Incumbents

Holy Roman Empire

Francis II (5 July 1792 – 6 August 1806)

Important Electors

Baden- Charles Frederick (27 April 1803 – 6 August 1806)
Bavaria- Maximilian I (16 February 1799 – 6 August 1806)^[1]
Saxony- Frederick Augustus I (17 December 1763 – 20 December 1806)^[2]
Württemberg - Frederick I (1803 – 30 October 1816)^[3]

Kingdoms

Kingdom of Prussia
- Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)^[4]

Grand Duchies

Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Frederick Francis I (24 April 1785 – 1 February 1837)^[5]
Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Charles II (2 June 1794 – 6 November 1816)^[6]
Grand Duke of Oldenburg
- Wilhelm (6 July 1785 – 2 July 1823) Due to mental illness, Wilhelm was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.^[7]
- Peter I (2 July 1823 – 21 May 1829)^[7]
Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar
- Karl August (1758–1809) Raised to grand duchy in 1809

Principalities

Schaumburg-Lippe
- George William (13 February 1787 – 1860)
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Louis Frederick II (13 April 1793 – 28 April 1807)^[8]
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 1794 – 19 August 1835)
Principality of Lippe
- Leopold II (5 November 1802 – 1 January 1851)^[9]
Principality of Reuss-Greiz
- Heinrich XIII (28 June 1800 – 29 January 1817)
Waldeck and Pyrmont
- Friedrich Karl August (29 August 1763 – 24 September 1812)

Duchies

Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
- Leopold III (16 December 1751 – 9 August 1817)^[10]
Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) - Frederick^[5]
Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
- Francis (8 September 1800 – 9 December 1806)
Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
- Bernhard II (24 December 1803 – 20 September 1866)^[11]
Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
- Frederick Charles Louis (24 February 1775 – 25 March 1816)^[12]

Other

Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
- Louis I (6 April 1790 – 14 August 1806)^[5]

Events

25 February – A major redistribution of territorial sovereignty within the Holy Roman Empire is enacted via an act known as the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss.
30 May – Following Britain's declaration of war on France, Édouard Mortier leads 12,000 troops in an Invasion of Hanover
5 July – The convention of Artlenburg confirms the French occupation of Hanover (which had been ruled by the British king).

Births

January–June

15 February
- John Sutter, pioneer (died 1880)^[13]
- Karl Friedrich Schimper, botanist, naturalist and poet (died 1867)^[14]
26 February – Arnold Adolph Berthold, physiologist and zoologist (died 1861)^[15]
17 March Carl Jacob Löwig, chemist (died 1890)^[16]
12 May – Justus von Liebig, chemist (died 1873)^[17]

July–December

8 July – Julius Mosen, poet (died 1867)
17 July – Johann Samuel Eduard d'Alton, anatomist (died 1854)
19 July – Wolfgang Franz von Kobell, mineralogist and writer (died 1882)
5 October – Friedrich Bernhard Westphal, painter (died 1844)
29 November – Gottfried Semper, architect (died 1879)
26 September – Adrian Ludwig Richter, German painter (died 1884)
6 October – Heinrich Wilhelm Dove, German physicist and meteorologist (died 1879)
31 December – Johann Carl Fuhlrott, German paleoanthropologist (died 1877)

Deaths

January–June

18 February – Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim, poet (born 1719)
14 March – Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, poet (born 1724)

July–December

18 December – Johann Gottfried Herder, philosopher and writer (born 1744)

References

^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Maximilian I., king of Bavaria" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 921.
^ "General German Biography - Wikisource". Retrieved 24 January 2021.
^ David, Saul (1998). Prince of pleasure : the Prince of Wales and the making of the Regency. New York : Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 978-0-87113-739-5. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
^ Frederick William III at the Encyclopædia Britannica
^ ^a ^b ^c Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 38.
^ Huish, Robert (1821). Public and Private Life His Late Excellent and most Gracious Majesty George The Third. T. Kelly. p. 170.
^ ^a ^b "Oldenburg Royal Family". Monarchies of Europe. Archived from the original on 17 March 2006. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
^ Apfelstedt, F.; Apfelstedt, Heinrich Friedrich Theodor (1996). Das Haus Kevernburg-Schwarzburg von seinem Ursprunge bis auf unsere Zeit. Thüringer Chronik-Verlag Müllerott. ISBN 978-3-910132-29-0.
^ Almanach de Gotha (87th ed.). Justus Perthes. 1850. p. 38.
^ J. Morley, "The Bauhaus Effect," in Social Utopias of the Twenties (Germany: Müller Bushmann press, 1995), 11.
^ "Biografie Georg I (German)". Meininger Museen. Archived from the original on 15 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
^ Albinus, Robert (1985). Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung (in German). Leer: Verlag Gerhard Rautenberg. p. 371. ISBN 3-7921-0320-6.
^ Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz
^ "Karl Friedrich SCHIMPER". GEDBAS. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
^ "Arnold Adolph Berthold and the Transplantation of Testes" (PDF). The Endocrinologist. 6 (3): 164–168. May 1996. doi:10.1097/00019616-199605000-00002.
^ Hans Heinrich Landolt (1890). "Nekrolog: Carl Löwig". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft. 23 (3): 905–909. doi:10.1002/cber.18900230395.
^ "J. von Liebig (1803 - 1873)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 26 July 2015.

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