]]<ref>[https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1370372152585/1581293792285#ucls3 Treaty No. 116] (May 15, 1786), Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Accessed 18 April 2023</ref>

===Nova Scotia===
Commissioners of American Claims set deadline for receiving Loyalists' claims of losses, including any [[Title (property)|title]], [[deed]]s etc. they can produce<ref>"Office of American Claims; Halifax" (February 4, 1786), The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860207&printsec=frontpage Number 1035] (February 7, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page. Accessed 24 March 2023</ref>

Loyalist ex-soldiers claiming compensation say they took "to industrious Labour in Order to Support themselves and repair their [[wikt:constitution#English|Constitutions]]"<ref>[http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rhist/bcvol/bcvmem1.htm "Bucks County Volunteers Memorial for Relief"] (April 3, 1786), The On-Line Institute for Advanced Loyalist Studies. Accessed 13 April 2023</ref>

Commissioners report 2,178 claims for £7.2+ million, of which £876,421 has been paid out; no debt, [[benefice]] or professional claims included yet<ref>"Extract of a letter from a gentleman in London[....]" (April 24, 1786), The (Shelburne) Nova-Scotia Packet and General Advertiser, No. LXVIII (August 17, 1786), [https://archives.novascotia.ca/newspapers/archives/?ID=118&Page=200909032 pg. 4] Accessed 5 April 2023</ref>

[[Free Negro|"Free Negroes"]] in [[Manchester, Nova Scotia|Manchester]] petition for land, farm tools, clothing, ammunition and boards "we are intitled to" after two years<ref>[https://archives.novascotia.ca/africanns/archives/?ID=36 "Land petition from black settlers of Manchester"] (October 7, 1786), Nova Scotia Archives. Accessed 6 April 1786</ref>

Word has reached London that wealthy U.S. residents (mostly [[Quakers]]) have come to Nova Scotia "to escape anarchy and confusion"<ref>"London; March 30," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267050 Nomb. 1085] (June 1, 1786), pg. 2. Accessed 6 April 2023</ref>

Petition and related documents of grant to Mi'kmaw chief [[Philip Bernard]] of 500 acres (not within Crown Reservations) on [[St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia|St. Margarets Bay]]<ref>[https://archives.novascotia.ca/mikmaq/archives/?ID=30 "Items regarding land in Nova Scotia that is not included within the Crown Reservations"] (March 3, 1786), Nova Scotia Archives. Accessed 6 April 1786</ref>

List of commissioners appointed for "the Distribution of [[Subsidy|Bounties]] and Premiums" on [[Hemp#United States 2|hemp]], [[Flax#History|flaxseed]], [[Potash#18th century|potash]], sawmills, shipbuilding and whaling<ref>"Halifax, February 7," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860207&printsec=frontpage Number 1035] (February 7, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page. Accessed 24 March 2023</ref>

Imports from U.S. restricted to flour, wheat, rice, "[[Maize#Names|Indian Corn]] [and] Meal," rye, and white oak staves, all carried only in British vessels<ref>"By His Excellency John Parr[...]A Proclamation" (December 27, 1785), The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860117&printsec=frontpage Number 1032] (January 17, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page. (See also [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860221&printsec=frontpage statement] (Page 2 of 2, righthand page, left column) of 75 Halifax traders and others supporting import restrictions, and letters-to-the-editor in later issues) Accessed 23 March 2023</ref>

[[Letter to the editor|Letter-to-the-editor]] signed by 53 men asserts ability of province's farmers to supply its needs for meat and vegetables on reasonable terms<ref>"Cornwallis, 23d April 1786," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860523&printsec=frontpage Number 1050] (May 23, 1786), Page 2 of 2, lefthand page, right column. Accessed 24 March 2023 (See also [https://archives.novascotia.ca/newspapers/archives/?ID=114&Page=200909002 notice of petition] (right column) asking that Shelburne be allowed to import U.S. cattle because of "the difficulty of procuring them from the old settled towns in the province")</ref>

Ship has departed with "a valuable Cargo" of 135 tons [[Sperm oil|spermaceti oil]], 40 tons [[whale oil]], 8,759 lbs. [[Baleen#Human uses|whalebone]] and 1,257 moose and caribou skins<ref>"Halifax, September 5," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860905&printsec=frontpage Number 1065] (September 5, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page, middle column. Accessed 28 March 2023</ref>

British naval officer sells "One [[Negro]] Man Named [[Sambo (racial term)|Sambo]][...]and also One Brown Mare and her Colt now Sucking" to [[Truro, Nova Scotia|Truro]] physician for £40<ref>[https://archives.novascotia.ca/africanns/archives/?ID=17 Bill of sale] (August 10, 1786), Nova Scotia Archives. (See also [https://archives.novascotia.ca/africanns/archives/?ID=34 "Record of Col. Edward Cole's ownership of five slaves, Parrsboro"] (Note: names of enslaved begin at bottom of pg. 1)) Accessed 11 April 2023</ref>

For sale: "A likely [[Negro]] [[wikt:wench#English|Wench]], between Ten and Eleven Years of Age, has had the [[History of smallpox#Epidemics in the Americas|small Pox]] and [[Measles#History|Measles]][....]"<ref>"To Be Sold" (July 31, 1786), The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860801&printsec=frontpage Number 1060] (August 1, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page, right column. Accessed 28 March 2023</ref>

Reward of 40 shillings for return of "Negro Man who answers to the Name of James," is 28 and has [[Aquiline nose|"a Nose rather acqueline"]]<ref>"Falmouth, 26th July, 1786," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860801&printsec=frontpage Number 1060] (August 1, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page, right column. Accessed 28 March 2023</ref>

Missing indented Black man Henry Jones, [[Tanning (leather)|tanner]] by trade, "has a remarkable [[Speech disorder|impediment in his speech]] [and] is very [[wikt:artful#English|artful]]"<ref>"Runaway" (October 18), The (Shelburne) Nova-Scotia Packet and General Advertiser, No. LXXVII (October 19, 1786), [https://archives.novascotia.ca/newspapers/archives/?ID=127&Page=200909074 pg. 4] Accessed 5 April 2023</ref>

New Yorkers should not ridicule Nova Scotians, as they come to buy goods with ready money, which is "much wanted in these states"<ref>"New-York, March 17; Violent whigs[....]," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860523&printsec=frontpage Number 1050] (May 23, 1786), Page 2 of 2, lefthand page, left column. (See also [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860815&printsec=frontpage accusations] (Page 2 of 2, righthand page, left column) of mean treatment given Americans in [[British possessions]], especially Halifax) Accessed 24 March 2023</ref>

In Supreme Court, 3 men convicted of "[[Burglary#History|Burglary]] and [[Felony#History|Felony]]" are sentenced to death, while 2 others will be burned in hand, it being first offence<ref>"Halifax, October 24," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17861024&printsec=frontpage Number 1072] (October 24, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page, middle column. Accessed 29 March 2023</ref>

Before [[Capital punishment#Enlightenment philosophy|death sentence]], judge addresses convicted in "most pathetic and moving manner" and many in court shed tears for "unhappy culprits"<ref>"Shelburne, Nov. 9; On Thursday last[....]," The (Shelburne) Nova-Scotia Packet and General Advertiser, No. LXXX (November 9, 1786), [https://archives.novascotia.ca/newspapers/archives/?ID=127&Page=200909085 pg. 3] Accessed 5 April 2023</ref>

Repeal of prohibition on [[Catholic Church in Canada#British Rule in Canada|Catholic]] schools; their teachers must be licensed and take prescribed oath; no [[Protestantism|Protestant]] under 14 to be enrolled<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-relieving-his-majestys-subjects-professing-popish-religion-certain-penalties-and-0 "An Act for relieving His Majesty’s Subjects professing the Popish Religion from certain Penalties and Disabilities imposed on them by the Act of the General-Assembly of this Province, made in the sixth Year of His present Majesty’s Reign intitled, 'An Act concerning Schools and Schoolmasters.'"] (1786), 26 George III, Chapter 1, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 22 March 2023</ref>

Charitable [[Irish Canadians#Nova Scotia|Irish]] Society members called to meet at O'Brien's Tavern, along with "all Irish Men or Sons of Irish Men" seeking membership<ref>"The Members of the Charitable Irish Society[....]," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860214&printsec=frontpage Number 1036] (February 14, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page, right column. (See also [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860228&printsec=frontpage election results] (Page 2 of 2, righthand page) from High German Society and Halifax Marine Society, and [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860425&printsec=frontpage suggestion] (Page 2 of 2, righthand page, left column) of Batchelors Society to rescue old maids) Accessed 24 March 2023</ref>

Long-time [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] chaplain to Germans settling in N.S. takes holy orders in [[Church of England#Overseas developments|Church of England]], it being "the English of the system of Luther"<ref>"July 14," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17861010&printsec=frontpage Number 1070] (October 10, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page, middle column. Accessed 29 March 2023</ref>

Lunenburg's [[St. John%27s Anglican Church (Lunenburg)#Ministers (1753-1852)|Peter de la Roche]] calls on "Reverend Brethren" of all denominations to establish fund for relief of destitute widows of clergymen<ref>"Address To all Clergymen[....]" (January 25, 1786), The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860221&printsec=frontpage Number 1037] (February 21, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page, middle column. Accessed 24 March 2023</ref>

News of boy's drowning includes [[Royal Humane Society|London Humane Society's]] advice for more gentle "Recovery of Persons apparently dead by drowning"<ref>"Shelburne, February [25?]," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860307&printsec=frontpage Number 1039] (March 7, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page, right column. Accessed 24 March 2023</ref>

[[Pasture]] for rent by week; note says "Cattle are frequently swam across the river [and driven] only half a mile from the landing"<ref>"Pasturage for the ensuing Season" (Dartmouth, May 17, 1786), The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860606&printsec=frontpage Number 1052] (June 6, 1786), Page 1 of 2, righthand page, right column. Accessed 27 March 2023</ref>

"[[Atlantic salmon#Relationship to humans|Salmon]] Manufactory" opened, same "as those of[...]North Briton," for families and retailers' orders that say which "Market they design them for"<ref>"Salmon," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860606&printsec=frontpage Number 1052] (June 6, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page, middle column. Accessed 27 March 2023</ref>

[[Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh|Prince William Henry's]] Halifax welcome includes residents illuminating their houses in "general tide of joy [among] all ranks of people"<ref>"Halifax, October 7," The (Shelburne) Nova-Scotia Packet and General Advertiser, No. LXXVII (October 19, 1786), [https://archives.novascotia.ca/newspapers/archives/?ID=127&Page=200909073 pg. 3] Accessed 5 April 2023</ref>

"Dr. Templeman" announces 3-week stint of [[Dentistry#Modern dentistry|dental services]] including [[Calculus (dental)|tartar]] removal, curing gum "scurvy" and "Plumbing [[Tooth decay#History|caries]] Teeth"<ref>"Dr. Templeman[....]" (June 25), The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860704&printsec=frontpage Number 1056] (July 4, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page, right column. Accessed 27 March 2023</ref>

Governor and magistrates tour Halifax schools and are "well pleased with the conduct of the [[Schoolmaster|Masters]] and the performances of the Scholars"<ref>"Halifax, Octo. 17; Yesterday His Excellency[....]," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17861017&printsec=frontpage Number 1071] (October 17, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page, middle column. Accessed 29 March 2023</ref>

Books for sale include [[Robinson Crusoe]], [[Paradise Lost]], [[The Vicar of Wakefield]] and (in large type) [[Matthew Henry#Literary work|Henry's Commentary on the Bible in 6 Volumes]]<ref>"Sales by Auction" (Halifax, August 7, 1786), The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860808&printsec=frontpage Number 1061] (August 8, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page, middle column. Accessed 28 March 2023</ref>

"To the Gentlemen of the Navy and Army. The Dock Yard and Town (if approved of) will play the Game at [[Cricket#English cricket in the 18th and 19th centuries|Cricket]] for the Sum of 25 or 50 Pounds."<ref>"To the Gentlemen[....]," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17861017&printsec=frontpage Number 1071] (October 17, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page, middle column. Accessed 29 March 2023</ref>

"Very great walking" - "Gentleman and his servant" walk 76 miles of Pell's road ([[Annapolis Royal#Loyalists|Annapolis Royal]] to [[Shelburne, Nova Scotia#History|Shelburne]]) in only 1½ days<ref>"Shelburne, October 26; Early on Friday evening[....]," The (Shelburne) Nova-Scotia Packet and General Advertiser, No. LXXVIII (October 26, 1786), [https://archives.novascotia.ca/newspapers/archives/?ID=127&Page=200909078 pg. 4] Accessed 5 April 2023</ref>

Snow light in Shelburne, but temperature fell 24°F in hours, leading to belief "the Halifax Shaver had paid us a visit" (Note: compare [[Alberta clipper]])<ref>"Shelburne, Nov. 30; At Halifax they had a deep snow[....]," The (Shelburne) Nova-Scotia Packet and General Advertiser, No. LXXVIII (November 30, 1786), [https://archives.novascotia.ca/newspapers/archives/?ID=133&Page=200909098 pg. 4] Accessed 5 April 2023</ref>

===New Brunswick===
[[Thomas Dundas (British Army officer)|Commissioner of Loyalist claims]] finds good conditions and prospects in New Brunswick, though he criticizes "[[wikt:industry#English|industry]]" of ex-soldiers<ref>[https://archive.org/details/winslowpapersad100raymuoft/page/343/mode/1up "Col. Thomas Dundas to Earl Cornwallis"] (December 28, 1786), ''Winslow Papers; A.D. 1776-1826'', pg. 337. Accessed 20 April 2023</ref>

N.B. asks Nova Scotia for payments made by N.B. residents to N.S. before [[History of New Brunswick#The Loyalists and the establishment of New Brunswick|provincial division]], but N.S. says not until N.B. takes share of [[debt]]<ref>"Extracts from the Journal and Proceedings of the General Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia," The (Shelburne) Nova-Scotia Packet and General Advertiser, No. LXIV (July 20, 1786), [https://archives.novascotia.ca/newspapers/archives/?ID=115&Page=200909014 pg. 2] Accessed 4 April 2023</ref>

In 7 months of 1785, [[History of Saint John, New Brunswick#Incorporation of Saint John|Saint John]] exported more than 1.1 million [[Wood shingle|shingles]], 530,000 feet of boards, 85,000 [[Stave (wood)|staves]] etc. to West Indies<ref>"Jamaica, Kingston, May 6, 1786," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860627&printsec=frontpage Number 1055] (June 27, 1786), Page 2 of 2, righthand page, left column. Accessed 27 March 2023</ref>

Provincial revenue to be generated from liquor and merchandise [[Duty (tax)|duties]] and [[Liquor license|liquor licences]], except where rights of Saint John prevail<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-raising-revenue-province "An Act for Raising a Revenue in this Province"] (1786), 26 George III, Chapter 55, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 22 March 2023</ref>

"The state and condition of the poor" to be submitted to [[court of general sessions]] in each district for assessment of funds for their support<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-regulate-and-provide-support-poor-province "An Act to regulate and provide for the support of the Poor in this province"] (1786), 26 George III, Chapter 43, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 22 March 2023</ref>

Certificate of [[manumission]] in [[Saint John, New Brunswick#History|Saint John]] for [[mulatto]] Joshua Moore, born in New York City "in a state of slavery" in 1766<ref>Quoted in T. Watson Smith, [https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/forthavoc/html/Slave-in-Canada.aspx?culture=en-CA "The Slave in Canada"] (1899), Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Accessed 20 April 2023</ref>

[[Edward Winslow (loyalist)|Edward Winslow]] says Indigenous people are intimidating [[Isaac Allen|judge]] regarding some case before courts (Note: "barbarous" and "savages" used)<ref>[https://archive.org/details/winslowpapersad100raymuoft/page/338/mode/1up "Edward Winslow to Ward Chipman"] (May 26, 1786), ''Winslow Papers; A.D. 1776-1826'', pg. 332. Accessed 20 April 2023</ref>

[[John Beardsley (cleric)|Former New York minister]] claims compensation for 1777 banishment in which he lost "a Considerable Real and Personal Estate" and income from land<ref>[http://www.royalprovincial.com/genealogy/church/chmem2.shtml "Church Records Memorial of John Beardsley"] (January 28, 1786), The On-Line Institute for Advanced Loyalist Studies. Accessed 13 April 2023</ref>

Former [[New York Volunteers]] [[sergeant major]] makes claim for losses, including "Father[...]barbarously executed for [loyalty] to the Royal Cause"<ref>[http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/mems/ct/clmjstone.htm "Claims and Memorials; Memorial of Joshua Stone of Connecticut"] (March 8, 1786), The On-Line Institute for Advanced Loyalist Studies. Accessed 13 April 2023</ref>

Only [[Church of England#Overseas developments|Anglican clergy]] allowed ecclesiastical office and must conduct service at least monthly; others may pick ministers and build "meeting houses"<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-preserving-church-england-law-established-province-and-securing-liberty-conscience "An Act for Preserving the Church of England, as by law established in this province, and for securing Liberty of Conscience in matters of Religion"] (1786), 26 George III, Chapter 4, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 22 March 2023</ref>

Leader of 11 or more persons with petition or declaration for [[List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Nova_Scotia|governor]], [[Nova_Scotia_Council|council]] or [[Nova Scotia House of Assembly|assembly]] is liable to penalty of £100 and 3 months in jail<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-against-tumults-and-disorders-upon-pretence-preparing-or-presenting-public "An Act against Tumults and Disorders, upon pretence of preparing or presenting Public Petitions or other Addresses to the Governor, or General Assembly"] (1786), 26 George III, Chapter 58, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 22 March 2023</ref>

[[Indentured servitude#North America|Indented servants]] and [[Apprenticeship|apprentices]] must receive discharges at end of their terms, and those hiring any undischarged person are liable to £5 fine<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-regulating-servants "An Act for regulating Servants"] (1786), 26 George III, Chapter 37, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 22 March 2023</ref>

Loans with [[Interest rate|interest rates]] above 6% per year are prohibited (with exceptions), and [[Bond (finance)|bonds]], contracts etc. void if paid at any higher rate<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-establishing-rate-interest "An Act for establishing the Rate of Interest"] (1786), 26 George III, Chapter 17, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 22 March 2023</ref>

[[Grand jury|Grand jurors]] must possess [[Freehold (law)|freeholds]] with annual value of £10 or estates worth £100, and [[Petit jury|petit jurors]] likewise with 20s freeholds or £10 estates<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-regulating-juries-and-declaring-qualifications-jurors "An Act for regulating Juries and declaring the Qualifications of Jurors"] (1786), 26 George III, Chapter 6, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 22 March 2023</ref>

No one to be "held to special [[bail]]" on process of supreme court for matter of less than £10, or less than 40s if process from lower court<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-prevent-frivolous-and-vexatious-arrests "An Act to prevent frivolous and vexatious Arrests"] (1786), 26 George III, Chapter 25, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 22 March 2023</ref>

[[Justice of the peace|JPs]] empowered to jail persons with [[Vagrancy|no visible means of support]] and who "live idle and refuse to work for the usual wages" or "beg alms"<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-preventing-idleness-and-disorders-and-punishing-rogues-vagabonds-and-other-idle-and "An Act for preventing Idleness and Disorders, and for punishing Rogues, Vagabonds, and other idle and disorderly persons"] (1786), 26 George III, Chapter 27, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 22 March 2023</ref>

Because "inhabitants of this province have frequently left [[Wildfire#Human involvement|fires]] burning which[...]have done great damage" to woods, fines of £3 to be assessed<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-prevent-burning-woods-carelessly-or-wantonly-firing-same "An Act to prevent the Burning Woods, by carelessly or wantonly Firing the same"] (1786), 26 George III, Chapter 30, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 22 March 2023</ref>

No keepers of inns, taverns or alehouses, or retailers, are to sell liquor on credit of more than 5s, or accept "pawn or [[Pledge (law)|pledge]]" for that amount<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-regulating-inn-holders-tavern-keepers-and-retailers-spirituous-liquors "An Act for regulating Inn-holders, Tavern-keepers, and Retailers of Spirituous Liquors"] (1786), 26 George III, Chapter 36, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 22 March 2023</ref>

All money and [[Security (finance)|securities]] (including some [[Mortgage loan|mortgages]]) shall be forfeit if won in games of [[Card game|cards]], [[dice]], "[[Tables game|tables]]," [[Tennis#Predecessors|tennis]], [[bowls]] or other game<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-prevent-gaming "An Act to prevent Gaming"] (1786), 26 George III, Chapter 26, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 22 March 2023</ref>

Law enacted against killing [[Moose#Relationship with humans|moose]] for their hides only, which causes "wanton destruction" and could possibly "[[Local extinction|extirpate]] that useful animal"<ref>[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-preservation-moose "An Act for the Preservation of Moose"] (1786), 26 George III, Chapter 39, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 22 March 2023</ref>

===Prince Edward Island===
Charged or [[Debtors' prison|jailed debtor]] owing less than £100 may petition court for release upon submitting list of property for creditors to divide<ref>[https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01818/127 "An Act for the Relief of Insolvent Debtors"] (Cap. II, 1786), The Statutes at Large of Prince Edward Island, Anno XXVI, Georgii III, pgs. 127-35. Accessed 23 March 2023</ref>

Office of [[sheriff]] created to replace provost marshall, which role did not provide gentleman's salary, possibly leading to use of extortion<ref>[https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01818/161 "An Act[...]to appoint a Sheriff or Sheriffs for this Island[....]"] (Preamble, Cap. XV, 1786), The Statutes at Large of Prince Edward Island, Anno XXVI, Georgii III, pgs. 161-2. Accessed 23 March 2023</ref>

[[Walter Patterson (governor)|Gov. Patterson]] tells Loyalist claims commissioners that few Islanders have claims big enough to warrant trip to Halifax to testify<ref>[https://www.islandregister.com/letters/patterson1786.html "Walter Patterson to The Commissioners For American Claims"] (January 25, 1786), The Island Register - Letters from/to P.E.I. Accessed 18 April 2023</ref>

===Elsewhere===
"French writer computes" 62,000 [[Slavery in Africa#Demographics|Blacks bought in Africa]] annually, of whom 40,000 are taken by England, depopulating African coast<ref>"Dublin, May 10," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860912&printsec=frontpage Number 1066] (September 12, 1786), Page 2 of 4, lefthand page, right column. (See also [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17861031&printsec=frontpage note] (Page 2 of 2, lefthand page, middle and right columns - "On the whole [worldwide,]" slaves are 73 "times more numerous than them enjoying, in any tolerable degree, the rights of human nature") Accessed 28 March 2023</ref>

[[Granville Sharp#The Province of Freedom|Granville Sharp]] draws up rules and regulations for proposed settlement in [[Sierra Leone#Black Poor of London|Sierra Leone]] for Blacks returning to Africa<ref>Granville Sharp, [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/ecco/004810656.0001.000 "A Short Sketch of Temporary Regulations"] (July 3, 1786), Eighteenth Century Collections Online. Accessed 31 March 2023</ref>

Brant tells nations under U.S. attack what their forefathers knew: "'They were the Lords of the Soil' and that all the White people were [[Settler colonialism|invaders]]"<ref>[https://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.lac_reel_c1478/1067 Letter to Daniel Claus] (Montreal, December 14, 1786), Library and Archives Canada. Accessed 14 April 2023</ref>

[[Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)|Alexander Mackenzie]]: "I have not a single man in my fort that can make [[Snowshoe|Rackets]]. [...] See what it is to have no wives."<ref>Letter of Alexander Mackenzie (Fall 1786), Image 10, [http://digital.scaa.sk.ca/ourlegacy/permalink/24418 Letters of Sir Alexander MacKenzie] University of Saskatchewan Libraries. Accessed 11 April 2023</ref>

[[Edward Umfreville]] describes [[Canadian canoe routes#Nelson River basin|lower Saskatchewan River]], and time in 1786 when it rose 10 feet in 24 hours, causing traders to sleep in their canoes<ref>Edward Umfreville, ''The Present State of Hudson's Bay'' (1790), [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.26060/161 pgs. 146-8] Accessed 31 March 2023</ref>

While exploring, [[Hudson's Bay Company#18th century|Hudson's Bay Co.]] [[sloop]] [[Sea captain|master]] says "two oldast [Inuit] Layd hold of me by the arms and handed me about to Every place I went"<ref>Alexander Brand, "August 19th," [http://pam.minisisinc.com/DIGITALOBJECTS/Access/HBCA%20Microfilm/1M89/B135-A-71.pdf A Journal of a Voyage from Moose Fort to great + little Whale Rivers + Cape Smith for the Discovery of a Supposed Passage out of Hudsons Bay in to another Sea] (1786), PDF pg. 19, Archives of Manitoba. Accessed 11 April 2023</ref>

"[[Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh|Prince William Henry]] is to make a regular naval tour on the coast of Labradore[...]during the whole course of the summer[....]"<ref>"His Royal Highness[....]," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860718&printsec=frontpage Number 1056] (July 18, 1786), Page 2 of 2, lefthand page, left column. (See also [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17861010&printsec=frontpage Prince's joyous arrival] (Page 2 of 2, righthand page, middle column) in Halifax) Accessed 27 March 2023</ref>

Making the [[Bastille#Reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI (1723%E2%80%931789)|Bastille]] "a civil prison" where inmates can see friends "is the first beam of liberty that has shone on France for many years"<ref>"New-York, April 19; Extract of a letter from Paris," The Nova-Scotia Gazette and the Weekly Chronicle, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17860620&printsec=frontpage Number 1054] (June 20, 1786), Page 2 of 2, lefthand page, right column. Accessed 27 March 2023</ref>

== References ==
((reflist))

((Canadian history))
((BNA year nav))
((North America topic|1786 in))

((DEFAULTSORT:1786 In Canada))
[[Category:1786 in North America]]
[[Category:1786 in the British Empire]]
[[Category:1786 by country|Canada]]
[[Category:1780s in Canada]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in Canada|86]]

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Return to 1786 in Canada.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1786_in_Canada"